Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 2901-2913.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221841
• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles
Active organic carbon, microbial community structure and their relationship in rice rhizosphere soil of rice-crayfish co-culture systems
HAO Liuliu1,2(
), DAI Lili2, PENG Liang2, CHEN Siyuan2, TAO Ling2, LI Gu2, ZHANG Hui2,*()
- 1. College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
2. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 420322, China
-
Received:2022-12-29Online:2023-12-25Published:2023-12-27
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Cite this article
HAO Liuliu, DAI Lili, PENG Liang, CHEN Siyuan, TAO Ling, LI Gu, ZHANG Hui. Active organic carbon, microbial community structure and their relationship in rice rhizosphere soil of rice-crayfish co-culture systems[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(12): 2901-2913.
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Table 1 Physiochemical properties of the surface soil (0-20 cm) before the experiment
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus/ (g·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CR | 7.93±0.06 | 2.64±0.25 | 0.97±0.14 |
| MR | 7.00±0.39 | 1.73±0.54 | 0.75±0.22 |
Table 1 Physiochemical properties of the surface soil (0-20 cm) before the experiment
| 处理 Treatment | pH | 全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus/ (g·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CR | 7.93±0.06 | 2.64±0.25 | 0.97±0.14 |
| MR | 7.00±0.39 | 1.73±0.54 | 0.75±0.22 |
Fig.1 Total organic carbon (TOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) contents in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.
Fig.1 Total organic carbon (TOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) contents in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.
Fig.2 Labile organic carbon (LOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.2 Labile organic carbon (LOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.3 Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.3 Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages
Table 2 Rhizosphere microbial diversity indexes under treatments at varied growth stages
| 生育期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | OTU数量 OTU quantity | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | ACE指数 ACE index | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 分蘖期 | CR | 2 108±29 | 2 209±28 | 2 180±28 | 9.65±0.14 | 0.997±0.001 |
| Tillering stage | MR | 2 124±104 | 2 252±82 | 2 221±86 | 9.89±0.12 | 0.998±0.001 |
| 抽穗期 | CR | 2 030±51 | 2 173±17 | 2 134±22 | 9.51±0.10 | 0.996±0.001 |
| Heading stage | MR | 2 044±153 | 2 193±131 | 2 165±128 | 9.67±0.20 | 0.998±0.001 |
| 成熟期 | CR | 2 059±8 | 2 202±18 | 2 172±14 | 9.75±0.02 | 0.997±0.001 |
| Maturity stage | MR | 1 985±251 | 2 151±196 | 2 109±217 | 9.47±0.51 | 0.997±0.002 |
Table 2 Rhizosphere microbial diversity indexes under treatments at varied growth stages
| 生育期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | OTU数量 OTU quantity | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | ACE指数 ACE index | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 分蘖期 | CR | 2 108±29 | 2 209±28 | 2 180±28 | 9.65±0.14 | 0.997±0.001 |
| Tillering stage | MR | 2 124±104 | 2 252±82 | 2 221±86 | 9.89±0.12 | 0.998±0.001 |
| 抽穗期 | CR | 2 030±51 | 2 173±17 | 2 134±22 | 9.51±0.10 | 0.996±0.001 |
| Heading stage | MR | 2 044±153 | 2 193±131 | 2 165±128 | 9.67±0.20 | 0.998±0.001 |
| 成熟期 | CR | 2 059±8 | 2 202±18 | 2 172±14 | 9.75±0.02 | 0.997±0.001 |
| Maturity stage | MR | 1 985±251 | 2 151±196 | 2 109±217 | 9.47±0.51 | 0.997±0.002 |
Fig.4 Relative abundances of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil at phylum level under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.4 Relative abundances of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil at phylum level under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.5 Relative abundances of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil at genus level under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.5 Relative abundances of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil at genus level under treatments at varied growth stages
Fig.6 Principle component analysis (PCA) of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages PC1, Principle component 1; PC2, Principle component 2. CR07, CR09, CR10 represent samples collected at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage under CR treatment, respectively. MR07, MR09, MR10 represent samples collected at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage under MR treatment, respectively.The same as below.
Fig.6 Principle component analysis (PCA) of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil under treatments at varied growth stages PC1, Principle component 1; PC2, Principle component 2. CR07, CR09, CR10 represent samples collected at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage under CR treatment, respectively. MR07, MR09, MR10 represent samples collected at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage under MR treatment, respectively.The same as below.
Table 3 Abundance of KEGG metabolism pathways of rhizosphere microbes under treatments at varied growth stages %
| 代谢通路 Metabolism pathway | 分蘖期Tillering stage | 抽穗期Heading stage | 成熟期Maturity stage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR | MR | CR | MR | CR | MR | |
| 氧化磷酸化Oxidative phosphorylation | 1.47±0.01 | 1.46±0.01 | 1.48±0.02 | 1.48±0.01 | 1.47±0.01 | 1.48±0.02 |
| 原核生物的碳固定途径 | 1.08±0.01 a | 1.06±0.01 b | 1.08±0.01 | 1.07±0.01 | 1.09±0.01 | 1.06±0.03 |
| Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes | ||||||
| 丙酮酸代谢Pyruvate metabolism | 1.03±0.01 a | 1.03±0.01 b | 1.03±0.00 | 1.02±0.01 | 1.04±0.01 | 1.02±0.01 |
| 氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.96±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 |
| Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism | ||||||
| 糖酵解/糖异生Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis | 0.93±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 |
| 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 |
| Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | ||||||
| 半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 |
| Cysteine and methionine metabolism | ||||||
| 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.82±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.82±0.01 |
| Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism | ||||||
| 柠檬酸盐循环(TCA循环)Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 0.79±0.01 | 0.77±0.01 | 0.79±0.01 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.79±0.01 | 0.77±0.02 |
| 苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.76±0.01 | 0.77±0.01 | 0.76±0.01 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.76±0.02 |
| Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis | ||||||
| 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.74±0.01 |
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | ||||||
| 丙酸代谢Propanoate metabolism | 0.69±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 0.71±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 b | 0.71±0.01 a |
| 丁酸代谢Butanoate metabolism | 0.68±0.01 | 0.68±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 |
| 甲烷代谢Methane metabolism | 0.67±0.01 a | 0.65±0.01 b | 0.67±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.66±0.01 | 0.63±0.02 |
| 卟啉和叶绿素代谢 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 |
| Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism | ||||||
| 一个叶酸碳库One carbon pool by folate | 0.63±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 |
| 磷酸戊糖途径Pentose phosphate pathway | 0.59±0.01 b | 0.62±0.01 a | 0.60±0.01 b | 0.61±0.01 a | 0.60±0.01 | 0.61±0.01 |
| 缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解 | 0.56±0.01 | 0.58±0.01 | 0.57±0.01 | 0.61±0.01 | 0.57±0.01 | 0.61±0.02 |
| Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation | ||||||
| 淀粉和蔗糖代谢Starch and sucrose metabolism | 0.52±0.01 | 0.55±0.01 | 0.53±0.01 | 0.54±0.01 | 0.53±0.01 | 0.55±0.03 |
| 泛酸和辅酶A生物合成 | 0.56±0.01 a | 0.55±0.01 b | 0.56±0.01 | 0.55±0.01 | 0.57±0.01 | 0.55±0.01 |
| Pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis | ||||||
Table 3 Abundance of KEGG metabolism pathways of rhizosphere microbes under treatments at varied growth stages %
| 代谢通路 Metabolism pathway | 分蘖期Tillering stage | 抽穗期Heading stage | 成熟期Maturity stage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR | MR | CR | MR | CR | MR | |
| 氧化磷酸化Oxidative phosphorylation | 1.47±0.01 | 1.46±0.01 | 1.48±0.02 | 1.48±0.01 | 1.47±0.01 | 1.48±0.02 |
| 原核生物的碳固定途径 | 1.08±0.01 a | 1.06±0.01 b | 1.08±0.01 | 1.07±0.01 | 1.09±0.01 | 1.06±0.03 |
| Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes | ||||||
| 丙酮酸代谢Pyruvate metabolism | 1.03±0.01 a | 1.03±0.01 b | 1.03±0.00 | 1.02±0.01 | 1.04±0.01 | 1.02±0.01 |
| 氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.96±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 |
| Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism | ||||||
| 糖酵解/糖异生Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis | 0.93±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 |
| 乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | 0.95±0.01 |
| Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | ||||||
| 半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 |
| Cysteine and methionine metabolism | ||||||
| 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.82±0.01 | 0.81±0.01 | 0.82±0.01 |
| Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism | ||||||
| 柠檬酸盐循环(TCA循环)Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 0.79±0.01 | 0.77±0.01 | 0.79±0.01 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.79±0.01 | 0.77±0.02 |
| 苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.76±0.01 | 0.77±0.01 | 0.76±0.01 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.76±0.02 |
| Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis | ||||||
| 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.74±0.01 |
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | ||||||
| 丙酸代谢Propanoate metabolism | 0.69±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 0.71±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 b | 0.71±0.01 a |
| 丁酸代谢Butanoate metabolism | 0.68±0.01 | 0.68±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.69±0.01 |
| 甲烷代谢Methane metabolism | 0.67±0.01 a | 0.65±0.01 b | 0.67±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.66±0.01 | 0.63±0.02 |
| 卟啉和叶绿素代谢 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.64±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 |
| Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism | ||||||
| 一个叶酸碳库One carbon pool by folate | 0.63±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 | 0.63±0.01 | 0.62±0.01 |
| 磷酸戊糖途径Pentose phosphate pathway | 0.59±0.01 b | 0.62±0.01 a | 0.60±0.01 b | 0.61±0.01 a | 0.60±0.01 | 0.61±0.01 |
| 缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解 | 0.56±0.01 | 0.58±0.01 | 0.57±0.01 | 0.61±0.01 | 0.57±0.01 | 0.61±0.02 |
| Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation | ||||||
| 淀粉和蔗糖代谢Starch and sucrose metabolism | 0.52±0.01 | 0.55±0.01 | 0.53±0.01 | 0.54±0.01 | 0.53±0.01 | 0.55±0.03 |
| 泛酸和辅酶A生物合成 | 0.56±0.01 a | 0.55±0.01 b | 0.56±0.01 | 0.55±0.01 | 0.57±0.01 | 0.55±0.01 |
| Pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis | ||||||
Fig.7 Correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) of rhizosphere microbial community (at genus level) and organic carbon components 1, Unclassified_Bacteria;2, Unclassified_Anaerolineaceae;3, Unclassified_Vicinamibacterales;4, Uncultured_soil_bacterium;5, Unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae;6, Unclassified_Vicinamibacteraceae;7, Unclassified_Steroidobacteraceae;8, Anaeromyxobacter;9, Unclassified_Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17;10, Unclassified_Thermodesulfovibrionia;11, Candidatus_Solibacter;12, Uncultured_prokaryote;13, MND1;14, Unclassified_SC_I_84;15, Uncultured_Chloroflexi_bacterium;16, Unclassified_Subgroup_17;17, Anaerolinea;18, Unclassified_Xanthobacteraceae;19, Haliangium;20, Unclassified_Geobacteraceae。TOC, Total orgaic carbon; POC, Particulate organic carbon; LOC, Labile organic carbon; DOC, Dissoloved organic carbon; MBC, Microbial biomass carbon; TN, Total nitrogen. “*” and “**” represent significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively.
Fig.7 Correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) of rhizosphere microbial community (at genus level) and organic carbon components 1, Unclassified_Bacteria;2, Unclassified_Anaerolineaceae;3, Unclassified_Vicinamibacterales;4, Uncultured_soil_bacterium;5, Unclassified_Gemmatimonadaceae;6, Unclassified_Vicinamibacteraceae;7, Unclassified_Steroidobacteraceae;8, Anaeromyxobacter;9, Unclassified_Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17;10, Unclassified_Thermodesulfovibrionia;11, Candidatus_Solibacter;12, Uncultured_prokaryote;13, MND1;14, Unclassified_SC_I_84;15, Uncultured_Chloroflexi_bacterium;16, Unclassified_Subgroup_17;17, Anaerolinea;18, Unclassified_Xanthobacteraceae;19, Haliangium;20, Unclassified_Geobacteraceae。TOC, Total orgaic carbon; POC, Particulate organic carbon; LOC, Labile organic carbon; DOC, Dissoloved organic carbon; MBC, Microbial biomass carbon; TN, Total nitrogen. “*” and “**” represent significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively.
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