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25 February 2022, Volume 34 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Science
Animal Science
Horticultural Science
Plant Protection
Environmental Science
Food Science
Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products
Biosystems Engineening
Agricultural Economy and Development


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Contents 2022, 34(2):  0-0.  Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (1053KB) ( 589 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Crop Science

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Identification of soybean PP2C family genes and transcriptome analysis in response to salt stress YANG Xinxia, TANG Mansheng, ZHANG Bin 2022, 34(2):  207-220.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.01 Abstract ( 2031 )   HTML ( 1108345219 )   PDF (13248KB) ( 1666 )   Protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) plays important roles in response to environmental stress by affecting a variety of biological processes in plants. In order to explore the function of members of PP2C family of cultivated soybeans in salt stress, PP2C family of cultivated soybeans was systematically explored through bioinformatics and transcriptom analysis. A total of 126 PP2C members were identified in this study and were divided into 11 subfamilies, and PP2Cs in the same subfamily have similar gene and protein structures. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that 9 GmPP2Cs were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress, of which GmPP2C41, GmPP2C48, GmPP2C72, GmPP2C84, GmPP2C89, GmPP2C107 and GmPP2C113 were up-regulated after salt treatment, while GmPP2C27 and GmPP2C114 were down-regulated. qRT-PCR results showed that GmPP2C89 and GmPP2C113 had the highest expression level at 6 h after salt treatment. GO enrichment analysis found that the nine DEGs mainly had ion binding and phosphatase activity. The Y2H results showed that GmPP2C113 and GmPP2C47 could interact. Therefore, the above results would provide a theoretical basis for further research on the functions and molecular mechanisms of soybean PP2C family members in response to salt stress and provide important candidate genes for the genetic improvement of soybean salt tolerance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression analysis of bZIP G subfamily genes in maize JIA Liqiang, ZHAO Qiufang, CHEN Shu, DING Bo 2022, 34(2):  221-231.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.02 Abstract ( 903 )   HTML ( 53761 )   PDF (2190KB) ( 1301 )   To explore the effect of various abiotic stresses on expression pattern of ZmbZIP, maize inbreed line Zheng58 was adopted as test materials, and five abiotic stresses (200 mmol·L -1 NaCl, 20% PEG6000, 4 ℃ low temperature, nitrate or ammonium deficiency stresses) were set, and expression of G group genes of bZIP family were systematically detected. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that G group genes were subdivided into 3 subgroups. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 15 ZmbZIP genes had different expression pattern in various maize tissues, indicating their important roles during growth and development process in maize. Under different stresses of simulated salt, drought, low temperature and nitrogen deficiency, 20 ZmbZIP genes were widely regulated, indicating that most of those genes were involved in response to stress signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and promoter sequence analysis of NaD1 gene in Nicotiana alata GONG Weiwei, ZHAO Yichen, LUO Xianlin, YANG Lingling, ZHAO Degang 2022, 34(2):  232-239.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.03 Abstract ( 550 )   HTML ( 115711 )   PDF (1007KB) ( 1039 )   Nicotiala alata defensin 1 (NaD1) is a plant defensin in the flowers of Nicotiana alata, which has defense activity against many pathogenic fungi and plays an important role in the natural defense immune system. In this study, the expression levels of NaD1 gene in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and leaves at root extension stage, vigorous growth stage and mature stage were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression level of NaD1 gene in flowers was significantly higher than that in other tissues, and the expression of NaD1 gene in leaves firstly increased and then decreased during the growth and development of plants. In addition, 644 bp upstream of NaD1 gene 5' end was cloned by thermal asymmetric cross PCR. The transcription initiation site and motif element of NaD1 gene were analyzed by BDGP and Plant CARE online software. It was found that the promoter contained basic promoter elements and other cis acting elements, such as light response element box-Ⅰ, ethylene response element ERE and fungal induction response element TGACG-motif. It was found that NaD1 gene expression increased significantly with the increase of dark treatment time, and decreased significantly with the increase of light treatment time, which was corresponded to the light response element box-Ⅰ in the promoter. Two plant expression vectors pCAMBIA1391z-pNaD1-644∶∶GUS and pCAMBIA1391z-pNaD1-310∶∶GUS were constructed by 5' promoter deletion analysis. Transgenic tobacco containing -644-1 bp and -310-1 bp promoter fragments were obtained by genetic transformation. GUS staining showed that the core region of NaD1 gene promoter was -310-1 bp, it laid a foundation for further study on the function and transcriptional regulation mechanism of NaD1 gene. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of rhizosphere soil extract of Qingshui alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on enzyme activities and microbial communities in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping potato YUAN Wenya, KANG Yichen, YANG Xinyu, ZHNAG Ruyan, ZHOU Chuntao, WANG Yong, CHEN Xipeng, YU Huifang, QIN Shuhao 2022, 34(2):  240-247.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.04 Abstract ( 610 )   HTML ( 50687 )   PDF (1518KB) ( 1204 )   In order to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of potato, a pot experiment was carried out with Xindaping potato as the test material. Five different ratios of 4-year-old Qingshui alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)rhizosphere soil extracts and water mixed solution (1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1, 4∶1, 5∶1) were set as treatments, and the control group(CK) was irrigated with the same amount of water. Effects of different concentrations of Qingshui alfalfa rhizosphere soil extracts on enzyme activities and microbial communities in continuous cropping potato rhizosphere soil environment was explored. The results showed that catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities in soil treated with the mixed solution (4∶1) were enhanced by 10.14% and 47.65% compared with CK. Compared with CK, number of anaerobic autogenic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria increased by 54.80% and 36.78% and the potato yield was improved by 10.52%. Treated with mixed solution (3∶1), activities of urease and sucrase in soil were increased by 51.70% and 55.27% compared with CK. Compared with the CK, number of bacteria, actinomycetes and aerobic autogenic nitrogen-fixing bacteria were improved by 7.77%, 58.91% and 47.57%. And the number of fungi was significantly reduced, 12.42% lower than CK.Soil catalase activity of the mixed solution of 1∶1 was only lower than that of the mixed solution of 4∶1, and number of aerobic autogenic nitrogen-fixing bacteria was only lower than that of the mixed solution of 3∶1. Considering all these indicators, effect of treatment with mixed solution 2∶1 and 5∶1 were relatively poor. Different concentrations of Qingshui alfalfa soil extracts might increase enzyme activity and the number of some microorganisms, and reduce the number of fungi in potato rhizosphere soil environment. Thus, microbial community structure might be effectively ameliorated in the rhizosphere soil environment, thereby alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of potato, and improving potato yield. Moreover, mixed solution with (4∶1) had the best effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of biochar application combined with nitrogen reduction on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize CUI Wenfang, CHEN Jing, LU Fukuan, QIN Li, QIN Dezhi, WANG Liping, GAO Julin 2022, 34(2):  248-254.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.05 Abstract ( 698 )   HTML ( 19968 )   PDF (644KB) ( 1185 )   In order to explore the optimal nitrogen reduction amount and nitrogen use efficiency of N-efficient maize variety, N-efficient maize variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD) and N-inefficient variety Xianyu 508 (XY) were adopted as test materials in the present study. The split zone test design was introduced with nitrogen rate as the main zone and maize variety as the secondary zone. For the main zone, 5 treatments were designed: C0, N rate of 300 kg·hm-2 without biochar application; C1, N rate of 300 kg·hm-2 with 3 000 kg·hm-2 biochar application; C2, N rate of 255 kg·hm-2 with 3 000 kg·hm-2 biochar application; C3, N rate of 210 kg·hm-2 with 3 000 kg·hm-2 biochar application; C4, N rate of 165 kg·hm-2 with 3 000 kg·hm-2 biochar application. It was shown that, judged from nitrogen use efficiency and yield, the proper N rate was 165-210 kg·hm-2 with biochar application for ZD. In other words, nitrogen reduction potential for ZD was 90-135 kg·hm-2 under the given condition, and the nitrogen use efficiency could be elevated by 52.8%-93.3% compared with C0 treatment. Besides, the nitrogen accumulation in grains were mainly transferred from root system at anthesis stage under N rate of 165-210 kg·hm-2 with 3 000 kg·hm-2 biochar application for ZD. In general, proper nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application could exert the advantages of N-efficient variety in nitrogen uptake and utilization, hence to stabilize maize yield with higher nitrogen reduction rate. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Animal Science

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Effects of Chenopodium quinoa in diets on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ index and intestinal morphology of Luhua chickens WU Tao, WEI Yuming, JIANG Xiaofan, HUANG Jie, YANG Farong, CHEN Guoshun, CAI Yuan, JIAO Ting, ZHAO Shenguo 2022, 34(2):  255-265.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.06 Abstract ( 673 )   HTML ( 658 )   PDF (1045KB) ( 1070 )   To investigate effects of quinoa supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ index and intestinal morphology of Luhua chickens, a total of 150 healthy 49-day-old Luhua chickens were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates per group and ten chickens per replicate. Four quinoa supplemental levels were set, 4% (Q4), 8% (Q8), 12% (Q12) quinoa seed (raw grain) and 12% quinoa bran (QS) were added into the current diet, and no quinoa raw material was used as control group (CK). The feeding experiment lasted for 75 days.Growth performance, slaughter performance, organ index and intestinal morphology were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with CK, 1) final body weight of group Q4 was significantly increased by 5.23% (P<0.05), diarrhea rate in Q8 and Q12 groups decreased by 47.7% and 52.3%, respectively, while that in QS group increased by 196%, mortality rate in all experimental groups was lower than that in CK. 2) After the end of the experiment, live body weight of Q8 group increased by 4.65% (P<0.05), slaughter percentage in Q4, Q8 and QS groups were increased by 3.29%, 3.73% and 3.54% (P<0.05), respectively; half eviscerated percentage in Q8 and Q12 groups was increased by 5.12% and 3.82 (P<0.05), respectively, and eviscerated percentage in Q8 group was increased by 4.81% (P<0.05). 3) Renal index in QS group was significantly higher than that in CK (P<0.05), and thymus index in Q8 and QS groups was 2.00 times and 2.18 times of CK, respectively (P<0.05). 4) Villus height of jejunum and ileum, ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) and duodenum villus height of QS group were significantly higher than those of CK (P<0.05), Crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in Q4 group and QS group were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in CK. 5) Economic benefit analysis results showed that the gross profit per chicken of Q4 and QS groups was 1.75 yuan and 1.58 yuan higher than that of CK, respectively. Addition of quinoa seed and quinoa bran in diet could significantly improve growth performance and slaughter performance of Luhua chickens, and also had certain effects on improving organ index and intestinal morphology, and 4% quinoa seed had better economic benefit. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a high temperature resistant family and determination of antioxidant capacity of razor clam Sinonovacula constricta SHEN Benlong, XUE Baobao, MENG Delong, SHEN Heding 2022, 34(2):  266-274.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.07 Abstract ( 610 )   HTML ( 68 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 862 )   In order to continue to select the new high-temperature tolerant varieties s of razor clam Sinonovacula constricta Shenzhe No. 1, 16 full-sib families were established in the early stage of this experiment, and the growth of each family was recorded on the 2, 8, 12, 24, and 36 days. In the spat stage, 3 families of longer shell length and 3 families of shorter shell length were selected, and a total of 6 families were selected to the semi-lethal temperature experiment and determination of antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the survival rate of family 6 and 14 was significantly higher than that of other families at the spat stage, and the survival rate of family 14 was the highest. In the semi-lethal temperature test, the semi-lethal temperature of family 16 reached the highest of 36.64 ℃, and there was a significant difference in the semi-lethal temperature between families with long shell length and families with short shell length (P<0.05). Peroxidase (POD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH) increased with the increase of temperature. The three antioxidant indices of families with longer shell length were significantly higher than those of families with shorter shell length at high temperature (P<0.05). Through family selection and high temperature experiments, the offspring with resistance to high temperature were selected, and the determination of antioxidant capacity proved the necessity of family selection from the perspective of physiology and biochemistry. After comprehensively evaluating the shell length, survival rate and heat tolerance data of each family, it is finally determined that family 14 was the best family suitable for production, and family 15, family 16 could be used as candidate families. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on difference of soil bacterial community structure in different groups of Holstein dairy cow barns YANG Sirui, YANG Zhuo, HUO Miao, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Lili, LI Shengli, XU Xiaofeng 2022, 34(2):  275-283.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.08 Abstract ( 647 )   HTML ( 2097 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 1066 )   In order to understand the differences of soil bacterial flora structure in different groups of Holstein dairy cows, soil samples were collected from different groups of cow barns in a large-scale Holstein dairy farm in Ningxia, and the bacterial flora structure was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that there was no significant difference between OTU number and Alpha diversity of soil bacterial flora in different groups of cow barns (P>0.05). The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there were obviously differences in Beta diversity of soil bacterial flora in different groups of cow barns, and the structure of bacterial flora in the soil of high-yielding lactating cow barns was similar to that of low-yielding lactating cow barns. The dominant bacteria (relative abundance>10%) at phylum level in different groups of cow barn soil were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The abundance of Actinobacteria in lactating cow barn soil was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The abundance of Tenericutes and Gemmatimonadates in pre-weaned calf hutch soil was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0. 01). The dominant bacteria (relative abundance>3%) in the soil of different groups of cow barns were obviously different at the genus level. Among these dominant bacteria, protein-degrading bacteria such as Proteiniphilum, Fermentimonas and Truepera had more abundance in the soil of cow barns at the non-lactation stage; the saline-alkali tolerant bacteria such as Desulfobacterium, Halomonas and Thioalkalispira had more abundance in the soil of dry cow barns and post-weaned calf barns. Pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter and Sphingobacterium had more abundance in the soil of high-yielding lactating cow barns. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of sulfamonomethoxine on bacterial community structure in feces of laying hens WANG Jingge, JI Xiaofeng, WU Jing, YANG Hua, TANG Biao, DING Bao'an 2022, 34(2):  284-292.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.09 Abstract ( 724 )   HTML ( 146 )   PDF (1912KB) ( 1006 )   In order to explore the effects of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) addition into the drinking water during breeding on the structure of fecal bacterial community of laying hens, a total of 260 Hailan brown laying hens were randomly divided into two groups (group A1: no SMM was added into drinking water; group B1: SMM was added into drinking water), and fresh feces were collected on the 5th day of feeding. Then, no SMM was added in group B1, and this group was renamed as group B2, and group A1 was renamed as A2 (as the control of group B2), and fresh feces were collected again after 7 days of feeding. The total DNA was extracted and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq platform. Based on the variable region of V3-V4 of 16S rDNA, diversity and fecal microbial community structure were analyzed. The addition of SMM reduced the bacterial diversity and richness of the laying hens, but the abundance of Lactobacillus and Acinetobacter were significantly (P<0.05) increased. One week after stopping SMM addtiion, the bacterial diversity and richness of the laying hens recovered, and the abundance of Acinetobacter was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. It was concluded that feeding SMM could change the structure of the intestinal community of laying hens, yet the intestinal community could recover after discontinuation of SMM feeding. The results increased insight into the harm of antibiotics and provided references for the standard use of antibiotics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate on proinflammatory cytokine production in bovine alveolar macrophages XIA Qing, CAI Dongjie, FANG Jing, WANG Zhisheng, DENG Junliang, YI Jun, ZUO Zhicai 2022, 34(2):  293-299.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.10 Abstract ( 628 )   HTML ( 1585 )   PDF (677KB) ( 978 )   In addition to being an energy source, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) can also be used as a signal molecule to induce inflammation in hepatocytes and endometrial cells. However, it is not clear whether BHBA can also induce inflammation in bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs). BAMs were treated with different concentrations of BHBA for 12 and 24 h, respectively. The survival rate of BAMs was measured by CCK-8 method. BAMs were treated with 4 mmol·L -1 BHBA for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h and 0, 1, 2, 4 mmol·L-1 BHBA for 12 h. The mRNA expressions of GPR109A, p38MAPK, NF-κB and PPARγ were detected by qRT-PCR, and the concentrations of 1L-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. The 1, 2 and 4 mmol·L -1 BHBA had no adverse effect on the survival rate of BAMs. With in a certain time and concentration range, the mRNA expression of GPR109A, p38MAPK and NF-κB, and the concentrations of 1L-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were time and dose-dependent (P<0.01). However, PPARγ mRNA expression was significantly increased at 3 and 6 h (P<0.01), and then down regulated. PPARγ mRNA expression was only significantly changed in 2 mmol·L -1 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, BHBA can promote the secretion and release of proinflammatory cytokines in BAMs, leading to the occurrence of inflammation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of biological characteristics of Acinetobacter pittii from respiratory tract of beef cattle FAN Lihong, WANG Zhisheng, ZUO Zhicai, CAI Dongjie, YI Jun, MA Xiaoping, GOU Liping, WANG Wei 2022, 34(2):  300-309.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.11 Abstract ( 724 )   HTML ( 3845 )   PDF (3378KB) ( 957 )   In order to explore the differences in biological characteristics of Acinetobacter pittii isolated from respiratory tract of beef cattle in Nanchong, Yibin, and Shifang in Sichuan Province, five strains of Acinetobacter pittii were studied by bacterial staining, culture characteristics, biochemical test, 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence clustering analysis and MLST typing. The results showed that the mycelial morphology and the colonial morphology of 5 strains of Acinetobacter pittii on different media were similar. And the biochemical characteristics of the five strains were not completely consistent, which was mainly manifested in the citrate and arginine double hydrolysis test of ZZCSF1807-9, while malonate was negative, contrary to the other four strains. The 16S rDNA phylogenetic tree showed that all 5 strains were clustered in the same branch, while the gyrB phylogenetic tree showed that ZZCSF1807-9 was not in the same branch with the other 4 strains, and there was an evolutionary distance. MLST typing results showed that ZZCSF1807-9 was ST214, while the other 4 strains were the closest to ST321.The above results indicated that the five strains of Acinetobacter pittii derived from beef cattle with respiratory disease had certain differences in biochemical characteristic phenotype, gyrB gene and MLST type, and whether the differences were related to the environmental adaptation of each strain or the change in virulence remained to be further studied. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Horticultural Science

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Genetic diversity analysis of 151 cherry tomato resources in Guizhou Province PEI Yun, XU Xiuhong, LU Jinbiao, CHEN Amin, ZHANG Wanping 2022, 34(2):  310-316.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.12 Abstract ( 1129 )   HTML ( 8780 )   PDF (719KB) ( 1290 )   In this study, agronomic traits (13 quality traits and 11 quantitative traits) of 151 local cherry tomato resources in Guizhou were evaluated by variation level, genetic diversity, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that genetic diversity index of the quality traits was lower than quantitative traits, among the quality traits, Shannon-Wiener diversity index of leaf color was the highest.The highest quantitative trait was the longitudinal diameter of the fruit, the coefficient of variation of ventricular number was the highest (32.47%). The relationships between different traits were complex, the accumulative contribution rate of the first 7 main inflorescence types, fruit number of single inflorescence, stalk length, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit mass and leaf width was 67.633%, which included most of the information of all indexes. Based on phenotypic traits, 151 resources were divided into 9 groups at a genetic distance of 3.0 by systematic cluster intergroup polymerization. The first group contained 36 resources, which were mainly characterized by round fruit, early ripening and very early ripening. In group 8, No. 30 and No. 76 had strong growth ability and excellent performance; group 9 contained 17 resources, which were characterized by low single fruit weight and medium and late maturity. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and evaluation of agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits in wide handle mustard germplam resources MO Yanling, ZHANG Wenjing, LUO Yalan, ZENG Jing, CHEN Jingjing, LIU Yihua 2022, 34(2):  317-328.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.13 Abstract ( 1320 )   HTML ( 2753 )   PDF (3144KB) ( 1254 )   To fully dig excellent wide handle mustard resources, twenty wide handle mustard germplasm resources were used as the materials to identify their agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits, and the comprehensive evaluation of them were conducted by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that all the agronomic and nutritional quality traits exhibited certain differences in different resources. Variation coefficients of agronomic traits ranged from 8.57% to 35.89%, and that of nutritional quality traits ranged from 7.91% to 26.92%. Among the agronomic traits, variation coefficients of thickness of petiole and midrib (PMT) and fresh weight of petiole and midrib (PMFW) were the highest, and among the nutritional quality traits, that of free amino acid and total flavonoid were the highest, indicating that these traits had great difference in different resources and were with great potential to be improved. Correlation analysis showed that there was different degree of relevance between each trait. Except soluble sugar content, every trait was significantly correlated with at least one another trait. By principal component analysis, all the 17 traits could be gathered into 6 principal components which could explain 87.193% of the phenotypic variation. According to the comprehensive score of each material, Baobaoqingcai No.1 was showed as the best germplasm resource, followed by Huayeqingcai and Texuankuanyeqing. Based on cluster analysis, all the twenty materials could be classified into 5 groups. Resources in the first and the fourth groups performed well in most of the agronomic traits, exhibiting the potential to breed high-yield varieties, and resources in the second and third groups performed well in some nutritional quality traits, which could be used in the breeding direction of high nutritional quality varieties, while resources in the fifth group performed the worst and showed low utilized prospect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant Protection

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Cloning and expression analysis of AgoATPb gene in cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypi YANG Weijun, DONG Yanlei, WU Qiufang, ZHANG Meiling, HAN Libin, ZHANG Yuanchen 2022, 34(2):  329-336.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.14 Abstract ( 608 )   HTML ( 593 )   PDF (2584KB) ( 1058 )   To evaluate the effects of tissue, age and host plant on expression of ATP synthase subunit B gene (AgoATPb) of Aphis gossypii, cotton aphid was taken as the research object, full-length cDNA sequence of AgoATPb gene was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE (rapid amplification cDNA ends) technology, and the bioinformatics analysis was carried out using online tools such as Expasy and SignalP-4.0 Server. Expression level of AgoATPb gene was also studied by real-time quantitative PCR technology in different tissues and different day ages of cotton aphid and when feeding on different plants. Full-length cDNA sequence of AgoATPb gene was 1 247 bp, and its open reading frame (ORF) was 822 bp, encoding 273 amino acids. The 5' noncoding region and 3' noncoding region of AgoATPb gene were 128 bp and 297 bp, respectively. Theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of amino acid sequence coded by AgoATPb gene were 31.40 ku and 8.95, respectively. There were no signal peptide and no transmembrane region in AgoATPb.Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the sequence identity of AgoATPb with the homologous protein from other insect were between 47% and 99%. Apart from not expressed in the embryonic stage, AgoATPb gene was transcribed throughout all developmental stages and tissues of A. gossypii, but expression levels significantly differed among the developmental stages and among the different tissues. After feeding on different plants, the highest levels of AgoATPb expression were observed on cotton, followed by cucumber and zucchin, and the lowest expression levels was observed on melon. It was speculated that AgoATPb gene might be related to adaptation of cotton aphids to host plants. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of protoplast preparation and regeneration conditions of Stemphylium lycopersici GONG Weijie, LIU Hong, HUANG Ping, WANG Hui, ZHOU Qian 2022, 34(2):  337-342.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.15 Abstract ( 692 )   HTML ( 9479 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 1085 )   Protoplastpreparation conditions ofStemphylium lycopersiciwas optimizedusing strain CS 12 fromhypha age, enzyme species and concentration, enzyme combination, enzymolysis temperature and time, isotonic solutions, and the optimal regeneration medium. Theprotoplasm preparation and regeneration of S.lycopersici was successfully established by using mycelium cultured 36 h, 0.7 mol·L-1 NaCl solution as the osmotic stabilizer, 10 mg·mL-1Kitalase as enzymatic hydrolysate at 28℃ for 3.5 h, and the regeneration efficiency was the highest on the YEPS regeneration medium. The establishment of the protoplast preparation and regeneration of S.lycopersici laid foundation for further research on functional genomics and pathogenic mechanism of S.lycopersici. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environmental Science

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Isolation and identification of a Pseudomonas strain and its application potential in rape straw composting in Qinghai, China ZHANG Xinpeng, WANG Xin, SUN Jian, YI Guoyun, LI Songling 2022, 34(2):  343-351.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.16 Abstract ( 641 )   HTML ( 3075 )   PDF (1392KB) ( 1087 )   In order to accelerate the cellulose degradation of rape straw and improve the composting quality in Qinghai, China, a cellulose degrading strain was isolated from the soil of Beishan, Xining City, Qinghai Province, and was classified as the genus of Pseudomonas sp. Its carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) activity, exo-β-glucanases activity, and filter paper activity (FPA) were 25.35, 22.33, 20.58 U·mL -1, respectively. The strain was made into a liquid microbial inoculum and applied in a composting test at the rate of 10 mL·kg-1 as the experiment group. Compared with the control group without application of microbial inoculum, the stack of the experiment group heated up quickly and the high temperature lasted longer. At the end of composting, the pH value and electrical conductivity of the experiment group were within a reasonable range, the seed germination index of the experiment group was 90%, which met the maturity standard, the moisture content of the stack dropped to 30% below, and the contents of total nitrogen and organic matter were 1.39% and 49.16%, respectively. Therefore, the isolated strain could be used in the rape straw composting, which could both accelerate the rate and improve the quality of composting in Qinghai. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Food Science

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Effect controlled atmosphere storage on postharvest preservation of Dongkui bayberry CAI Jiye, FANG Xiangjun, HAN Yanchao, DING Yuting, CHEN Hangjun, WU Weijie, GAO Haiyan 2022, 34(2):  352-359.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.17 Abstract ( 572 )   HTML ( 9743 )   PDF (988KB) ( 1236 )   The effects of different controlled atmosphere storage conditions on the postharvest preservation of bayberry were studied. Dongkui bayberry were stored under 4 different controlled atmosphere conditions (air, 4%-6% O2+8%-10% CO2, 4%-6% O2+14%-16% CO2, 4%-6% O2+20%-22% CO2), during the storage process, the concentration of each gas was kept constant. The results indicated that after 25 days, the decay rate in the treatment of 4%-6% O2+14%-16% CO2 was 9%, especially that it showed the relatively stronger effect on slowing down the decrease of titratable acids, soluble solids, vitamin C, total phenols and anthocyanins contents. During the storage process, the controlled atmosphere storage was able to inhibit the increase of malondialdehyde content, maintain high peroxidase and catalase activities. The suitable storage condition for Dongkui bayberry was stored under the condition of low temperature of 0-2 ℃, relative humidity of 80%-90% and gas ratio of 4%-6% O2+14%-16% CO2 for 25 d. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of colorant and packaging on quality of Chinese sausage during storage ZHANG Yingping, TANG Honggang, LI Huanhuan, ZHANG Jin, CHEN Lihong, YANG Yeshuang, WANG Fulong, CHEN Yifan, ZHU Renjun 2022, 34(2):  360-369.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.18 Abstract ( 732 )   HTML ( 1090 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 984 )   In order to seek substitute of nitrite in Chinese sausage production, the effects of different colorants and packaging (bulk storage and vacuum packaging) on the quality of Chinese sausage during storage were investigated. Based on the adopted colorant in Chinse sausage production, four treatment groups were set: group B, control, no colorant was added; group N, 100 mg·kg-1 sodium nitrite was added; group G, glycated hemoglobin (G-Hb) andsodium isascorbate were added; group F, G-Hb and lycopene were added. The results showed that the color of Chinese sausage in group G was improved, but its color forming effect was no better than group N. Compared with group N,no negative effects of group G on the water actitivy, pH value, texture characteristics, malondialdehyde content, total number of bacterial colonies were found. Compared with bulk storgae, vacuum packaging was beneficial for the maintenance of Chinese sausage quality (color, water activity, texture characteristic, etc), and inhibit lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, it was feasible to use G-Hb and sodium isascorbate as substitute of nitrite in Chinese sausage production. At the same time, vacuum packaging should also be applied to better maintain the quality of Chinese sausage during storage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of hot water treatment on storage quality of Nanfengtangerine and heat transfer analysis ZHANG Na, ZHOU Muchuan, WANG Qinggang, DING Yuxian, CHEN Aiqiang 2022, 34(2):  370-377.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.19 Abstract ( 1611 )   HTML ( 7231 )   PDF (2571KB) ( 1068 )   In order to study the effects of different hot water treatment on the quality of Nanfeng tangerines in storage, the experiments of continuous hot water treatment and variable temperature hot water treatment were carried out,weight loss rate, acid content of soluble solids, hardness, skin structure and internal temperature characteristics during treatment were measured. The results showed that hot water treatment could significantly improve the freshness quality of the Nanfeng tangerines, but the advantage of variable temperature group was more obvious. At the end of storage, the weight loss rate and decay rate in the variable temperature group were significantly lower than those in the control group and the continuous treatment group, maintaining the good texture index, and inhibited the decrease of soluble solids and acid content. The skin structure was smooth without obvious spots.Through the analysis of tissue temperature, it is considered that the enhancement of heat transfer rate in the variable temperature treatment and the extension of treatment time in the continuous treatment were the key factors to improve its freshness quality. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

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Enrichment of trace elements in soil-tea system in Meitan tea area of Guizhou and origin traceability ZHANG Peng, YANG Xueyan, HONG Jing, ZHANG Yali, TIAN Xiaojing, ZHANG Fumei, CAO Hong, CHEN Shi’en, MA Zhongren, DING Gongtao, SONG Li, LUO Li 2022, 34(2):  378-390.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.20 Abstract ( 797 )   HTML ( 279060 )   PDF (2961KB) ( 1082 )   To study the migration and characteristics of trace elements in soil-tea system in Meitan tea area, Guizhou Province, tea leaves and soil from 12 villages including Xima Town and Yuquan Town in Meitan County were collected and contents of 11 trace elements including Ce, Co, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pr, Se and Zn were detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The results showed that average contents of Ni, Zn and other heavy metals in the soil were lower than the national limit standard, and the single pollution index (Pi) ≤1 and the index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) ≤0, indicated that Meitan tea area soil were not polluted. In addition, Meitan tea area met the requirements of selenium-rich soil, but the pollution indexes of Co, Pr and Ni were close to the pollution limit. Therefore, it was suggested that the tea area should reduce the emission of toxic and harmful substances containing Co, Pr and Ni, so as to solve the hidden danger of element pollution in the future and keep the soil clean. At the same time, according to the national standard, content of heavy metals in Meitan tea did not exceed the standard, and some tea areas in Meitan met the requirements of selenium-rich tea. It could also be seen that in the tea-soil-pH system, tea had positive or negative correlations with most elements in the upper and lower layers of soil, and pH value of the upper and lower layers of the soil was also positively or negatively correlated with contents of some elements in the soil. Enrichment ability of Mn element in the tea tree was strong, and the absorption of Mn element had a certain antagonistic effect on the absorption of Mg, Na, Ni, Pr, Co and Se. In this study, principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were used to study the characteristics of the upper and lower layers of soil and tea in Meitan tea area. It was found that both principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis could distinguish the tea leaves and soil in the 12 tea areas, which not only realized the differentiation of soil in different tea areas, but also distinguished the upper and lower layers of the soil in the same tea area, and the data points in the canonical discriminant analysis showed better aggregation. The above results indicated that there were differences in the contents of trace elements in tea leaves and soil in different regions of Meitan tea area, with obvious characteristics. In this study, the characteristics of trace elements in the soil-tea system in Meitan tea area were systematically explored to provide a basis for the enrichment, migration and origin traceability of trace elements in the soil-tea system in Meitan tea area in Guizhou Province. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biosystems Engineening

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Identification of fake Anoectochilus roxburghii based on Bayesian optimized convolutional neural network CHAI Qinqin, ZENG Jian, ZHANG Xun 2022, 34(2):  391-396.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.21 Abstract ( 624 )   HTML ( 19216 )   PDF (716KB) ( 1080 )   The phenomenon of mixing the same family of Anoectochilus roxburghii(A. roxburghii ) powder with the genus Anoectochilus formosanus or Goodyera schlechtendaliana, Ludisia discolor has seriously affected the drug efficacy and market order of A. roxburghii. Therefore, finding a fast and effective method to identify adulterated A. roxburghii is an urgent problem to be solved. In view of the shortcomings of the adaptive feature extraction of traditional identification methods and the difficulties of complex structure and difficult adjustment of super parameters of convolution neural network model, an adulterated A. roxburghii identification model based on 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was proposed in this paper, in which the Bayesian optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize its hyperparameters to realize automatic optimization and adjustment of the hyperparameters. Experimental results showed that the 1D-CNN model with hyperparameter optimization was more competitive than other traditional machine learning models. The proposed 1D-CNN model based on Bayesian optimization can quickly and effectively identify A. roxburghii and its counterfeits. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Agricultural Economy and Development

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Conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province, China: progress, problems and countermeasures GU Xingguo, MIN Qingwen, WANG Ying, WANG Bin 2022, 34(2):  397-408.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.22 Abstract ( 973 )   HTML ( 1078461706 )   PDF (4043KB) ( 1198 )   The agricultural heritage systems refer to the traditional agricultural production systems formed and inherited by the labor people in the long-term coordinated development with the environment, which have a long history, abundant biological resources, well-established technical systems, rich local culture and outstanding agricultural landscapes. Zhejiang Province is the first to carry out the conservation of agricultural heritage systems and possesses the largest number of recognized important agricultural heritage systems (IAHS) in China, including Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS). Zhejiang has made remarkable progress in the excavation and conservation of agricultural heritage systems. In order to sum up the experience and find the deficiencies, we comb the conservation and development process of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province, and analyze the spatial distribution and type distribution of the recognized IAHS and the agricultural heritage systems discovered through general surveys first. Then, based on the understanding and identification of various IAHS conservation practices in Zhejiang Province, four typical models are summarized, namely, government-driven model, multi-linkage model, industry-driven model and enterprise-driven model. Through further investigation, we find that there are still some deficiencies in the resource excavation, brand management, funding security, scientific and technological support, and propaganda for the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province. In response to these issues, we propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions such as carrying out a comprehensive survey of agricultural heritage systems, identifying provincial important agricultural heritage systems, improving the management system, strengthening scientific and technological support and capital investment, strengthening exchanges and propaganda, etc., to provide references for promoting the conversation and development of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on organic connection between smallholder farmers and modern agriculture from perspective of technological progress: based on panel data of 336 households of beekeepers at national micro fixed observation points CHEN Yongpeng, LUO Hui, ZHAO Zhijun 2022, 34(2):  409-418.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.23 Abstract ( 500 )   HTML ( 4239 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 809 )   Based on the stochastic frontier analysis framework, this study took apiculture as an example to conduct quantitative analysis on the technological progress rate and factor elasticity of 336 household beekeepers panel data from six periods of fixed observation points of the national apicutlture system from 2014 to 2019. From the perspective of technological progress, we deeply analyzed the degree of convergence between Chinese beekeepers and modern agriculture. It was found that the general technological progress rate of China’s apiculture was only 0.3% in 2014-2019, and the growth of the output value of apiculture was mainly dependent on the input of factors, and the connection level between smallholder beekeepers and modern agriculture was relatively low. Based on this, corresponding policy suggestions to promote their organic connection level were put forward.Firstly, strengthen the training of new professional beekeepers and improve their own level. Secondly, promote the research and development of cost-saving, efficiency and quality-improving beekeeping technologies. Finally, standardize the connection mechanism of risk and benefit sharing between beekeepers and cooperatives, and promote the formation of a high-quality and good price mechanism in the honey market. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics