Yield and quality characteristics of passion fruit under different cultivation modes in Fujian, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221826

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 134-147.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221826

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Yield and quality characteristics of passion fruit under different cultivation modes in Fujian, China

LIU Zhicheng¹(), YAN Liangwen¹, CHEN Yaoyao¹, OU Xueting²

1. Fruit and Vegetable Breeding Research Office, Longyan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
2. Culture and Tourism College, Minxi Vocational and Technical College, Longyan 364021, Fujian, China

Received:2022-12-26 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-02-18

Abstract

Abstract:

To explored the characteristics of field growth time, yield and quality related indexes of passion fruit under multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode and single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode, from 2020 to 2021, a field production trial of passion fruit was conducted. The main planting variety of the purple-fruited passion fruit Tainong No. 1 and the yellow-fruited passion fruit Balewei were selected as materials. The study observed and measured the flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality-related indicators of passion fruit under two cultivation modes. It also analyzed the correlation between fruit quality indicators and meteorological factors such as temperature and light during the fruit ripening period. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, the date for passion fruit plants to start budding, flowering, and fruit setting was later in the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode. The time required for fruit development and maturation was shortened, the flower and fruit setting rates significantly increased, and the coefficients of variation of the budding period, flowering rate, fruit development and maturation time, and fruit setting rate were all relatively low. The time from planting to harvest for Tainong No. 1 and Balewei was shortened by 69-71 d and 51-58 d, respectively, compared to the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode. 2) In terms of the total actual yield and its components, the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode resulted in significantly lower individual plant yields compared to the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode. All of its yield came from the primary vine, whereas the individual plant yield in the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode was composed of yields from the main vine, primary vine, secondary vine, and tertiary vine, and the proportions of yields from each level of vine varied. Compared with the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode led to a significant reduction in the number of fruit per plant, but a significant increase in the average fruit weight and the proportion of medium to large-sized fruit. 3) When compared with the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode led to a significant decrease in the total acid content of the fruit, whereas the fruit skin weight, juice volume, edibility rate, total sugar, and sugar-acid ratio increased. Moreover, the coefficients of variation of the values of the 7 indicators of fruit quality were relatively low, and there was a significant correlation between meteorological factors such as temperature and light and fruit quality. In summary, the passion fruit under the single-tier fruiting vine cultivation mode shortened the field growth time and exhibited superior characteristics in terms of flowering, fruiting, yield, and quality-related indicators compared to the multi-tiered fruiting vine cultivation mode, with relatively stable coefficients of variation for the various indicators.

Key words: passion fruit, multi-tiered fruiting vine, single-tier fruiting vine, cultivation mode, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S667.9

LIU Zhicheng, YAN Liangwen, CHEN Yaoyao, OU Xueting. Yield and quality characteristics of passion fruit under different cultivation modes in Fujian, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(1): 134-147.

Figures/Tables 12

References 34

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月份 Month	平均最高气温 Average maximum temperature/℃		平均最低气温 Average minimum temperature/℃		平均气温 Mean temperature/℃		日照时数 Sunshine duration/h		月降水量 Monthly precipitation/mm
月份 Month	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
3月March	22.20	25.29	15.10	15.19	17.69	19.83	163.88	210.70	0	13.8
4月April	24.10	27.05	14.47	17.66	18.82	21.23	199.20	174.30	26.7	87.2
5月May	31.18	31.45	22.02	22.66	25.65	26.22	237.50	260.89	81.1	228.3
6月June	32.13	31.08	24.09	24.56	27.74	26.55	320.40	213.51	206.1	35.5
7月July	35.42	34.44	25.37	24.32	29.49	28.09	290.52	264.22	120.2	147.6
8月August	33.08	33.34	23.61	24.28	27.77	27.88	279.03	266.58	217.6	182.1
9月September	30.73	35.67	22.55	23.73	25.86	28.66	143.80	359.67	590.8	69.8
10月October	28.06	28.20	16.92	19.72	21.83	23.23	315.47	225.44	1.3	75.5
11月November	26.19	23.92	14.79	12.99	19.62	18.12	265.83	244.69	0	0.3

月份 Month	平均最高气温 Average maximum temperature/℃		平均最低气温 Average minimum temperature/℃		平均气温 Mean temperature/℃		日照时数 Sunshine duration/h		月降水量 Monthly precipitation/mm
月份 Month	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
3月March	22.20	25.29	15.10	15.19	17.69	19.83	163.88	210.70	0	13.8
4月April	24.10	27.05	14.47	17.66	18.82	21.23	199.20	174.30	26.7	87.2
5月May	31.18	31.45	22.02	22.66	25.65	26.22	237.50	260.89	81.1	228.3
6月June	32.13	31.08	24.09	24.56	27.74	26.55	320.40	213.51	206.1	35.5
7月July	35.42	34.44	25.37	24.32	29.49	28.09	290.52	264.22	120.2	147.6
8月August	33.08	33.34	23.61	24.28	27.77	27.88	279.03	266.58	217.6	182.1
9月September	30.73	35.67	22.55	23.73	25.86	28.66	143.80	359.67	590.8	69.8
10月October	28.06	28.20	16.92	19.72	21.83	23.23	315.47	225.44	1.3	75.5
11月November	26.19	23.92	14.79	12.99	19.62	18.12	265.83	244.69	0	0.3

年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	日均最高温度 Daily mean maximum temperature/℃	日均最低温度 Daily mean minimum temperature/℃	日均温度 Daily mean temperature/℃	日均温差 Daily mean temperature difference/℃	日均日照时数 Daily mean sunshine duration/h
2020	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	31.18	21.82	25.27	9.36	8.98
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	31.34	21.88	25.38	9.46	9.13
	单结果蔓 Single-tier	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	33.04	23.68	27.03	9.36	9.35
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	32.70	23.87	26.96	8.83	10.49
2021	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	30.96	22.17	25.28	8.78	8.99
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	31.24	22.40	25.57	8.85	9.68
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	32.47	23.65	26.77	8.81	9.10
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	33.16	24.03	27.35	9.13	10.61

年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	日均最高温度 Daily mean maximum temperature/℃	日均最低温度 Daily mean minimum temperature/℃	日均温度 Daily mean temperature/℃	日均温差 Daily mean temperature difference/℃	日均日照时数 Daily mean sunshine duration/h
2020	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	31.18	21.82	25.27	9.36	8.98
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	31.34	21.88	25.38	9.46	9.13
	单结果蔓 Single-tier	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	33.04	23.68	27.03	9.36	9.35
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	32.70	23.87	26.96	8.83	10.49
2021	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	30.96	22.17	25.28	8.78	8.99
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	31.24	22.40	25.57	8.85	9.68
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	32.47	23.65	26.77	8.81	9.10
	fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	33.16	24.03	27.35	9.13	10.61

年份 Year	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity/%	土壤养分含量Soil nutrition content
年份 Year	容重 Bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity/%	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorous/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效钾 Abailable potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)
2020	1.22	75.3	31.59	149.01	111.07	114.85
2021	1.28	74.9	31.02	132.61	120.88	136.00

Yield and quality characteristics of passion fruit under different cultivation modes in Fujian, China

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年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	实收总产量 Total yield/ (t·hm^-2)	结果枝条总数 Total number of fertile branche/ 100 m^-2	有效结果枝条总长 Total length of effective branche/ (m·100 m^-2)	单株结果数 Fruit number per plant	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	中大果比率 Proportion of medium to large- sized fruit/%
2020	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	33.64± 4.522 a	286.96± 5.892 b	489.46± 5.747 a	272.22± 25.323 a	70.64± 6.244 a	76.72± 3.684 a
		芭乐味 Balewei	19.07± 2.444 b	378.39± 5.764 a	484.97± 5.479 b	108.30± 8.643 b	68.63± 5.401 b	72.91± 5.808 b
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	34.54± 0.902 a	150.00± 0 a	480.08± 5.627 b	28.31± 0.722 a	81.33± 0.598 b	95.89± 1.366 a
		芭乐味 Balewei	21.00± 0.972 b	150.00± 0 a	485.00± 5.643 a	15.20± 0.711 b	92.07± 0.615 a	93.94± 0.610 b
	多级结果蔓均值 Mean of multi-tiered fruiting vine		26.36± 8.164 b	332.68± 46.291 a	484.77± 7.363 a	190.26± 84.471 a	69.64± 5.897 b	74.82± 5.206 b
	单级结果蔓均值 Mean of single-tier fruiting vine		27.77± 6.868 a	150.00± 0 b	484.98± 5.534 a	21.76± 6.625 b	86.70± 5.430 a	94.92± 1.437 a
2021	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	34.63± 6.090 a	287.54± 6.424 b	490.83± 5.224 a	265.22± 25.190 a	75.79± 7.703 a	74.99± 4.541 a
		芭乐味 Balewei	16.97± 2.887 b	377.50± 5.759 a	484.93± 6.357 b	97.46± 13.402 b	67.55± 5.735 b	70.86± 7.069 b
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	35.10± 0.950 a	150.00± 0 a	482.19± 5.838 b	28.28± 0.738 a	82.76± 0.670 b	94.04± 0.619 a
		芭乐味 Balewei	21.13± 0.935 b	150.00± 0 a	486.91± 5.658 a	15.20± 0.683 b	92.65± 0.638 a	91.01± 0.636 b
	多级结果蔓均值 Mean of multi-tiered fruiting vine		25.80± 10.058 b	332.52± 45.597 a	486.51± 7.019 a	181.34± 86.630 a	71.67± 7.928 b	72.92± 6.266 b
	单级结果蔓均值 Mean of single-tier fruiting vine		28.12± 7.083 a	150.00± 0 b	485.92± 6.071 a	21.74± 6.606 b	87.70± 5.012 a	92.52± 1.645 a

变异来源 Source of variation	单株产量 Yield per plant	实收总产量 Total yield	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content	总糖含量 Total carbohydrate content	总酸含量 Total acid content	糖酸比值 Sugar-acid ratio
栽培模式Cultivation mode	5 984.66^**	38.69^**	44.82^**	8 4448.03^**	637.64^**	5 087.20^**
品种Variety	2 013.44^**	2 485.63^**	299.15^**	5 597.23^**	3 258.38^**	8 259.73^**
栽培模式×品种类型	1 588.97^**	15.31^**	0.63	769.65^**	466.88^**	205.50^**
Cultivation mode×Variety

品质指标 Quality index	果皮重 Peel weight	果汁量 Fruit juice	可食率 Edible rate	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content	总糖含量 Total carbohydrate content	总酸含量 Total acid content
果汁量Fruit juice	0.377^**
可食率Edible rate	-0.685^**	0.405^**
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content	0.227^**	0.245^**	-0.034
总糖含量Total carbohydrate content	0.565^**	0.702^**	-0.01	0.557^**
总酸含量Total acid content	-0.231^**	-0.201^**	0.083	-0.558^**	-0.713^**
糖酸比值Sugar-acid ratio	0.487^**	0.546^**	-0.055	0.608^**	0.962^**	-0.856^**

指标 Index	日平均最高温度 Daily mean maximum temperature	日平均最低温度 Daily mean minimum temperatur	日平均温度 Daily mean temperature	日平均温差 Daily mean temperature difference	日平均日照时数 Daily mean illumination hours
果皮重Peel weight	0.399^**	0.451^**	0.388^**	-0.169^**	0.438^**
果汁量Fruit juice	0.671^**	0.691^**	0.648^**	-0.155^**	0.484^**
可食率Edible rate	0.114^*	0.083	0.108^*	0.037	-0.046
可溶性固形物含量	0.308^**	0.279^**	0.240^**	-0.086	0.442^**
Soluble solids content
总糖含量Total carbohydrate content	0.685^**	0.664^**	0.624^**	-0.091	0.757^**
总酸含量Total acid content	-0.426^**	-0.348^**	-0.335^**	-0.048	-0.534^**
糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio	0.592^**	0.555^**	0.518^**	-0.051	0.746^**

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年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	日期Date(month-day)
年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	现蕾期 Budding date	始花期 First flowering date	始果期 Fruit bearing date	始收期 First harvest date	采收结束期 Harvest end date
2020	多级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-02	04-19	04-20	06-28	11-15
	Multi-tiered fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-16	05-06	05-07	07-30	11-15
	单级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-14	04-29	04-30	07-03	09-05
	Single-tier fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-24	05-09	05-11	07-25	09-18
2021	多级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-02	04-17	04-18	06-26	11-18
	Multi-tiered fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-13	05-02	05-03	07-29	11-18
	单级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-12	04-26	04-28	07-01	09-10
	Single-tier fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-22	05-07	05-09	07-25	09-22

年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	日期Date(month-day)
年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	现蕾期 Budding date	始花期 First flowering date	始果期 Fruit bearing date	始收期 First harvest date	采收结束期 Harvest end date
2020	多级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-02	04-19	04-20	06-28	11-15
	Multi-tiered fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-16	05-06	05-07	07-30	11-15
	单级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-14	04-29	04-30	07-03	09-05
	Single-tier fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-24	05-09	05-11	07-25	09-18
2021	多级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-02	04-17	04-18	06-26	11-18
	Multi-tiered fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-13	05-02	05-03	07-29	11-18
	单级结果蔓	台农1号Tainong No. 1	04-12	04-26	04-28	07-01	09-10
	Single-tier fruiting vine	芭乐味Balewei	04-22	05-07	05-09	07-25	09-22

年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	花蕾期 Flower budding period/d	成花率 Flowering rate/%	果实发育成熟期 Fruit development mature period/d	坐果率 Fruit setting rate/%	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	花蕾期 Flower budding period/d	成花率 Flowering rate/%	果实发育成熟期 Fruit development mature period/d	坐果率 Fruit setting rate/%	花蕾期 Flower bud period	成花率 Flowering rate	果实发育成熟期 Fruit development mature period	坐果率 Fruit setting rate
2020	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	13.04± 1.373 a	81.89± 7.414 a	62.80± 6.730 b	81.33± 6.552 a	10.53	9.05	10.72	8.06
		芭乐味 Balewei	13.26± 1.905 a	76.12± 7.414 b	83.24± 7.741 a	76.55± 7.833 b	14.37	10.33	9.30	10.23
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	14.35± 0.555 b	90.77± 7.861 a	61.50± 0.666 b	89.43± 0.579 b	3.87	1.67	1.08	0.65
		芭乐味 Balewei	15.61± 0.656 a	90.16± 1.514 b	77.74± 0.650 a	89.88± 0.545 a	4.20	0.67	0.84	0.61
	多级结果蔓均值 Mean of multi-tiered fruiting vine		13.15± 1.657 b	79.00± 8.140 b	73.02± 12.553 a	78.94± 7.578 b	12.60	10.30	17.19	9.60
	单级结果蔓均值 Mean of single-tier fruiting vine		14.98± 0.875 a	90.47± 1.187 a	69.62± 8.184 b	89.65± 0.604 a	5.84	1.31	11.76	0.67
2021	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	12.98± 1.124 a	82.11± 9.974 a	63.65± 9.072 b	81.62± 12.634 a	8.66	12.15	14.25	15.48
		芭乐味 Balewei	13.41± 1.447 a	76.30± 11.748 b	84.09± 7.956 a	78.32± 15.528 a	10.80	15.40	9.46	19.83
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	14.98± 0.687 b	92.72± 0.685 a	62.41± 0.659 b	89.67± 0.632 b	4.58	0.74	1.06	0.70
		芭乐味 Balewei	15.91± 0.734 a	90.32± 0.711 b	79.61± 0.627 a	90.00± 0.683 a	4.61	0.79	0.79	0.76
	多级结果蔓均值 Mean of multi-tiered fruiting vine		13.17± 1.489 b	79.21± 11.232 b	73.87± 13.326 a	79.97± 14.186 b	9.91	14.18	18.04	17.74
	单级结果蔓均值 Mean of single-tier fruiting vine		15.21± 0.890 a	91.52± 1.393 a	71.01± 8.666 b	89.84± 0.677 a	5.48	1.52	12.20	0.75

年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	花蕾期 Flower budding period/d	成花率 Flowering rate/%	果实发育成熟期 Fruit development mature period/d	坐果率 Fruit setting rate/%	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
年份 Year	栽培模式 Cultivation mode	品种 Variety	花蕾期 Flower budding period/d	成花率 Flowering rate/%	果实发育成熟期 Fruit development mature period/d	坐果率 Fruit setting rate/%	花蕾期 Flower bud period	成花率 Flowering rate	果实发育成熟期 Fruit development mature period	坐果率 Fruit setting rate
2020	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	13.04± 1.373 a	81.89± 7.414 a	62.80± 6.730 b	81.33± 6.552 a	10.53	9.05	10.72	8.06
		芭乐味 Balewei	13.26± 1.905 a	76.12± 7.414 b	83.24± 7.741 a	76.55± 7.833 b	14.37	10.33	9.30	10.23
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	14.35± 0.555 b	90.77± 7.861 a	61.50± 0.666 b	89.43± 0.579 b	3.87	1.67	1.08	0.65
		芭乐味 Balewei	15.61± 0.656 a	90.16± 1.514 b	77.74± 0.650 a	89.88± 0.545 a	4.20	0.67	0.84	0.61
	多级结果蔓均值 Mean of multi-tiered fruiting vine		13.15± 1.657 b	79.00± 8.140 b	73.02± 12.553 a	78.94± 7.578 b	12.60	10.30	17.19	9.60
	单级结果蔓均值 Mean of single-tier fruiting vine		14.98± 0.875 a	90.47± 1.187 a	69.62± 8.184 b	89.65± 0.604 a	5.84	1.31	11.76	0.67
2021	多级结果蔓 Multi-tiered fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	12.98± 1.124 a	82.11± 9.974 a	63.65± 9.072 b	81.62± 12.634 a	8.66	12.15	14.25	15.48
		芭乐味 Balewei	13.41± 1.447 a	76.30± 11.748 b	84.09± 7.956 a	78.32± 15.528 a	10.80	15.40	9.46	19.83
	单级结果蔓 Single-tier fruiting vine	台农1号 Tainong No. 1	14.98± 0.687 b	92.72± 0.685 a	62.41± 0.659 b	89.67± 0.632 b	4.58	0.74	1.06	0.70
		芭乐味 Balewei	15.91± 0.734 a	90.32± 0.711 b	79.61± 0.627 a	90.00± 0.683 a	4.61	0.79	0.79	0.76
	多级结果蔓均值 Mean of multi-tiered fruiting vine		13.17± 1.489 b	79.21± 11.232 b	73.87± 13.326 a	79.97± 14.186 b	9.91	14.18	18.04	17.74
	单级结果蔓均值 Mean of single-tier fruiting vine		15.21± 0.890 a	91.52± 1.393 a	71.01± 8.666 b	89.84± 0.677 a	5.48	1.52	12.20	0.75