Synchronous extraction, purification, and functional activity analysis of naringin and neohesperidin from dried immature Huyou (Citrus ×aurantium Changshanhuyou) fruits

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250529

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1153-1163.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250529

• Future Foods and Health • Previous Articles Next Articles

Synchronous extraction, purification, and functional activity analysis of naringin and neohesperidin from dried immature Huyou (Citrus ×aurantium Changshanhuyou) fruits

WEI Liping¹(), WANG Yangguang¹^,^*(), YANG Ying¹, LU Shengmin²^,^*()

¹ Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China
² State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics and Processing of Fresh Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2025-08-11 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-14

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to efficiently extract naringin and neohesperidin enriched in dried immature Huyou (Citrus × aurantium Changshanhuyou, original medicinal material of Qu Aurantii Fructus) fruits, a synchronous extraction process using ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was carried through single-factor experiments, and the extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. AB-8 macroporous resin was selected to purify the crude extract, and the in vitro antioxidative and hypoglycemic activities of the extracts before and after purification were compared. The results showed that under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 43%, ultrasonic time 14 min, ultrasonic power 300 W, and solid-liquid ratio 1∶16 (g·mL^-1), the yields of naringin and neohesperidin reached 133.19 mg·g^-1and 99.23 mg·g^-1, respectively, with a total yield of 232.42 mg·g^-1. After purification, the purity of naringin and neohesperidin increased by 2.47 and 1.74 percentage points, respectively, and their DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rates, as well as α-glucosidase inhibition rate, were all significantly (p<0.05) improved. The results indicated that the extraction and purification process was simple and effective, and the extract exhibited good functional activities, providing a technological basis for the efficient extraction and application of bioactive compounds from dried immature Huyou fruits.

Key words: immature Huyou fruit, naringin, neohesperidin, ultrasound-assisted extraction, response surface analysis, macroporous resin purification, functional activity

CLC Number:

WEI Liping, WANG Yangguang, YANG Ying, LU Shengmin. Synchronous extraction, purification, and functional activity analysis of naringin and neohesperidin from dried immature Huyou (Citrus ×aurantium Changshanhuyou) fruits[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1153-1163.

Figures/Tables 9

References 28

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水平 Level	A/%	B/min	C/W	D/(g·mL^-1)
-1	20	5	250	1∶5
0	40	15	300	1∶15
1	60	25	350	1∶25

水平 Level	A/%	B/min	C/W	D/(g·mL^-1)
-1	20	5	250	1∶5
0	40	15	300	1∶15
1	60	25	350	1∶25

A/%	B/min	C/W	D/(g·mL^-1)	NR得率/(mg·g^-1) NR yield/(mg·g^-1)	NHP得率/(mg·g^-1) NHP yield/(mg·g^-1)	总得率/(mg·g^-1) Total yield/(mg·g^-1)
40	15	250	1∶25	94.08	74.14	168.22
20	25	300	1∶15	82.70	68.65	151.35
40	15	350	1∶25	104.07	91.99	196.06
40	5	300	1∶5	83.66	72.33	155.99
60	25	300	1∶15	94.49	80.31	174.80
20	5	300	1∶15	85.43	73.90	159.33
20	15	300	1∶5	89.71	74.59	164.30
40	15	300	1∶15	132.79	98.10	230.89
40	25	250	1∶15	81.11	66.26	147.37
40	25	300	1∶25	91.24	72.87	164.11
40	5	300	1∶25	98.34	78.82	177.16
40	25	350	1∶15	81.96	73.43	155.39
60	15	250	1∶15	96.46	80.33	176.79
60	15	350	1∶15	110.83	77.21	188.04
40	5	350	1∶15	95.42	77.59	173.01
60	15	300	1∶5	93.46	68.66	162.12
40	15	350	1∶5	90.61	79.11	169.72
40	5	250	1∶15	83.83	68.49	152.32
20	15	350	1∶15	88.97	79.63	168.60
40	15	300	1∶15	135.65	104.23	239.88
40	15	300	1∶15	130.03	104.18	234.21
60	15	300	1∶25	98.87	88.90	187.77
20	15	250	1∶15	84.53	74.54	159.07
40	15	300	1∶15	128.65	101.60	230.25
40	25	300	1∶5	83.93	74.68	158.61
20	15	300	1∶25	88.38	71.13	159.52
40	15	250	1∶5	89.83	80.01	169.84
60	5	300	1∶15	100.86	82.47	183.33
40	15	300	1∶15	130.89	105.68	236.57

A/%	B/min	C/W	D/(g·mL^-1)	NR得率/(mg·g^-1) NR yield/(mg·g^-1)	NHP得率/(mg·g^-1) NHP yield/(mg·g^-1)	总得率/(mg·g^-1) Total yield/(mg·g^-1)
40	15	250	1∶25	94.08	74.14	168.22
20	25	300	1∶15	82.70	68.65	151.35
40	15	350	1∶25	104.07	91.99	196.06
40	5	300	1∶5	83.66	72.33	155.99
60	25	300	1∶15	94.49	80.31	174.80
20	5	300	1∶15	85.43	73.90	159.33
20	15	300	1∶5	89.71	74.59	164.30
40	15	300	1∶15	132.79	98.10	230.89
40	25	250	1∶15	81.11	66.26	147.37
40	25	300	1∶25	91.24	72.87	164.11
40	5	300	1∶25	98.34	78.82	177.16
40	25	350	1∶15	81.96	73.43	155.39
60	15	250	1∶15	96.46	80.33	176.79
60	15	350	1∶15	110.83	77.21	188.04
40	5	350	1∶15	95.42	77.59	173.01
60	15	300	1∶5	93.46	68.66	162.12
40	15	350	1∶5	90.61	79.11	169.72
40	5	250	1∶15	83.83	68.49	152.32
20	15	350	1∶15	88.97	79.63	168.60
40	15	300	1∶15	135.65	104.23	239.88
40	15	300	1∶15	130.03	104.18	234.21
60	15	300	1∶25	98.87	88.90	187.77
20	15	250	1∶15	84.53	74.54	159.07
40	15	300	1∶15	128.65	101.60	230.25
40	25	300	1∶5	83.93	74.68	158.61
20	15	300	1∶25	88.38	71.13	159.52
40	15	250	1∶5	89.83	80.01	169.84
60	5	300	1∶15	100.86	82.47	183.33
40	15	300	1∶15	130.89	105.68	236.57

方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	p
模型Model	21 700.21	14	1 550.02	45.43	<0.000 1
A	1 020.84	1	1 020.84	29.92	<0.000 1
B	204.27	1	204.27	5.99	0.028 2
C	496.78	1	496.78	14.56	0.001 9
D	435.13	1	435.13	12.75	0.003 1
AB	0.08	1	0.08	2.22×10^-3	0.963 1
AC	0.74	1	0.74	0.02	0.885 0
AD	231.50	1	231.50	6.78	0.020 8
BC	40.13	1	40.13	1.18	0.296 4
BD	61.39	1	61.39	1.80	0.201 2
CD	195.44	1	195.44	5.73	0.031 3
A²	6 002.44	1	6 002.44	175.92	<0.000 1
B²	10 745.46	1	10 745.46	314.94	<0.000 1
C²	6 536.21	1	6 536.21	191.57	<0.000 1
D²	6 081.63	1	6 081.63	178.25	<0.000 1
残差Residual	477.67	14	34.12	—	—
失拟项Lack of fit	413.36	10	41.34	2.57	0.188 0
纯误差Pure error	64.31	4	16.08	—	—
总回归Total regression	22 177.88	28	—	—	—

Synchronous extraction, purification, and functional activity analysis of naringin and neohesperidin from dried immature Huyou (Citrus ×aurantium Changshanhuyou) fruits

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树脂种类 Resin type	NR吸附率 NR adsorption rate	NR解吸率 NR desorption rate	NHP吸附率 NHP adsorption rate	NHP解吸率 NHP desorption rate
AB-8	91.26±0.18 a	62.12±2.89 a	92.86±0.15 a	62.01±2.91 a
D101	86.03±0.36 c	62.46±2.28 a	88.03±0.32 c	63.55±3.01 a
HPD-100	89.25±0.12 b	63.36±3.09 a	91.03±0.09 b	62.56±3.78 a
HPD-300	82.77±0.72 d	62.32±3.70 a	84.97±0.58 d	62.65±2.63 a

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