Abstract: In order to provide the scientific data for the eco\|environment evaluation and comprehensive improvement of water bodies in Lixia River hinterland， the Jaccard species similarity index， Pielou uniformity index， Mcnaughton predominant index， Shannon\|Wiener diversity index were used to study the phytoplankton ecological characteristics of the typical water bodies in Lixia River hinterland in autumn of 2014. The results showed that 7 classes including 81species of phytoplankton had been found in Lixia River hinterland. Among them， Chlorophyta， 40 species， predominated in species， accounting for 49.4% of the total phytoplankton species， Bacillariophyta， 14 species， taken the second place， accounting for 17.3% of the total phytoplankton species. And the species number of Cyanophyta， Euglenophyta， Xanthophyta， Cryptophyta， Pyrrophyta were 13， 6， 4， 3， 1, respectively， accounting for 16.1%， 7.4%， 4.9%， 3.7%， 1.2% of the total phytoplankton species， respectively. The species number and biomass of phytoplankton in Lixia River hinterland in autumn of 2014 ranged from 13 to 37 and 1.20×106 ind·L-1 to 1405×106 ind·L-1， respectively. Chlorophyta， Cyanophyta， Bacillariophyta predominated both in species number and biomass. The analysis results of similarity showed that the similarity index ranged from 0.07 to 0.50， which meant the similarity indexes were very low and the eco\|environment differed significantly from station to station. The analysis result of predominance index showed that there were 4 phyla 19 predominant species in Lixia River hinterland in autumn of 2014， and the predominant indexes were not high （except the high predominant indexes at Dazhong Lake with Microcystis aeruginisa of 0.46， Taidong estuary with Microcystis aeruginisa of 0.60 and the second waterworks of Xinghua with Microcystis flos\|aquae Kirchn of 0.51）， ranging from 0.10 to 0.60. The analysis results of diversity and uniformity showed that the diversity index and uniformity index ranged from 2.07 to 4.45 and 0.51 to 0.86， respectively， whose average values were 3.29 and 0.76， which meant that both diversity and uniformity of phytoplankton were good.

Key words: phytoplankton, ecological characteristics, Lixia River hinterland, typical water body, autumn