Effects of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics and turf quality of bermudagrass

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.11

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 841-852.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.11

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics and turf quality of bermudagrass

DENG Peichao()

College of Golf Education, Hunan Golf and Tourism College, Changde 415000, Hunan, China

Received:2021-12-13 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

Abstract

Abstract:

To provide theoretical basis for the expansion of bermudagrass vegetations, Cyndon dactylon × C. trasvalensis cv. Tifsport was used as the material to study the effects of different concentrations of growth regulators (antitransexate, chlormequat, paclobutrazol, diquat, ethephon and gibberellin) on the growth characteristics and turf quality of bermudagrass. The results demonstrated that according to the subordinate function, the recommended application concentrations of the plant growth regulators were as follows: 2.0 kg·hm^-2 of trinexapac-ethyl, 2.0 kg·hm^-2 chlormequat chloride, 0.5 kg·hm^-2 paclobutrazol, 0.1 kg·hm^-2 diquat, 2.0 kg·hm^-2 ethephon and 0.02 kg·hm^-2 gibberellin. At the recommended application concentration of each plant growth regulator, except diquat treatments (applied at 0.1 kg·hm^-2 caused 15.3% of damage rate), the other five plant growth regulators did not cause damage at the recommended concentrations. Paclobutrazol did not affect the leaf color (the leaf color score was still more than 7.0). Compared with the control, the height and leaf length were significantly reduced by the application of trinexapac-ethyl, chlorocholine chloride, paclobutrazol and ethephon (the decline rate was more than 20%). The number of stolons had no significant change by application of ethephon at all concentrations, but diquat and gibberellic acid could significantly reduce the number of stolons. Diquat was not suitable as a growth inhibitor to control the growth of bermudagrass. Application at 2.0 kg·hm^-2 trinexapac-ethyl inhibited the stolon and internode length showed and no effect on the stolon number and turf quality of bermudagrass.

Key words: Cynodon dactylon, trinexapac-ethyl, chlorocholine chloride, gibberellic acid, diquat

CLC Number:

S668.4

DENG Peichao. Effects of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics and turf quality of bermudagrass[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 841-852.

Figures/Tables 10

References 30

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分类 Classification	植物生长调节剂名称 Plant growth regulators common name	相对有效活性成分 Relative active ingredient concentration/%	英文缩写 Abbreviation
赤霉素抑制剂	抗倒酯Trinexapac-ethyl	11.6	TE
Gibberellin inhibitor	矮壮素Chlormequat chloride	48.3	CCC
	多效唑Paclobutrazol	24.3	PB
除草剂Herbicide	敌草快Diquat	15.2	DQ
激素化合物	乙烯利Ethephon	41.3	EP
Hormone compound	赤霉素Gibberellin	40.0	GA

分类 Classification	植物生长调节剂名称 Plant growth regulators common name	相对有效活性成分 Relative active ingredient concentration/%	英文缩写 Abbreviation
赤霉素抑制剂	抗倒酯Trinexapac-ethyl	11.6	TE
Gibberellin inhibitor	矮壮素Chlormequat chloride	48.3	CCC
	多效唑Paclobutrazol	24.3	PB
除草剂Herbicide	敌草快Diquat	15.2	DQ
激素化合物	乙烯利Ethephon	41.3	EP
Hormone compound	赤霉素Gibberellin	40.0	GA

处理 Treatment	施用量Application rate/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	TE	CCC	PB	DQ	EP	GA
R1	0.5	2.0	0.5	0.05	2.0	0.02
R2	1.0	4.0	1.0	0.1	4.0	0.04
R3	2.0	8.0	2.0	0.2	8.0	0.08
R4	4.0	16.0	4.0	0.4	16.0	0.16
R5	8.0	32.0	8.0	0.8	32.0	0.32
R6	16.0	64.0	16.0	1.6	64.0	0.64
R7	32.0	128.0	32.0	3.2	128.0	1.28

处理 Treatment	施用量Application rate/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	TE	CCC	PB	DQ	EP	GA
R1	0.5	2.0	0.5	0.05	2.0	0.02
R2	1.0	4.0	1.0	0.1	4.0	0.04
R3	2.0	8.0	2.0	0.2	8.0	0.08
R4	4.0	16.0	4.0	0.4	16.0	0.16
R5	8.0	32.0	8.0	0.8	32.0	0.32
R6	16.0	64.0	16.0	1.6	64.0	0.64
R7	32.0	128.0	32.0	3.2	128.0	1.28

指标 Index	评分Score					权重系数 Weight coefficient
指标 Index	5	4	3	2	1	权重系数 Weight coefficient
密度/(根·cm^-2)	≥0.8	>0.6~0.8	>0.4~0.6	>0.3~0.4	≤0.3	0.25
Density/(root·cm^-2)
颜色 Colour	墨绿 Blackish green	深绿 Dark green	绿 Green	浅绿 Light green	黄绿 Yellow-green	0.20
质地Texture/mm	≤3	>3~4	>4~5	>5~6	≥6	0.25
盖度Coverage/%	>90~100	>80~90	>70~80	>60~70	≤60	0.15
均一性 Homogeneity	很整齐 Perfectly neat	整齐 Neat	基本均一 Basically homogeneous	不均匀 Inhomogeneous	杂乱 Disorder	0.15

Effects of plant growth regulators on growth characteristics and turf quality of bermudagrass

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处理 Treatment	损伤率Turf injury/%
处理 Treatment	TE	CCC	PB	DQ	EP	GA
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0
R1	0	0	0	8.7±0.88 g	0	0
R2	0	0	0	15.3±0.88 f	10.2±1.15 e	0
R3	1.7±0.88 e	2.4±0.58 de	0	19.4±1.86 e	13.4±1.2 de	0
R4	12.1±1.15 d	5.6±1.76 d	0	40.6±1.45 d	16.5±1.86 d	0
R5	20.4±0.88 c	10.2±1.45 c	0	89.5±1.21 c	30.2±0.88 c	0
R6	33.5±0.88 b	27.4±1.86 b	0	94.3±1.03 b	41.5±1.45 b	0
R7	83.4±3.93 a	35.6±1.76 a	0	98.1±0.88 a	63.4±1.23 a	0
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	—	<0.001	<0.001	—

处理 Treatment		密度 Density	质地 Texture	颜色 Color	均一性 Homogeneity	盖度 Coverage	综合评价值 Comprehensive evaluation value
TE	CK	3.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 d	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.58±0.07 a
	R1	3.33±0.33 a	3.67±0.33 c	2.67±0.33 ab	4.33±0.33 b	4.67±0.33 a	3.70±0.09 a
	R2	3.00±0 ab	4.33±0.33 b	2.33±0.33 ab	4.00±0 bc	4.33±0.33 a	3.68±0.07 a
	R3	2.33±0.33 bc	5.00±0 a	2.67±0.33 ab	4.00±0 cd	4.00±0 a	3.63±0.08 a
	R4	1.67±0.33 cd	5.00±0 a	2.67±0.33 ab	3.00±0.58 d	2.33±0.33 b	2.87±0.09 b
	R5	1.33±0.33 d	5.00±0 a	2.33±0.33 ab	2.67±0.33 de	2.00±0 bc	2.68±0.12 b
	R6	1.00±0 d	5.00±0 a	2.00±0 bc	2.00±0 e	1.33±0.33 cd	2.40±0.05 c
	R7	1.00±0 d	5.00±0 a	1.33±0.33 c	1.33±0.33 f	1.00±0 d	2.05±0.05 d
CCC	CK	3.33±0.33 c	3.00±0 b	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.58±0.07 bc
	R1	4.67±0.33 a	4.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.33±0.33 ab	4.20±0.14 a
	R2	4.00±0.58 ab	4.67±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	4.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.07±0.27 a
	R3	3.33±0.33 c	5.00±0 a	2.33±0.33 b	3.67±0.33 a	4.33±0.33 ab	3.75±0.15 ab
	R4	3.67±0.33 ab	4.67±0.33 a	2.00±0 b	4.00±0.58 a	3.33±0.33 b	3.58±0.07 bc
	R5	3.67±0.33 ab	5.00±0 a	2.33±0.33 b	2.33±0.33 b	3.67±0.33 ab	3.53±0.19 bcd
	R6	3.33±0.33 c	5.00±0 a	2.00±0 b	2.33±0.33 b	2.33±0.33 c	3.18±0.09 cd
	R7	3.33±0.33 c	5.00±0 a	2.00±0 b	2.00±0 b	2.00±0 c	3.08±0.08 d
PB	CK	3.33±0.33 ab	3.00±0 a	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.58±0.07 a
	R1	3.67±0.33 a	2.33±0.67 a	3.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 b	4.67±0.33 a	3.47±0.16 a
	R2	3.33±0.33 ab	3.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 b	4.33±0.33 ab	3.42±0.20 a
	R3	3.33±0.33 ab	3.00±0.58 a	3.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 b	4.00±0.58 ab	3.28±0.19 ab
	R4	2.33±0.33 bc	3.00±0.58 a	3.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 b	3.67±0.33 ab	3.15±0.14 ab
	R5	1.67±0.33 cd	2.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 b	3.67±0.33 ab	2.90±0.20 bc
	R6	1.33±0.33 d	2.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	3.67±0.33 ab	3.33±0.33 bc	2.65±0 c
	R7	1.00±0 d	2.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	3.67±0.33 ab	2.33±0.33 c	2.58±0.12 c
DQ	CK	3.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.58±0.07 a
	R1	1.67±0.33 b	2.33±0.33 bc	2.67±0.33 a	2.67±0.33 b	2.67±0.33 b	2.33±0.08 b
	R2	1.67±0.33 b	3.00±0 a	2.67±0.33 a	2.33±0.33 bc	1.67±0.33 c	2.30±0.23 b
	R3	1.00±0 b	2.00±0 c	2.33±0.33 a	2.00±0 bc	1.33±0.33 c	1.72±0.06 c
	R4	1.33±0.33 b	2.67±0.33 ab	2.33±0.33 a	1.67±0.33 c	1.00±0 c	1.87±0.10 c
	R5	—	—	—	—	—	—
	R6	—	—	—	—	—	—
	R7	—	—	—	—	—	—
EP	CK	3.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 c	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.58±0.07 ab
	R1	3.33±0.33 a	3.67±0.33 bc	3.33±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	5.00±0 a	3.87±0.15a
	R2	3.00±0.58 a	4.33±0.33 ab	3.00±0 a	3.67±0.33 ab	4.33±0.33 a	3.63±0.04 ab
	R3	3.33±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 bc	3.33±0.33 b	3.60±0.24 ab
	R4	3.00±0.58 a	5.00±0 a	3.33±0.33 a	3.33±0.33 bc	3.33±0.33 b	3.67±0.21 ab
	R5	3.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.00±0 a	2.67±0.33 bcd	2.67±0.33 bc	3.48±0.02 abc
	R6	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.33±0.33 a	2.33±0.33 cd	2.33±0.33 c	3.28±0.18 bc
	R7	2.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 a	3.33±0.33 a	1.67±0.33 d	2.00±0 c	3.05±0.06 c
GA	CK	3.33±0.33 a	3.00±0 bc	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	4.67±0.33 ab	3.58±0.07 a
	R1	3.33±0.33 a	3.33±0.33 ab	3.00±0 a	4.67±0.33 a	5.00±0 a	3.72±0.13 a
	R2	3.00±0 ab	4.00±0.58 a	2.67±0.33 ab	4.33±0.33 ab	4.33±0.33 ab	3.58±0.15 a
	R3	2.33±0.33 bc	2.33±0.33 bc	2.33±0.33 ab	4.00±0.58 ab	4.33±0.33 ab	2.88±0.19 b
	R4	2.33±0.33 bc	2.33±0.33 bc	2.67±0.33 ab	3.33±0.33 bc	4.00±0 ab	2.80±0.13 b
	R5	2.00±0 c	2.67±0.33 bc	2.67±0.33 ab	2.67±0.33 c	3.67±0.33 bc	2.65±0.13 b
	R6	1.67±0.33 cd	2.00±0 c	2.00±0 b	3.33±0.33 bc	2.67±0.67 cd	2.22±0.12 c
	R7	1.00±0 d	2.00±0 c	2.33±0.33 ab	3.33±0.33 bc	2.33±0.33 d	2.07±0.10 c

处理 Treatment		μ₁	μ₂	μ₃	μ₄	μ₅	μ₆	μ₇	μ₈	S	排名 Rank
TE	R1	1.000 0	0.965 5	0.645 2	1.000 0	0.035 7	0.100 0	0.811 0	1.000 0	0.694 7	4
	R3	0.979 6	0.948 3	0.483 9	0.863 6	0.848 2	0.650 0	0.694 7	0.957 6	0.803 2	1
CCC	R1	1.000 0	0.866 7	0.210 5	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.600 0	0.632 5	1.000 0	0.788 7	2
	R2	1.000 0	0.866 7	0.315 8	0.571 4	0.185 2	0.600 0	0.607 4	0.883 9	0.628 8	7
PB	R1	1.000 0	0.800 0	0.727 3	1.000 0	0.000 0	0.381 0	0.761 0	0.890 0	0.694 9	3
	R2	1.000 0	0.600 0	0.545 5	0.851 9	0.258 1	0.428 6	0.501 6	0.840 0	0.628 2	8
DQ	R1	0.911 3	0.454 5	0.333 3	0.000 0	1.000 0	0.400 0	0.267 7	0.328 0	0.461 9	12
	R2	0.844 0	0.636 4	1.000 0	0.000 0	0.909 1	0.000 0	0.059 5	0.311 8	0.470 1	11
EP	R1	1.000 0	1.000 0	0.320 0	0.666 7	0.272 7	0.000 0	0.818 8	1.000 0	0.634 8	6
	R4	0.739 7	0.733 3	0.280 0	0.833 3	0.000 0	0.923 1	0.220 5	0.756 1	0.560 8	10
GA	R1	1.000 0	0.777 8	0.190 5	0.826 1	0.578 9	1.000 0	0.000 0	1.000 0	0.671 7	5
	R3	1.000 0	0.444 4	0.476 2	0.521 7	0.421 1	1.000 0	0.200 0	0.490 9	0.569 3	9

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