Long-term effects of inorganic conditioner combined with organic manure in ameliorating acidified soil

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240424

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 858-868.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240424

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Long-term effects of inorganic conditioner combined with organic manure in ameliorating acidified soil

HUANG Pengwu¹(), WU Qianqian¹, ZHAO Lifang¹, SHAO Dezhong¹, WU Lujie¹, ZHAO Miyang², TIAN Yu³, LU Shenggao³^,^*()

1. Yueqing Agriculture and Rural Development Center, Yueqing 325612, Zhejiang, China
2. Comprehensive Service Center of Liushi Town, Yueqing City, Yueqing 325604, Zhejiang, China
3. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2024-05-10 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-09
Contact: LU Shenggao

Abstract

Abstract:

The application of inorganic alkaline conditioners is a commonly used method for soil acidification amelioration, but the long-term improvement effects of these conditioners were not clear yet. Thus, a three-year field experiment was carried out by application of inorganic conditioners in combination with organic manure. Four treatments were set, including the control (CK) without application of conditioner, and treatments with application of 1 875 kg·hm^-2 lime, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer (SCKM) or oyster shell (OS). The results showed that, after the application of conditioners for three years, the soil pH value under the treatments with application of SCKM or OS was still significantly (P<0.05) higher than that under the CK by 0.41 and 0.20, respectively. The three treatments with application of conditioner significantly lowered the total exchangeable acid content. However, there was reacidification in the soil with application of lime after 3 years, whereas the SCKM treatment did not show reacidification, indicating its long-term effectiveness in amending soil acidity. Compared to the CK, application of SCKM significantly increased the soil exchangeable Ca²⁺ content, application of lime significantly increased the soil exchangeable Mg²⁺ content, and application of OS significantly increased the soil exchangeable K⁺ content. Among the three conditioners, only the treatment with application of OS significantly reduced soil bulk density, yet increased soil porosity. Moreover, application of SCKM significantly increased the Shannon index of soil bacteria than that of CK, the treatments with application of lime or OS significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content, and the treatments with application of lime or SCKM significantly increased soil protease activity. In summary, among the three conditioners, SCKM exhibited the best performance in controlling soil acidification, improving soil nutrients and microbial activity, yet OS was better in improving soil physical properties.

Key words: soil acidification, soil conditioner, long term effectiveness, exchangeable acid

CLC Number:

S156.2

HUANG Pengwu, WU Qianqian, ZHAO Lifang, SHAO Dezhong, WU Lujie, ZHAO Miyang, TIAN Yu, LU Shenggao. Long-term effects of inorganic conditioner combined with organic manure in ameliorating acidified soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(4): 858-868.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Elemental composition of conditioners

调理剂 Conditioner	各元素的质量分数Mass fraction of elements/%
调理剂 Conditioner	O	Si	Al	Fe	Ca	Mg	K
石灰Lime	40.50	1.34	0.28	0.14	52.4	0.81	0.04
硅钙钾镁Fertilizer of calcium silicon magnesium potassium	35.40	13.10	4.31	2.67	21.1	1.71	2.84
牡蛎壳Oyster shell	37.00	2.66	1.21	0.33	16.1	0.53	0.35

Fig.1 Soil pH and total exchangeable acid content under treatments Bars marked without the same lowercase or uppercase letters indicate significant difference within treatments at P<0.05 in 2021 and 2023, respectively.

Fig.2 Content of exchangeable K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference within treatments at P<0.05. The same as in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.

Fig.3 Content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium under treatments

Fig.4 Soil bulk density and porosity under treatments

Fig.5 Composition of soil fungal community at phylum level (left) and its β-diversity (right) under treatments PCoA, Principal co-ordinates analysis.

Fig.6 Composition of soil bacterial community at phylum level (left) and its β-diversity (right) under treatments PCoA, Principal co-ordinates analysis.

Fig.7 Dominant bacterial phyla in soil under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference within treatments in the same phylum at P<0.05.

Table 2 Soil microbial α-diversity index under treatmetns

处理 Treatment	细菌香农指数 Bacterial Shannon index	真菌香农指数 Fungal Shannon index
CK	2.14±0.10 bc	0.91±0.10 a
T1	2.20±0.10 ab	0.72±0.20 a
T2	2.26±0.10 a	0.86±0.10 a
T3	2.09±0.10 c	0.74±0.20 a

Table 3 Content of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen and soil enzymes activities under treatments

处理 Treatment	MBC/(mg·kg^-1)	MBN/(mg·kg^-1)	Pro/(U·g^-1)	NR/(U·g^-1)	Pho/(U·g^-1)	AP/(U·g^-1)
CK	196.6±32.0 c	13.3±3.0 a	153.1±10.0 b	0.28±0.10 a	2 404±109 a	4 981±141 a
T1	319.9±12.0 a	16.5±1.0 a	198.1±14.0 a	0.41±0.20 a	2 069±177 ab	4 793±93 a
T2	228.8±21.0 bc	16.1±2.0 a	192.5±10.0 a	0.38±0.20 a	2 570±319 a	5 211±301 a
T3	291.3±11.0 ab	19.1±3.0 a	165.9±8.0 ab	0.10±0.10 a	1 571±57 b	4 771±162 a

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Long-term effects of inorganic conditioner combined with organic manure in ameliorating acidified soil

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