Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240930

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1733-1742.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240930

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Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea

ZHANG Zhiying¹^,²(), QIU Qin¹^,², HOU Lijuan¹, XU Ping¹, JIANG Ning¹, LIN Jinsheng¹, LI Huiping¹, QU Shaoxuan¹, MA Lin¹^,^*(), WANG Weixia², LI Fuhou²^,^*()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crop, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment in Jiangsu Province, School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-10-30 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03
Contact: MA Lin,LI Fuhou

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of four insecticides (diflubenzuron, dinotefuran, beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole) on the mycelia growth and fruiting body development of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea, two application methods(substrate mixing and spraying) were employed. Residue analysis was also conducted by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography (GC). It was shown that the substrate mixing with 1 000 mg·L^-1 chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest inhibition rate on mycelia growth of P. pulmonarius, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other treatments. The substrate mixing with 1 000 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest inhibition rate on mycelia growth of A. polytricha, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. Under substrate mixing: 100 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin exhibited the least impact on the yield of P. pulmonarius fruiting body, with a bioconversion rate exceeding 48% for the first flush; 100 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran showed the least impact on the yield of A. cornea fruiting body with a bioconversion rate over 64%. Under insecticides spraying: dinotefuran caused no significant yield reduction in P. pulmonarius fruiting body, with bioconversion rates above 47%; 100 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran and beta-cypermethrin demonstrated the minimal effect on the yield of A. cornea fruiting body, with bioconversion rates exceeding 64%. Insecticides residue content in fruiting body of P. pulmonarius and A. cornea was below the detection limit (0.01 mg·kg^-1) with 100, 500 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin or chlorantraniliprole via substrate mixing. For insecticides spraying, the insecticides residue content in fruiting body of P. pulmonarius was within the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the 4 insecticides at 100-1 000 mg·L^-1. However, only when these insecticides were sprayed at 100 mg·L^-1, the insecticides residue content in A. cornea fruiting body was within MRLs. Given the food security and disease control: spraying of 100-1 000 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran or substrate mixing with 100-500 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin was optimal for P. pulmonarius; sparying of 100 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran, beta-cypermethrin or substrate mixing with 100-500 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran was acceptable for A. cornea.

Key words: insecticide, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Auricularia cornea, mycelium, yield, safety

CLC Number:

ZHANG Zhiying, QIU Qin, HOU Lijuan, XU Ping, JIANG Ning, LIN Jinsheng, LI Huiping, QU Shaoxuan, MA Lin, WANG Weixia, LI Fuhou. Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1733-1742.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

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处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-1	111.17±8.43 a	148.83±10.06 a	50.53±6.89 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.83±8.43 bc	132.17±15.85 bc	46.74±3.79 bc	60.08±7.20 b
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	101.67±7.99 bc	129.83±14.23 bc	46.21±3.63 bc	59.02±6.45 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	95.83±10.65 de	126.83±15.46 bc	43.56±4.84 de	57.65±7.03 bc
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	95.67±6.55 de	142.33±12.43 ab	43.49±2.98 de	64.70±5.65 a
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	93.17±6.89 ef	134.33±13.95 bc	42.35±3.13 ef	61.06±6.34 b
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	88.83±5.27 f	133.17±14.35 bc	40.38±2.40 f	60.53±6.52 b
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.33±7.85 ab	126.33±14.88 c	48.33±3.57 ab	57.42±6.77 bc
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.33±8.03 bc	125.50±14.85 c	46.52±6.71 bc	57.05±6.75 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	98.67±5.62 cd	101.50±16.18 d	44.85±2.55 cd	46.14±7.36 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	102.67±8.92 bc	133.50±15.82 bc	46.67±6.84 bc	60.68±7.19 b
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	99.17±5.18 cd	132.83±16.16 bc	45.08±2.35 cd	60.38±7.35 b
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	90.33±5.15 f	122.83±18.60 c	41.06±2.34 f	55.83±8.46 c
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-1	111.17±8.43 a	148.83±10.06 a	50.53±6.89 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.83±8.43 bc	132.17±15.85 bc	46.74±3.79 bc	60.08±7.20 b
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	101.67±7.99 bc	129.83±14.23 bc	46.21±3.63 bc	59.02±6.45 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	95.83±10.65 de	126.83±15.46 bc	43.56±4.84 de	57.65±7.03 bc
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	95.67±6.55 de	142.33±12.43 ab	43.49±2.98 de	64.70±5.65 a
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	93.17±6.89 ef	134.33±13.95 bc	42.35±3.13 ef	61.06±6.34 b
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	88.83±5.27 f	133.17±14.35 bc	40.38±2.40 f	60.53±6.52 b
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.33±7.85 ab	126.33±14.88 c	48.33±3.57 ab	57.42±6.77 bc
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.33±8.03 bc	125.50±14.85 c	46.52±6.71 bc	57.05±6.75 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	98.67±5.62 cd	101.50±16.18 d	44.85±2.55 cd	46.14±7.36 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	102.67±8.92 bc	133.50±15.82 bc	46.67±6.84 bc	60.68±7.19 b
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	99.17±5.18 cd	132.83±16.16 bc	45.08±2.35 cd	60.38±7.35 b
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	90.33±5.15 f	122.83±18.60 c	41.06±2.34 f	55.83±8.46 c
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-2	111.17±8.43 a	148.33±67.65 a	50.53±3.83 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.5±8.54 bcd	113.67±14.43 c	46.59±3.89 cde	51.67±6.56 de
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.67±9.01 cd	109.17±11.26 cd	45.76±4.10 de	49.62±5.12 e
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.33±9.48 cd	93.83±12.69 e	45.61±4.31 de	42.65±5.77 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	110.33±9.83 ab	141.83±9.44 ab	50.15±4.47 ab	64.47±4.29 b
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.83±9.84 abcd	132.17±10.54 b	48.11±4.47 abcd	60.08±4.79 c
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.50±9.86 abcd	111.33±12.04 c	47.96±4.48 abcd	50.61±5.47 e
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.83±8.61 abc	142.67±11.46 ab	48.56±3.91 abc	64.85±5.21 b
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	103.17±9.35 abcd	135.33±10.48 b	46.89±4.25 cde	61.52±4.76 c
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.50±9.46 bcd	119.33±9.98 c	46.59±4.30 cde	54.24±4.54 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	104.83±9.96 abcd	113.83±10.06 c	47.65±4.53 bcd	51.74±4.57 de
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	100.33±9.74 cd	109.83±11.44 cd	45.61±4.43 de	49.92±5.20 e
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	97.33±10.31 d	97.83±13.76 de	44.24±4.68 e	44.47±6.26 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-2	111.17±8.43 a	148.33±67.65 a	50.53±3.83 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.5±8.54 bcd	113.67±14.43 c	46.59±3.89 cde	51.67±6.56 de
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.67±9.01 cd	109.17±11.26 cd	45.76±4.10 de	49.62±5.12 e
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.33±9.48 cd	93.83±12.69 e	45.61±4.31 de	42.65±5.77 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	110.33±9.83 ab	141.83±9.44 ab	50.15±4.47 ab	64.47±4.29 b
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.83±9.84 abcd	132.17±10.54 b	48.11±4.47 abcd	60.08±4.79 c
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.50±9.86 abcd	111.33±12.04 c	47.96±4.48 abcd	50.61±5.47 e
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.83±8.61 abc	142.67±11.46 ab	48.56±3.91 abc	64.85±5.21 b
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	103.17±9.35 abcd	135.33±10.48 b	46.89±4.25 cde	61.52±4.76 c
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.50±9.46 bcd	119.33±9.98 c	46.59±4.30 cde	54.24±4.54 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	104.83±9.96 abcd	113.83±10.06 c	47.65±4.53 bcd	51.74±4.57 de
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	100.33±9.74 cd	109.83±11.44 cd	45.61±4.43 de	49.92±5.20 e
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	97.33±10.31 d	97.83±13.76 de	44.24±4.68 e	44.47±6.26 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	灭菌后培养料的残留量 Residue amount on sterilized culture material		长满菌丝时培养料的残留量 Residue amount on culture material with fall mycelia		采后培养料的残留量 Residue amount on post harvest culture material		子实体残留量 Residue amount on fruiting bodies
处理 Treatment	PP	AC	PP	AC	PP	AC	PP	AC
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	0.011	6.852	ND	6.536	ND	0.166	ND	0.200
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	2.185	19.716	2.170	19.404	2.001	0.473	0.096	0.256
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	3.308	32.956	3.007	29.024	2.668	22.664	0.157	0.291
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	1.358	56.204	0.833	29.224	0.079	0.374	0.043	ND
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	2.520	186.120	1.874	86.24	0.429	0.514	0.332	ND
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	2.973	340.160	2.901	159.64	1.862	16.972	0.527	0.053
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	7.428	61.326	3.969	5.518	2.914	4.768	ND	ND
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	69.385	329.081	61.312	41.718	38.521	9.443	ND	ND
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	112.526	771.814	99.326	133.519	61.422	33.536	0.251	ND
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	ND	0.085	ND	0.055	ND	0.035	ND	ND
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	0.013	1.413	0.011	1.215	ND	0.880	ND	ND
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	0.037	4.624	0.028	4.376	0.021	3.830	ND	ND
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
CK-1	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea

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