Abstract:

In addition to being an energy source, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) can also be used as a signal molecule to induce inflammation in hepatocytes and endometrial cells. However, it is not clear whether BHBA can also induce inflammation in bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs). BAMs were treated with different concentrations of BHBA for 12 and 24 h, respectively. The survival rate of BAMs was measured by CCK-8 method. BAMs were treated with 4 mmol·L ^-1 BHBA for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h and 0, 1, 2, 4 mmol·L^-1 BHBA for 12 h. The mRNA expressions of GPR109A, p38MAPK, NF-κB and PPARγ were detected by qRT-PCR, and the concentrations of 1L-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. The 1, 2 and 4 mmol·L ^-1 BHBA had no adverse effect on the survival rate of BAMs. With in a certain time and concentration range, the mRNA expression of GPR109A, p38MAPK and NF-κB, and the concentrations of 1L-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were time and dose-dependent (P<0.01). However, PPARγ mRNA expression was significantly increased at 3 and 6 h (P<0.01), and then down regulated. PPARγ mRNA expression was only significantly changed in 2 mmol·L ^-1 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, BHBA can promote the secretion and release of proinflammatory cytokines in BAMs, leading to the occurrence of inflammation.

Key words: β-hydroxybutyrate, bovine alveolar macrophages, proinflammatory cytokine