Spatial-temporal characteristics and coordination of agricultural high-quality development in China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.20

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 170-182.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.20

• Agricultural Economy and Development • Previous Articles

Spatial-temporal characteristics and coordination of agricultural high-quality development in China

DONG Yanmin^a^,^b(), YAN Fengxian^a^,^b^,^*()

a. College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
b. Green Economy Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2020-10-09 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-25
Contact: YAN Fengxian

Abstract

Abstract:

From the 5 elements of production efficiency, industry benefits, green production, quality of labors, and the farmers’income, 14 indexes were selected to construct the evaluation system of agricultural high-quality development, and the level, spatial correlation and coordination degree among elements of agricultural high-quality development in 2000-2018 in China (Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan not included) were analyzed by entropy method, Moran index, and coordination degree method. The results showed as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the agricultural high-quality development level in China has gradually increased from 0.355 39 in 2000 to 0.482 40 in 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 1.71%. (2) There are large regional differences in the agricultural high-quality development level in China, and it has the characteristics of clustering. From the western region to the eastern coast, the agricultural high-quality development level has gradually increased. The agricultural high-quality development level in the adjacent provincial administrative regions affects mutually, and present the state of “the same high and the same low”. (3) The coordination degree among elements of agricultural high-quality development in China has improved from 2000 to 2018, but it still needs to be strengthened. (4) China’s agricultural high-quality development level is consistent with the coordination dgeree among elements of agricultural high-quality development. In other words, the regions with high level of agricultural high-quality development, also have relatively high coordination degree among elements of agricultural high-quality development.

Key words: agricultural high-quality development, spatial correlation, coordination degree, evaluation system

CLC Number:

S-9
F324.6

DONG Yanmin, YAN Fengxian. Spatial-temporal characteristics and coordination of agricultural high-quality development in China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(1): 170-182.

Figures/Tables 8

References 22

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要素层面 Element level	指标层面 Indicator level	指标衡量方式 Index measurement	指标方向 Indicator direction
生产效率 Production efficiency	劳动生产率 Labor productivity	第一产业增加值/第一产业从业人员数量 Added value of primary industry/number of employees in primary industry	+
	机械化程度 Mechanization degree	农业机械总动力/耕地面积 Total power of agricultural machinery/cultivated land area	+
	土地生产率 Land productivity	农业总产值/耕地面积 Total agricultural output/cultivated land area	+
	产业结构调整指数 Industrial structure adjustment index	1-(农业总产值/农林牧渔总产值) 1-(total agricultural output/total output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery)	+
产业效益 Industry benefits	农业增加值增长率 Growth rate of agricultural added value	农业增加值/前一年农业增加值-1 Agricultural added value/previous year’s agricultural added value-1	+
	农副产品加工业产值占比 Proportion of agricultural and sideline products processing industry output to total agricultural output	农副产品加工业产值/农业总产值 Output of agricultural and sideline products processing industry/total agricultural output	+
	农林牧渔服务业总产值占比 Proportion of services output to gross output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery	农林牧渔服务业总产值/农林牧渔总产值 Gross output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service/gross output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery	+
绿色化生产 Green production	有效灌溉率 Effective irrigation rate	有效灌溉面积/耕地面积 Effective irrigation area/cultivated land area	+
	化肥施用强度 Application intensity of chemical fertilizer	农用化肥施用量/耕地面积 Agricultural chemical fertilizer application amount/cultivated land area	-
	塑料薄膜使用强度 Usage strength of plastic film	农用塑料薄膜使用量/耕地面积 Agricultural plastic film usage/cultivated land area	-
	农药使用强度 Pesticide usage intensity	农药使用量/耕地面积 Pesticide usage/cultivated land area	-
劳动者素质 Quality of labors	大专及以上农村劳动力占比 Proportion of rural labor force with junior college degree or above	大专及以上农村劳动力数量/农村劳动力总量 Number of rural labor force with junior college degree or above/total rural labor force	+
农民收入 Farmers’ income	农村居民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of rural residents	(农村居民总收入-家庭经营费用支出-税费支出-生产性固定资产折旧-财产性支出-转移性支出)/家庭常住人口 (Total income of rural residents-household operating expenses-tax expenditure-depreciation of productive fixed assets-property expenditure-transfer expenditure)/permanent household population	+
	乡城收入比 Rural urban income ratio	农村居民人均可支配收入/城镇居民人均可支配收入 Disposable income of rural residents/disposable income of urban residents	+

要素层面 Element level	指标层面 Indicator level	指标衡量方式 Index measurement	指标方向 Indicator direction
生产效率 Production efficiency	劳动生产率 Labor productivity	第一产业增加值/第一产业从业人员数量 Added value of primary industry/number of employees in primary industry	+
	机械化程度 Mechanization degree	农业机械总动力/耕地面积 Total power of agricultural machinery/cultivated land area	+
	土地生产率 Land productivity	农业总产值/耕地面积 Total agricultural output/cultivated land area	+
	产业结构调整指数 Industrial structure adjustment index	1-(农业总产值/农林牧渔总产值) 1-(total agricultural output/total output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery)	+
产业效益 Industry benefits	农业增加值增长率 Growth rate of agricultural added value	农业增加值/前一年农业增加值-1 Agricultural added value/previous year’s agricultural added value-1	+
	农副产品加工业产值占比 Proportion of agricultural and sideline products processing industry output to total agricultural output	农副产品加工业产值/农业总产值 Output of agricultural and sideline products processing industry/total agricultural output	+
	农林牧渔服务业总产值占比 Proportion of services output to gross output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery	农林牧渔服务业总产值/农林牧渔总产值 Gross output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service/gross output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery	+
绿色化生产 Green production	有效灌溉率 Effective irrigation rate	有效灌溉面积/耕地面积 Effective irrigation area/cultivated land area	+
	化肥施用强度 Application intensity of chemical fertilizer	农用化肥施用量/耕地面积 Agricultural chemical fertilizer application amount/cultivated land area	-
	塑料薄膜使用强度 Usage strength of plastic film	农用塑料薄膜使用量/耕地面积 Agricultural plastic film usage/cultivated land area	-
	农药使用强度 Pesticide usage intensity	农药使用量/耕地面积 Pesticide usage/cultivated land area	-
劳动者素质 Quality of labors	大专及以上农村劳动力占比 Proportion of rural labor force with junior college degree or above	大专及以上农村劳动力数量/农村劳动力总量 Number of rural labor force with junior college degree or above/total rural labor force	+
农民收入 Farmers’ income	农村居民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of rural residents	(农村居民总收入-家庭经营费用支出-税费支出-生产性固定资产折旧-财产性支出-转移性支出)/家庭常住人口 (Total income of rural residents-household operating expenses-tax expenditure-depreciation of productive fixed assets-property expenditure-transfer expenditure)/permanent household population	+
	乡城收入比 Rural urban income ratio	农村居民人均可支配收入/城镇居民人均可支配收入 Disposable income of rural residents/disposable income of urban residents	+

区域Region	2000	2003	2006	2009	2012	2015	2018
全国Nation wide	0.355 39	0.360 01	0.369 42	0.398 73	0.435 30	0.458 88	0.482 40
北京Beijing	0.466 91	0.448 33	0.482 80	0.532 70	0.569 28	0.557 16	0.576 21
天津Tianjin	0.503 62	0.508 69	0.499 71	0.490 50	0.560 45	0.603 26	0.599 39
河北Hebei	0.412 45	0.422 41	0.422 86	0.453 71	0.490 82	0.512 00	0.517 91
山西Shanxi	0.345 40	0.346 93	0.366 82	0.388 55	0.399 07	0.423 77	0.418 30
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.354 06	0.359 78	0.372 22	0.394 29	0.424 00	0.427 23	0.448 67
辽宁Liaoning	0.370 00	0.383 76	0.414 58	0.457 33	0.494 16	0.479 65	0.467 45
吉林Jilin	0.343 37	0.341 83	0.368 34	0.410 04	0.459 64	0.469 89	0.487 13
黑龙江Heilongjiang	0.341 76	0.351 70	0.361 72	0.389 55	0.445 37	0.439 18	0.466 50
上海Shanghai	0.379 91	0.397 76	0.409 28	0.458 03	0.491 35	0.506 51	0.567 17
江苏Jiangsu	0.397 46	0.407 19	0.412 95	0.452 77	0.503 56	0.553 43	0.595 23
浙江Zhejiang	0.392 38	0.395 57	0.413 15	0.451 36	0.506 61	0.540 36	0.576 66
安徽Anhui	0.346 58	0.344 18	0.360 61	0.389 75	0.424 59	0.466 61	0.498 61
福建Fujian	0.348 40	0.341 11	0.345 49	0.391 92	0.443 64	0.489 52	0.533 19
江西Jiangxi	0.356 77	0.354 90	0.374 92	0.417 59	0.465 72	0.461 07	0.487 70
山东Shandong	0.363 99	0.356 44	0.376 27	0.434 21	0.482 98	0.523 58	0.549 27
河南Henan	0.369 72	0.362 41	0.373 18	0.388 10	0.418 75	0.447 17	0.467 47
湖北Hubei	0.312 69	0.309 37	0.315 86	0.361 50	0.408 77	0.470 02	0.513 37
湖南Hunan	0.346 91	0.352 78	0.356 81	0.407 63	0.445 00	0.490 86	0.518 28
广东Guangdong	0.358 79	0.354 86	0.362 82	0.388 44	0.424 94	0.448 89	0.486 93
广西Guangxi	0.330 10	0.326 59	0.337 74	0.358 54	0.386 46	0.422 27	0.444 31
海南Hainan	0.355 69	0.345 21	0.338 20	0.322 56	0.373 40	0.389 65	0.457 20
重庆Chongqing	0.300 72	0.310 44	0.302 56	0.331 29	0.365 13	0.400 86	0.430 08
四川Sichuan	0.322 73	0.341 93	0.358 55	0.370 19	0.400 22	0.431 00	0.451 71
贵州Guizhou	0.315 28	0.306 47	0.300 27	0.337 72	0.369 26	0.392 55	0.413 18
云南Yunnan	0.309 19	0.312 90	0.323 91	0.338 94	0.359 96	0.372 29	0.391 75
西藏Tibet	0.330 18	0.366 67	0.408 44	0.408 08	0.436 98	0.456 68	0.474 71
陕西Shaanxi	0.304 83	0.309 83	0.320 31	0.343 08	0.373 42	0.398 95	0.413 83
甘肃Gansu	0.289 39	0.294 59	0.300 27	0.357 97	0.364 07	0.387 21	0.374 29
青海Qinghai	0.370 20	0.385 03	0.382 78	0.401 69	0.427 67	0.430 34	0.461 23
宁夏Ningxia	0.335 42	0.352 41	0.348 69	0.367 88	0.385 71	0.416 06	0.427 31
新疆Xinjiang	0.342 30	0.368 22	0.340 04	0.364 77	0.393 21	0.417 20	0.439 46

区域Region	2000	2003	2006	2009	2012	2015	2018
全国Nation wide	0.355 39	0.360 01	0.369 42	0.398 73	0.435 30	0.458 88	0.482 40
北京Beijing	0.466 91	0.448 33	0.482 80	0.532 70	0.569 28	0.557 16	0.576 21
天津Tianjin	0.503 62	0.508 69	0.499 71	0.490 50	0.560 45	0.603 26	0.599 39
河北Hebei	0.412 45	0.422 41	0.422 86	0.453 71	0.490 82	0.512 00	0.517 91
山西Shanxi	0.345 40	0.346 93	0.366 82	0.388 55	0.399 07	0.423 77	0.418 30
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.354 06	0.359 78	0.372 22	0.394 29	0.424 00	0.427 23	0.448 67
辽宁Liaoning	0.370 00	0.383 76	0.414 58	0.457 33	0.494 16	0.479 65	0.467 45
吉林Jilin	0.343 37	0.341 83	0.368 34	0.410 04	0.459 64	0.469 89	0.487 13
黑龙江Heilongjiang	0.341 76	0.351 70	0.361 72	0.389 55	0.445 37	0.439 18	0.466 50
上海Shanghai	0.379 91	0.397 76	0.409 28	0.458 03	0.491 35	0.506 51	0.567 17
江苏Jiangsu	0.397 46	0.407 19	0.412 95	0.452 77	0.503 56	0.553 43	0.595 23
浙江Zhejiang	0.392 38	0.395 57	0.413 15	0.451 36	0.506 61	0.540 36	0.576 66
安徽Anhui	0.346 58	0.344 18	0.360 61	0.389 75	0.424 59	0.466 61	0.498 61
福建Fujian	0.348 40	0.341 11	0.345 49	0.391 92	0.443 64	0.489 52	0.533 19
江西Jiangxi	0.356 77	0.354 90	0.374 92	0.417 59	0.465 72	0.461 07	0.487 70
山东Shandong	0.363 99	0.356 44	0.376 27	0.434 21	0.482 98	0.523 58	0.549 27
河南Henan	0.369 72	0.362 41	0.373 18	0.388 10	0.418 75	0.447 17	0.467 47
湖北Hubei	0.312 69	0.309 37	0.315 86	0.361 50	0.408 77	0.470 02	0.513 37
湖南Hunan	0.346 91	0.352 78	0.356 81	0.407 63	0.445 00	0.490 86	0.518 28
广东Guangdong	0.358 79	0.354 86	0.362 82	0.388 44	0.424 94	0.448 89	0.486 93
广西Guangxi	0.330 10	0.326 59	0.337 74	0.358 54	0.386 46	0.422 27	0.444 31
海南Hainan	0.355 69	0.345 21	0.338 20	0.322 56	0.373 40	0.389 65	0.457 20
重庆Chongqing	0.300 72	0.310 44	0.302 56	0.331 29	0.365 13	0.400 86	0.430 08
四川Sichuan	0.322 73	0.341 93	0.358 55	0.370 19	0.400 22	0.431 00	0.451 71
贵州Guizhou	0.315 28	0.306 47	0.300 27	0.337 72	0.369 26	0.392 55	0.413 18
云南Yunnan	0.309 19	0.312 90	0.323 91	0.338 94	0.359 96	0.372 29	0.391 75
西藏Tibet	0.330 18	0.366 67	0.408 44	0.408 08	0.436 98	0.456 68	0.474 71
陕西Shaanxi	0.304 83	0.309 83	0.320 31	0.343 08	0.373 42	0.398 95	0.413 83
甘肃Gansu	0.289 39	0.294 59	0.300 27	0.357 97	0.364 07	0.387 21	0.374 29
青海Qinghai	0.370 20	0.385 03	0.382 78	0.401 69	0.427 67	0.430 34	0.461 23
宁夏Ningxia	0.335 42	0.352 41	0.348 69	0.367 88	0.385 71	0.416 06	0.427 31
新疆Xinjiang	0.342 30	0.368 22	0.340 04	0.364 77	0.393 21	0.417 20	0.439 46

年份 Year	农业高质量发展水平 Agricultural high-quality development level	省级行政区 Provincial administrative region
2000	高水平High level	北京Beijing、天津Tianjin
	中高水平Medium to high level	河北Hebei
	中低水平Low to medium level	辽宁Liaoning、山东Shandong、江苏Jiangsu、上海Shanghai、浙江Zhejiang、河南Henan、青海Qinghai
	低水平Low level	黑龙江Heilongjiang、吉林Jilin、福建Fujian、广东Guangdong、山西Shanxi、安徽Anhui、江西Jiangxi、湖北Hubei、湖南Hunan、内蒙古Inner Mongolia、甘肃Gansu、宁夏Ningxia、陕西Shaanxi、四川Sichuan、重庆Chongqing、贵州Guizhou、广西Guangxi、云南Yunnan、新疆Xinjiang、西藏Tibet、海南Hainan
2006	高水平High level	北京Beijing、天津Tianjin
	中高水平Medium to high level	辽宁Liaoning、河北Hebei、江苏Jiangsu、上海Shanghai、浙江Zhejiang、西藏Tibet
	中低水平Low to medium level	黑龙江Heilongjiang、吉林Jilin、山东Shandong、广东Guangdong、山西Shanxi、河南Henan、安徽Anhui、江西Jiangxi、内蒙古Inner Mongolia、青海Qinghai
	低水平Low level	福建Fujian、湖北Hubei、湖南Hunan、甘肃Gansu、宁夏Ningxia、陕西Shaanxi、四川Sichuan、重庆Chongqing、贵州Guizhou、广西Guangxi、云南Yunnan、新疆Xinjiang、海南Hainan
年份 Year	农业高质量发展水平 Agricultural high-quality development level	省级行政区 Provincial administrative region
2012	高水平High level	吉林Jilin、辽宁Liaoning、河北Hebei、北京Beijing、天津Tianjin、山东Shandong、江苏Jiangsu、上海Shanghai、浙江Zhejiang、江西Jiangxi
	中高水平Medium to high level	黑龙江Heilongjiang、福建Fujian、广东Guangdong、山西Shanxi、河南Henan、安徽Anhui、湖北Hubei、湖南Hunan、四川Sichuan、青海Qinghai、西藏Tibet、内蒙古Inner Mongolia
	中低水平Low to medium level	新疆Xinjiang、甘肃Gansu、宁夏Ningxia、陕西Shaanxi、重庆Chongqing、贵州Guizhou、云南Yunnan、广西Guangxi、海南Hainan
	低水平Low level	—
2018	高水平High level	黑龙江Heilongjiang、吉林Jilin、辽宁Liaoning、河北Hebei、北京Beijing、天津Tianjin、山东Shandong、江苏Jiangsu、上海Shanghai、浙江Zhejiang、福建Fujian、广东Guangdong、河南Henan、安徽Anhui、湖北Hubei、湖南Hunan、江西Jiangxi、青海Qinghai、西藏Tibet、海南Hainan
	中高水平Medium to high level	山西Shanxi、新疆Xinjiang、内蒙古Inner Mongolia、宁夏Ningxia、陕西Shaanxi、重庆Chongqing、贵州Guizhou、广西Guangxi、四川Sichuan
	中低水平Low to medium level	甘肃Gansu、云南Yunnan
	低水平Low level	—

Spatial-temporal characteristics and coordination of agricultural high-quality development in China

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年份Year	I	Z	P	年份Year	I	Z	P
2018	0.611	5.581	<0.001	2008	0.508	7.786	<0.001
2017	0.535	4.939	<0.001	2007	0.509	4.787	<0.001
2016	0.579	5.340	<0.001	2006	0.552	5.222	<0.001
2015	0.577	5.342	<0.001	2005	0.564	5.373	<0.001
2014	0.601	5.519	<0.001	2004	0.567	5.397	<0.001
2013	0.604	5.549	<0.001	2003	0.552	5.381	<0.001
2012	0.597	5.501	<0.001	2002	0.573	5.653	<0.001
2011	0.570	5.262	<0.001	2001	0.568	5.516	<0.001
2010	0.562	5.236	<0.001	2000	0.613	5.995	<0.001
2009	0.559	5.217	<0.001

地区Region	2000	2003	2006	2009	2012	2015	2018
全国Nation wide	0.202 83	0.206 19	0.269 48	0.354 71	0.471 94	0.490 62	0.490 83
北京Beijing	0.477 61	0.636 61	0.688 27	0.561 25	0.574 23	0.583 79	0.607 67
天津Tianjin	0.396 52	0.453 83	0.529 79	0.576 75	0.677 14	0.625 03	0.562 33
河北Hebei	0.205 06	0.262 82	0.327 69	0.418 38	0.539 48	0.548 72	0.558 21
山西Shanxi	0.022 14	0.003 96	0.147 30	0.290 61	0.438 28	0.486 66	0.439 73
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.076 69	0.033 79	0.045 49	0.223 11	0.392 93	0.424 46	0.455 56
辽宁Liaoning	0.185 66	0.286 32	0.470 67	0.642 22	0.631 79	0.608 94	0.545 32
吉林Jilin	0.027 62	0.001 33	0.160 59	0.345 18	0.483 41	0.484 09	0.487 51
黑龙江Heilongjiang	0.043 29	0.020 08	0.118 03	0.184 76	0.297 41	0.247 25	0.273 68
上海Shanghai	0.512 75	0.631 22	0.623 13	0.519 17	0.707 87	0.663 71	0.679 65
江苏Jiangsu	0.262 98	0.374 75	0.498 43	0.671 20	0.645 59	0.621 24	0.602 92
浙江Zhejiang	0.238 49	0.288 70	0.419 33	0.573 81	0.621 12	0.561 16	0.524 49
安徽Anhui	0.071 78	0.050 35	0.210 91	0.376 78	0.527 65	0.519 68	0.529 78
福建Fujian	0.334 38	0.364 55	0.448 79	0.650 62	0.675 97	0.619 71	0.583 70
江西Jiangxi	0.065 31	0.039 95	0.272 75	0.448 33	0.548 81	0.568 57	0.532 09
山东Shandong	0.287 72	0.329 15	0.484 94	0.621 86	0.686 69	0.671 87	0.696 53
河南Henan	0.188 63	0.163 20	0.321 83	0.457 31	0.603 29	0.614 31	0.618 91
湖北Hubei	0.093 04	0.123 06	0.254 40	0.470 17	0.648 36	0.620 15	0.629 36
湖南Hunan	0.083 88	0.112 37	0.245 63	0.432 74	0.599 79	0.624 08	0.627 86
广东Guangdong	0.306 23	0.367 63	0.503 73	0.618 91	0.678 97	0.641 94	0.611 48
广西Guangxi	0.032 19	0.026 84	0.144 84	0.304 84	0.441 99	0.531 44	0.533 33
海南Hainan	0.152 22	0.212 18	0.388 09	0.541 83	0.504 52	0.430 60	0.419 58
重庆Chongqing	0.077 29	0.103 73	0.062 47	0.165 55	0.339 70	0.406 62	0.426 64
四川Sichuan	0.098 10	0.031 87	0.105 24	0.241 23	0.332 26	0.371 66	0.362 40
贵州Guizhou	0.227 97	0.283 79	0.299 04	0.045 71	0.165 04	0.291 53	0.323 98
云南Yunnan	0.287 66	0.255 96	0.132 12	0.035 73	0.241 97	0.311 41	0.348 68
西藏Tibet	0.549 01	0.298 52	0.009 31	0.089 66	0.027 27	0.092 25	0.127 53
陕西Shaanxi	0.207 64	0.189 65	0.086 16	0.140 69	0.473 28	0.550 30	0.580 55
甘肃Gansu	0.318 33	0.285 74	0.175 00	0.112 51	0.312 53	0.420 96	0.370 13
青海Qinghai	0.088 36	0.018 31	0.007 42	0.035 41	0.260 13	0.322 14	0.350 83
宁夏Ningxia	0.127 17	0.045 17	0.031 66	0.111 62	0.276 21	0.362 70	0.367 03
新疆Xinjiang	0.241 85	0.096 38	0.140 90	0.088 04	0.276 55	0.382 24	0.438 40

[1]	WU Haoyue, HUANG Hanjiao, HE Yanqiu, CHEN Wenkuan. Evaluation and spatial correlation of cultivated land utilization efficiency under net carbon emission constraint of China [J]. , 2019, 31(9): 1563-1574.
[2]	ZHANG Li-ping;LIU Xue-lu*;MA Xiao-jing. Evaluation of land intensive use in development zones of Gansu province based on coordination degree model [J]. , 2012, 24(5): 0-897.