Archive

25 June 2026, Volume 38 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Future Foods and Health
Crop Science
Animal Science
Horticultural Science
Environmental Science
Biosystem Engineering
Review


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Contents 2026, 38(6):  0.  Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (10256KB) ( 207 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Future Foods and Health

Select

Study on preparation, rehydration quality and digestive properties of multigrain protein solid beverage via spray drying technology LI Jiali, ZHANG Chengcheng, BAO Tianmu, CHENG Zhe, LI Yunlong, LIU Daqun 2026, 38(6):  1061-1072.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20260108 Abstract ( 110 )   HTML ( 497 )   PDF (6467KB) ( 186 )   In this study, millet, black soybean and mung bean proteins were taken as main raw materials, with drying aids added, multigrain protein solid beverage (MPSB) was prepared via spray drying. Single-factor experiments were conducted to optimize processing parameters. The rehydration quality, physicochemical digestive and properties characteristics of samples obtained under optimal conditions were further investigated. The results showed that the optimal technical parameters were determined as follows: maltodextrin served as the drying aid with a dosage of 60 g·L-1, inlet air temperature of 160 ℃, peristaltic pump rate of 4 mL·min-1, and fan speed of 85%. Samples prepared under these conditions exhibited favorable rehydration performance with reduced and more uniform particle size. Rheological analysis confirmed that MPSB solution behaved as a Newtonian fluid. After spray drying, the absolute value of Zeta-potential and in vitro protein digestibility of MPSB increased significantly (p<0.05), indicating improved physical stability and enhanced digestibility for human absorption. In conclusion, the prepared MPSB possesses superior rehydration properties and high nutritional value. These findings can provide technical references for the development of high-protein multigrain solid beverages. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preservation effect of perilla essential oil-tea polyphenols-chitosan composite coating solution on chilled grass carp JIANG Yuanhao, HUANG Mengru, CHU Chenqi, ZHANG Jin, HU Jun, CHEN Wenxuan 2026, 38(6):  1073-1086.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20260030 Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 475 )   PDF (3818KB) ( 188 )   To explore the application effect of composite coating solutions containing perilla essential oil (PEO), tea polyphenols (TP) and chitosan (CS) in the preservation of grass carp, grass carp muscle was used as experimental material. Treatment groups including TP-CS, PEO-CS, PEO-TP, PEO-TP-CS composite coating solutions and sterile water (control) were established. By determining total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, drip loss rate and pH value of fish muscle, combined with electronic nose technology, the effects of composite coating solution treatments on storage quality and volatile odor substances of chilled grass carp were analyzed. The results showed that the PEO-TP-CS coating solution exhibited significantly (p<0.05) stronger antioxidant activity than the other coating solutions. Compared with the control, at the end of storage (14 d), the PEO-TP-CS treatment obtained the highest sensory score of 7.06. Its logarithmic value of total viable count per gram of fish muscle was 6.54, TVB-N content was 152.9 mg·kg-1, TBA value was 0.88 mg·kg-1, pH value was 6.65, and drip loss rate was 6.51%, all of which were superior to those of the other treatments. Electronic nose analysis indicated that sulfides, nitrogen oxides and methane substances were key components indicating fish freshness. Principal component analysis further verified that the odor characteristics of the PEO-TP-CS treatment were closer to those of fresh fish muscle. In conclusion, PEO-TP-CS composite coating solution can effectively inhibit fish spoilage, extend the shelf life by 4 days, and maintain the edible quality of grass carp muscle during storage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on the quality of West Lake Longjing tea in different regions based on soil properties SUN Da, MAO Binyu, HUANG Danyi, CUI Hongchun, XIA Bing, ZHENG Xuxia 2026, 38(6):  1087-1098.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250552 Abstract ( 105 )   HTML ( 495 )   PDF (3344KB) ( 168 )   To explore the soil-driven mechanism underlying the quality formation of West Lake Longjing tea, this study selected tea plants of Longjing 43 and local populations from six typical production areas across different protection zones of West Lake Longjing tea. The soil physical and chemical properties and tea quality components were systematically analyzed. The results showed that soil nutrient characteristics differed obviously among various production areas, which could be classified into three categories: high phosphorus-zinc type, high potassium-magnesium type, and medium-fertility heterogeneous type. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) model was established based on seven key indicators, including soil organic matter, available phosphorus, mercury, cadmium, chromium, zinc and magnesium contents, which achieved a regional discrimination accuracy of 90.5%. Tea quality was highly correlated with soil types. Tea produced in the gardens with high potassium-magnesium soil exhibited a higher content of water extracts. Compared with the local populations, Longjing 43 presented superior performance in appearance and quality stability, while the local populations had greater potential in aroma intensity and richness. Production area, cultivar, and their interaction exerted highly significant (p<0.01) effects on the contents of water extracts, free amino acids and moisture in tea. This study identified soil nutrients as the key driver of flavor differentiation of West Lake Longjing tea from different production areas, and provided a theoretical basis for geographical traceability, precision fertilization and cultivar improvement. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on the preparation of dual-protein yogurt by co-fermentation with Weissella confusa and its storage stability KANG Ying, YE Tao, BAI Xueying, ZHANG Xuejiao 2026, 38(6):  1099-1111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250709 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 45 )   PDF (5396KB) ( 167 )   To prepare a plant-animal dual-protein yogurt with stable texture, appropriate taste, and rich nutrition, this study for the first time utilized Weissella confusa SY628 strain (a high-yield dextran-producing strain) in combination with a commercial yogurt starter (YF-L904 compound bacterial powder) for the co-fermentation of a soymilk-milk mixed system to develop a novel dual-protein yogurt. Following single-factor experiments, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation conditions. The quality stability during 28 days of storage was evaluated by determining key nutritional components, physicochemical properties, texture profiles, rheological properties, and microstructure. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: milk-to-soymilk ratio of 6∶4, fermentation temperature of 30 ℃, ratio of bacterial liquids (bacterial liquid of SY628 strain to bacterial liquid of YF-L904) of 1∶3, sucrose addition amount of 6%, and inoculum size of 3%. Under these conditions, a sensory score of 88.67 was achieved. The polysaccharide content of the dual-protein yogurt produced under the optimal fermentation conditions (SYF) was 22.6 g·kg-1, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the yogurt fermented solely with the commercial yogurt starter (CN). Throughout the 28-day storage period, SYF exhibited higher hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness in texture; better water-holding capacity; higher storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity; and a denser sheet-like gel structure. Consequently, SYF demonstrated enhanced storage stability compared with CN. This study provides a feasible technical solution for developing additive-free functional dual-protein yogurt and expands the application prospects of Weissella confusa in functional fermented foods. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Rapid and non-destructive identification of adulteration in Xizang yak ghee based on near infrared spectroscopy LI Wenzhen, MEI Hanyi, WANG Shulin, NIE Jing, LI Chunlin, ZHANG Yongzhi, DENG Fengtao, YUAN Yuwei 2026, 38(6):  1112-1125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20260090 Abstract ( 77 )   HTML ( 38 )   PDF (10348KB) ( 165 )   This study aimed to establish a rapid and non-destructive adulteration identification method for Xizang yak ghee by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology. Traditional handmade yak ghee was collected from Nyingchi and Nagqu in Xizang as research materials. Adulterated samples were prepared by mixing palm oil, beef tallow, and margarine into yak ghee at different proportions (0, 20%, 40% and 60%). The physicochemical indices including acid value, moisture content, peroxide value and fat content were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to perform unsupervised dimensionality reduction and structural analysis on NIR spectral characteristics. On the basis of PCA results, supervised chemometric models including support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) were constructed to realize ghee adulteration identification. The results showed that different adulterated oils presented specific effects on the physicochemical characteristics of yak ghee. Lower acid value and decreased moisture content could be regarded as characteristic indicators of palm oil adulteration; higher acid value and increased peroxide value were closely related to high-proportion beef tallow adulteration; significantly increased moisture content was the key discrimination index for margarine adulteration. Fat content could be combined with the other three physicochemical indices to jointly identify adulteration in yak ghee. PCA score plots indicated that samples with different adulteration types and proportions showed partial distribution differences in the principal component space, while obvious category overlaps still existed, resulting in unclear discriminative boundaries. Both the SVM and KNN models achieved 100% classification accuracy on the independent test set.In conclusion, the absorbance changes of original NIR spectra were highly correlated with adulteration types and adulteration ratios of yak ghee. Combined with chemometric methods, NIR spectroscopy could efficiently and accurately identify adulteration in Xizang traditional yak ghee. This study provided an efficient, reliable and rapid technical reference for quality supervision and quality assurance of plateau characteristic yak ghee products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of thyme extract on antioxidant capacity and flavor of beef ZHONG Hangyu, LU Wenjing, CHEN Di, ZHANG Cen, WANG Yiran, HE Jianlan, HUANG Yuke, XU Guangzhi, XIAO Chaogeng 2026, 38(6):  1126-1140.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20260104 Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 43 )   PDF (100584KB) ( 207 )   To screen natural antioxidants suitable for beef, optimize their application process, and clarify the effects of natural antioxidants on the antioxidant capacity and flavor of beef, eight spice extracts were investigated, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging rate, color difference, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value as evaluation indicators, the spice extract with the best antioxidant effect was selected. Taking TBARS value, redness (a*), and total sulfhydryl content as indicators, the mass fraction of the extract, treatment time and liquid-to-solid ratio for treating beef were optimized through single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. Changes in volatile components of beef before and after treatment under the optimal process conditions were analyzed. The results showed that among the eight spice extracts, thyme extract exhibited the best antioxidant effect. The optimal process conditions for treating beef with thyme extract obtained by response surface methodology were mass fraction of 0.15%, treatment time of 30 min, and liquid-to-solid ratio of 3∶1 (mg·L-1). Under these conditions, lipid and protein oxidation of beef were significantly inhibited, TBARS value was reduced, and high redness and total sulfhydryl content were maintained. Volatile component analysis revealed that thyme extract treatment reduced the generation of oxidative off-odor compounds in beef while retaining characteristic flavor components such as aldehydes and esters, thereby improving the flavor quality of the product. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of thyme extract in the natural preservation and quality enhancement of beef. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Process optimization and oxidative stability analysis of Camellia oleifera seed oil via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction LI Peng, ZHAN Xi, ZHANG Hui 2026, 38(6):  1141-1152.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250542 Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 40 )   PDF (3771KB) ( 155 )   Camellia oleifera seed oil, a unique woody oil native to China, is rich in various nutrients and bioactive compounds and is widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Efficient extraction of high-quality C. oleifera seed oil is a key prerequisite for its high-value utilization. Based on the properties of supercritical fluids, this study used a central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) to systematically investigate the effects of temperature (35-95 ℃), pressure (8-40 MPa), equilibration time (10-50 min) and extraction time (12-60 min) on oil yield, as well as on the contents of squalene and triterpene alcohols in the oil during supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. A second-order polynomial regression model of the independent variables was established to predict the optimal process conditions, and the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the oil obtained under the optimal conditions were analyzed. Three optimal conditions were derived from the prediction model: Y1 (temperature 75 ℃, pressure 35.2 MPa, equilibration time 25.5 min, extraction time 50.2 min) for maximizing oil yield; Y2 (temperature 55 ℃, pressure 20.4 MPa, equilibration time 38.8 min, extraction time 14.3 min) for maximizing squalene content; and Y3 (temperature 70 ℃, pressure 10.8 MPa, equilibration time 19.9 min, extraction time 41.1 min) for maximizing triterpene alcohol content. Under different extraction conditions, significant differences were observed in oil yield, squalene content, triterpene alcohol content and antioxidant capacity, whereas the fatty acid composition remained largely similar. The measured values under the optimal conditions were in good agreement with the model predictions: oil yield under Y1 was 23.96% (mass fraction), squalene content under Y2 was 288.89 mg·kg-1, and triterpene alcohol content under Y3 was 2 283.50 mg·kg-1. This study confirms that supercritical fluid extraction can selectively enhance the levels of bioactive compounds in C. oleifera seed oil, providing a theoretical reference and practical support for obtaining high-quality oil and promoting its high-value applications. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Synchronous extraction, purification, and functional activity analysis of naringin and neohesperidin from dried immature Huyou (Citrus ×aurantium Changshanhuyou) fruits WEI Liping, WANG Yangguang, YANG Ying, LU Shengmin 2026, 38(6):  1153-1163.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250529 Abstract ( 69 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (3767KB) ( 157 )   In order to efficiently extract naringin and neohesperidin enriched in dried immature Huyou (Citrus × aurantium Changshanhuyou, original medicinal material of Qu Aurantii Fructus) fruits, a synchronous extraction process using ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was carried through single-factor experiments, and the extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. AB-8 macroporous resin was selected to purify the crude extract, and the in vitro antioxidative and hypoglycemic activities of the extracts before and after purification were compared. The results showed that under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 43%, ultrasonic time 14 min, ultrasonic power 300 W, and solid-liquid ratio 1∶16 (g·mL-1), the yields of naringin and neohesperidin reached 133.19 mg·g-1and 99.23 mg·g-1, respectively, with a total yield of 232.42 mg·g-1. After purification, the purity of naringin and neohesperidin increased by 2.47 and 1.74 percentage points, respectively, and their DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rates, as well as α-glucosidase inhibition rate, were all significantly (p<0.05) improved. The results indicated that the extraction and purification process was simple and effective, and the extract exhibited good functional activities, providing a technological basis for the efficient extraction and application of bioactive compounds from dried immature Huyou fruits. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Crop Science

Select

Effects of exopolysaccharides on rice seed germination and sugar metabolism under cadmium stress JIANG Nan, DENG Xinyao, ZHONG Min, CHENG Xin 2026, 38(6):  1164-1176.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250338 Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 37 )   PDF (3896KB) ( 176 )   A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) on the growth,development and sugar metabolism of rice seeds during germination under cadmium (Cd) stress were investigated using hydroponics, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor was used to explore the signaling role of ROS in this process. The results showed that Cd stress severely inhibited rice seed germination, particularly root development. However, EPS supplementation significantly altered root architecture under Cd stress and promoted root elongation. ROS played a crucial regulatory role in seed germination, and reducing ROS levels strongly suppressed root growth. Cd stress moderately enhanced amylase activity during germination, while severely inhibiting the activities of key enzyines in the glycolytic pathway and reducing the contents of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose). Exogenous EPS notably altered pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase activities under Cd stress, suggesting that rice adapts to Cd stress by enhancing starch degradation and modulating sugar metabolism. Reducing ROS levels also increased total amylase and β-amylase activities, while significantly affecting sugar metabolic rates. ROS exhibited stage-dependent regulatory effects on the glycolytic pathway during rice germination. In summary, EPS effectively alleviated Cd-induced inhibition of rice seed germination, particularly in root morphology. The regulation of sugar metabolism may be a key mechanism underlying EPS bioactivity, with ROS likely serving as an important signaling molecule in this process. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comprehensive evaluation of 45 adzuki bean germplasms LAN Huijie, GAO Hongwei, JI Jiaruo, CAI Ruiguo, ZHANG Min, LIN Xiaohu, YANG Min 2026, 38(6):  1177-1186.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250640 Abstract ( 82 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF (1354KB) ( 175 )   As an important traditional coarse cereal crop in China, adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) holds significant value in both agricultural economy and nutritional health. However, the main production areas are facing bottleneck problems such as germplasm degradation, declining stress resistance, and separation of quality traits. In this study, 45 adzuki bean germplasm resources were used as materials to systematically determine agronomic traits and starch and crude protein contents. An improved membership function model based on the entropy weight method (EWM-UMF) was constructed, and principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were combined to analyze the trait association network, yielding comprehensive coefficients of the germplasms. The results showed that the coefficients of variation for pods per plant and seeds per plant were the highest, at 30.16% and 28.03%, respectively, while that for crude protein content was the lowest, at 4.27%. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components, representing yield component factors, seed size and branching characteristics, and plant morphology, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 69.860%. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the germplasms into three groups: Group Ⅰ consisted of 2 low-yield germplasms, Group Ⅱ consisted of 4 high-yield germplasms, and Group Ⅲ consisted of 39 medium-yield, large-seed, high-starch germplasms. Through comprehensive evaluation based on the membership function, five elite germplasms (A35, A40, A39, A11, and A13) were selected. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that plant height, stem diameter, branch number, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed yield per plant, and crude protein content were key evaluation indicators. This study innovatively integrates multi-dimensional statistical methods to form a hierarchical evaluation system, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the evaluation and selection of adzuki bean germplasm resources. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Animal Science

Select

Analysis of gut bacterial community characteristics in Penaeus japonicus with different body sizes CHEN Ting, LU Yangyang, CHEN Heping, XIA Wuqiang, CHEN Chen, LIU Wei, GUO Haipeng 2026, 38(6):  1187-1197.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250569 Abstract ( 82 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (9522KB) ( 167 )   To clarify the differences in gut bacterial communities among Penaeus japonicus with different sizes, this study analyzed the gut bacterial community characteristics of three size groups of Penaeus japonicus[large shrimp (body length ≥ 9 cm), medium shrimp (7.5 cm<body length<9 cm), and small shrimp (body length ≤ 7.5 cm)] using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology. The results showed that the α-diversity indices of the gut bacterial community in large and medium shrimps were lower than those in small shrimp, but their community structures were more gathered, with significantly higher within-group similarity and absolute values of negative/positive cohesion. These parameters were significantly positively correlated with shrimp’s body length and weight. The gut bacterial community was mainly composed of γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, α-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Among these, the average relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria exceeded 70%, and its abundance in large and medium shrimps was higher than that in small shrimp. The guts of large and medium shrimp were significantly enriched in Pseudomonas zOTU1 (zero-radius operational taxonomic unit), zOTU77, Campylobacter zOTU104, and Spongiibacter zOTU33, while the small shrimp gut was significantly enriched by eight zOTUs from Vibrionaceae and Motilimonas zOTU3, Pseudoalteromonas zOTU17. These taxa were significantly correlated with shrimp growth rate. The construction of the gut bacterial community conformed to the neutral model in all groups, but neutral process played a greater role in the bacterial communities of large and medium shrimps. Moreover, the relative abundance of zOTUs distributed within the neutral prediction range was higher in large and medium shrimp than in small shrimp. The zOTUs beyond the neutral prediction range in large and medium shrimp mainly consisted of γ-Proteobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, this study indicates that the gut bacterial community of Penaeus japonicus may be closely related to its growth and provides a theoretical basis for targeted regulation of shrimp growth. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Horticultural Science

Select

Effects of CaCl2 on growth and active substance content in broccoli sprouts CHEN Mengwei, ZHANG Chenglei, LIANG Xu, XIE Yongdong, YIN Xinxing 2026, 38(6):  1198-1208.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250624 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (1372KB) ( 155 )   To investigate the effects of CaCl2 seed soaking on the growth and bioactive compound content of broccoli sprouts and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of CaCl2 on glucosinolates at the molecular level, broccoli seeds were used as the test material. Seed soaking treatments were performed using 0 (CK), 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol·L-1CaCl2 solutions. Changes in growth indices, nutrient content, and glucosinolate content of the sprouts under different treatments were compared, and the expression levels of key genes involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that CaCl2 treatments at different concentrations all promoted the elongation growth of broccoli sprouts, but had no significant effect on biomass, vitamin C content, and chlorophyll content. Low-concentration CaCl2 treatments increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, carotenoids and aliphatic glucosinolates. All CaCl2 treatments upregulated the transcription levels of MYB28, Elong, CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74B1 and ST5b genes in broccoli sprouts. The comprehensive evaluation scores based on principal component analysis showed the ranking of overall effects for the five treatments as follows: 2.5 mmol·L-1CaCl2>1.0 mmol·L-1CaCl2>CK>10.0 mmol·L-1CaCl2>5.0 mmol·L-1CaCl2. In conclusion, CaCl2 seed soaking can promote the expression of genes related to aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts, with the 2.5 mmol·L-1CaCl2 treatment showing the best effect in promoting growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of labor-saving management in cross-shaped plane trellis cultivation on growth, fruit yield and quality of fruit mulberry variety Da 10 LI Kunfeng, LI Cheng, GAO Huaqi, HE Weiling, HUANG Lingxia 2026, 38(6):  1209-1217.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250616 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (1942KB) ( 158 )   To explore labor-saving cultivation methods in the cross-shaped plane trellis cultivation model for fruit mulberry and its effects on mulberry fruit quality, the fruit mulberry variety Da 10 grown under trellis cultivation was used as experimental material. Three treatments were set: basal pruning of the main branches (T1), pruning by retaining a single branch at the base of the main branch (T2), and pruning by retaining a single bud on the primary branch of the main branch (T3). Tree growth, labor usage, appearance indicators of mulberry fruits, nutritional indicators and relative contents of volatile substances were investigated. The results showed that the T2 treatment was simple and convenient to operate, saved labor and effort, resulted in uniform and stable thickness of the main branches and fruiting mother branches of the fruit mulberry, reduced tree bleeding, and prevention of outward shifting of fruiting positions, and performed well in terms of indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, and fruit transverse diameter. The internal nutritional quality, including contents of soluble solids, total sugar and total polyphenols were improved. Moreover, its average yield per plant was the highest, approximately 35.56 kg. There were no significant differences in the types of volatile compounds or the relative contents of the dominant compounds among the three treatments. In summary, the pruning method of retaining a single branch at the base of the main branch can effectively achieve labor-saving management in the cross-shaped trellis cultivation of fruit mulberry. This study explored and optimized the trellis cultivation model for fruit mulberry, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific management and precise regulation of fruit mulberry trellis cultivation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Bioinformatic analysis, subcellular lcalization, and expression analysis of SlTCP17 gene LOU Shihao, XU Jinxin, JI Zelin, WANG Tao, NIU Xiaohui, DENG Jiaying, ZHANG Tao, GUO Zhixin, PIAO Fengzhi, DONG Han 2026, 38(6):  1218-1227.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250715 Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF (2497KB) ( 171 )   TCP transcription factor is the core regulatory element to regulate plant growth and development and hormone signal transduction process. In order to discover the TCP family members in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) who respond to adversity stress, a TCP family gene SlTCP17 was cloned in this study. We systematically analyzed it by bioinformatics, subcellular localization and qRT-PCR technology. The results showed that SlTCP17 was located in the nucleus, encoding an unstable hydrophilic protein with a relative molecular weight of 45.26 ku, and its secondary structure was mainly random coil (62.74%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that SlTCP17 and SlTCP23 have the highest affinity, followed by AtTCP8. The promoter region was rich in a variety of Cis-acting element related to stress, hormones and light response. The gene showed tissue specificity of high expression in leaves and low expression in roots, and its transcription level was induced by drought, but inhibited by salt and Phytophthora capsici infection. These findings indicate that SlTCP17 is widely involved in the regulation of tomato stress response, which lays a foundation for explaining its molecular mechanism. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Determination and evaluation of nutrient contents in bulbs of 10 lily varieties DENG Yundan, LU Chengrui, LI Lushan, XU Yongyan 2026, 38(6):  1228-1235.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250236 Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (866KB) ( 164 )   In recent years, with the increasing demand of consumers for healthy diet, the nutritional value and taste of lily have attracted more and more attention. To explore the main nutrient contents in different lily bulbs and screen out lily varieties that meet the needs of the public, this study measured the main nutrient contents (vitamin C, amino acids, soluble sugars, starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, moisture, and alkaloids) in bulbs of 10 common lily varieties, and comprehensively evaluated their nutritional quality using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant(p<0.05) differences in the nutrient contents among different lily bulbs, especially in vitamin C and crude protein. Correlation analysis showed that vitamin C content was significantly negatively correlated with amino acid, crude protein and moisture content, and significantly positively correlated with alkaloid content. According to the results of cluster analysis, ten lily varieties were divided into three categories, and three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 82.233%. The top five lilies with comprehensive nutritional quality scores were Lilium spp. 01 Huang, Lilium spp. 03 Bai, Lilium lancifolium, Lilium spp. 02 Dahong and Lilium davidii var. unicolor. Five common lily varieties with high nutritional value were selected in this study. Among them, Lilium spp. 01 Huang had the best comprehensive nutritional quality, which laid a foundation for the development and utilization of edible lily germplasm resources. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environmental Science

Select

Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application on the growth and soil enzyme activity of alfalfa in southern red soil WANG Rongli, XU Zixin, ZHANG Zhenwu, WU Huixin, XING Chenghua 2026, 38(6):  1236-1245.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241011 Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 162 )   To investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application on the growth of alfalfa and soil enzyme activities in the southern red soil, six treatments were established: CK, N100, N80, N80+BC, N60, and N60+BC. The plant height, leaf area, root activity, fresh grass production of alfalfa, and the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase were measured at different growth stages under each treatment. The results showed that the N80+BC treatment exhibited the best growth-promoting effects at all growth stages, with higher plant height, leaf area, root activity, and fresh forage yield than the other treatments. At the maturity stage, the above indicators under the N80+BC treatment were significantly increased by 25.12%, 42.77%, 194.11%, and 247.23% compared with CK, and by 26.87%, 31.53%, 41.57%, and 45.03% compared with N80, respectively. The activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and catalase under the N80+BC treatment were also the highest, which were significantly increased by 38.46%, 29.22%, and 59.90% compared with CK, and by 31.71%, 29.09%, and 33.20% compared with N80, respectively. In summary, nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application can promote the growth of alfalfa and increase soil enzyme activities in the red soil region of southern China, with the treatment of 20% nitrogen reduction combined with biochar showing the best effects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of different organic materials and application depth on soil improvement and crop growth in coastal farmland WANG Feng, CHAI Weigang, ZHU Shijun, LIU Jian, YAO Hongyan, JIN Shuquan 2026, 38(6):  1246-1257.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240487 Abstract ( 84 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (1178KB) ( 175 )   A field experiment was carried out in a typical coastal saline-alkali cultivated soil in northern Zhejiang Province, with the annual rotation system of vegetable soybean and broccoli as the research object. The effects of different organic materials (KW: kitchen waste, MR: mushroom residue, OBF: biochar+organic fertilizer, MBF: biochar-based fertilizer) and application depth(D: Deep application, with fertilizer incorporated by rotary tillage to a depth of 30 cm; M: Shallow application, with fertilizer incorporated by rotary tillage to a depth of 20 cm; S: Surface application, with fertilizer applied to the surface of the soil layer)on soil properties and crop growth were analyzed. Our results showed that application of different organic materials could promote the growth of vegetable soybean and broccoli. Under the four treatments (D-OBF, D-MBF, M-OBF, and M-MBF), the yields of vegetable soybean and broccoli were all higher. The edamame yield reached 10.0-10.8 t·hm-2, representing a 31.6%-42.1% increase over the CK, while the broccoli yield was 16.0-16.7 t·hm-2, showing a 27.0%-32.5% increase compared to CK, and the annual economic benefit was 5 534-8 164 yuan·hm-2. Deep and shallow application treatment significantly decreased the soil EC, while deep application significantly increased the soil organic matter content in the entire topsoil layer. The organic matter content in the top surface layer (0-15 cm) under D-MBF and D-OBF treatment increased 1.7-2.2 g·kg-1and 0.9-1.4 g·kg-1in the lower surface layer (16-30 cm), respectively, compared with CK. Therefore, the application of biochar combined with organic fertilizer or biochar-based fertilizer combined with moderate deep ploughing has a good effect on the improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil, and this technology has a great potential for application in China’s coastal middle and low yield fields. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biosystem Engineering

Select

Recognition method for blueberry ripeness and fruit clusters based on YOLO-AIFI LI Gonglei, HUANG Keyue, LIU Yinghao, ZHANG Chenwen, LI Zitong, WU Delin 2026, 38(6):  1258-1270.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250732 Abstract ( 83 )   HTML ( 41 )   PDF (9372KB) ( 171 )   Aiming at the problem of reduced fruit quality caused by inconsistent ripeness of blueberry fruit clusters and mixed harvested fruits, we propose an improved model of YOLO-AIFI based on YOLO11n, to realize the automatic recognition of blueberry fruit clusters. Three core improvements are introduced into the original YOLO11n framework: a dynamic phantom convolution module is adopted to reduce feature redundancy, a dynamic upsampling module is integrated to enhance feature resolution, and the AIFI (attention-based intra-scale feature interaction) attention mechanism is embedded to strengthen global feature interaction capability. Taking the spatial coordinates of blueberry fruits detected by YOLO-AIFI as a point set, the unsupervised k-means clustering algorithm was applied to identify complete blueberry fruit cluster structures. Experimental validation was conducted on a self-collected dataset containing 3 346 blueberry images. The results demonstrated that the precision of YOLO-AIFI reached 85.0%, the recall rate was 78.9%, and the mAP@0.5 (mean average precision at an intersection over union threshold of 0.5) achieved 82.5% on the test set, which were 3.0, 3.4, and 2.8 percentage points higher than those of the original YOLO11n, respectively. The proposed method maintains superior detection accuracy under complex conditions such as variable illumination, fruit occlusion and dense small-target scenarios, and its overall performance is significantly better than mainstream lightweight models including YOLOv5n. Cross-weather and cross-scene verification on fruits from the same producing area, as well as practical deployment tests on embedded devices, further verifies that the optimized model possesses excellent generalization ability and practical application adaptability for blueberry ripeness detection. On the basis of high-precision discrete fruit detection results output by YOLO-AIFI, the k-means clustering algorithm automatically aggregates spatially adjacent fruit center points into independent clusters, thereby achieving effective recognition and localization of blueberry fruit clusters in natural environments. This study provides a reliable visual detection solution for the automatic harvesting of blueberries. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

Research progress on ultrasound modification of tuber and root starches XIONG Shujian, XIA Qiquan, HU Weiwei 2026, 38(6):  1271-1284.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20260040 Abstract ( 74 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (2136KB) ( 170 )   As important non-cereal starch sources, tuber and root starches not only provide dietary energy, but are also suitable for the food and pharmaceutical fields due to their unique granule characteristics and good emulsifying and gelling properties. However, natural tuber and root starches often suffer from limitations such as low thermal stability and high retrogradation tendency, which restrict their further applications. Ultrasound, a green and efficient non-thermal physical processing technique, avoids chemical reagent residues and minimizes thermal damage to the sensory and nutritional quality of products, demonstrating distinct advantages in starch modification. To expand the applications of root and tuber starches in food and pharmaceutical fields, this review systematically summarizes their structural and property characteristics, and then analyzes the effects of ultrasound on the multi-scale structure of starch and the resulting evolution of physicochemical properties and modification mechanisms. Furthermore, the intrinsic relationships between ultrasound-induced structural changes and processing characteristics, including thermodynamic, pasting, and rheological properties, are further discussed. By summarizing recent advances in ultrasound modification of root and tuber starches, this review provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the application of non-thermal ultrasonic technology in the value-added processing of these starches. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of deep learning in rapid and non-destructive detection for freshness of animal-derived foods TANG Xiao 2026, 38(6):  1285-1296.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250797 Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF (1323KB) ( 159 )   Animal-derived foods are nutrient-rich and have a high biological value, but they are highly susceptible to contamination by foodborne pathogens. Traditional freshness detection methods are destructive, time-consuming, require skilled personnel to operate, and involve complex sample preparation procedures. In contrast, new rapid and non-destructive detection technologies exhibit high sensitivity, short response time, ease of operation, and non-invasiveness, although their data accuracy still needs improvement. In recent years, rapid advancements in deep learning have provided more accurate identification results for food freshness detection and enabled high-throughput detection. This paper systematically analyzes the application of deep learning in the rapid and non-destructive detection for freshness of animal-derived foods, including commonly used techniques for rapid and non-destructive detection of freshness and their drawbacks, the application of deep learning in the rapid and non-destructive detection of major animal-derived foods such as eggs, livestock and poultry meat, and aquatic products as well as the adaptability and improvement effects of different deep learning models on these technologies. It also summarizes and prospects the limitations and development directions of deep learning, aiming to provide a reference for further research and application of deep learning in the rapid and non-destructive detection for freshness of animal-derived foods. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics