Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction on crop yield, nitrogen absorption and runoff loss

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230023

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 846-858.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230023

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Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction on crop yield, nitrogen absorption and runoff loss

CHEN Junlin(), JIANG Na, LIU Xin, ZHUO Hong, TIAN Chang, HAN Yongliang, ZHANG Yuping, RONG Xiangmin()

National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received:2023-01-06 Online:2024-04-25 Published:2024-04-29
Contact: RONG Xiangmin

Abstract

Abstract:

Maize-vegetable rotation is one of the main dryland cultivation methods in hilly and mountainous farming areas in southern China. In order to guide the rational fertilization, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, a field experiment was conducted in 2020-2021 to explore the effects of controlled-release nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduction on crop yield, N absorption, and N runoff loss in the maize-pakchoi rotation system. There were six treatments in this experiment: CK, No N fertilizer supplied; U, conventional fertilization with urea; CRU, application of controlled-release N fertilizer with the same N input amount as U treatment; 90%CRU, application of controlled-release N fertilizer with the 90% N input amount as U treatment; 80%CRU, application of controlled-release N fertilizer with the 80% N input amount as U treatment; 70%CRU, application of controlled-release N fertilizer with the 70% N input amount as U treatment. The results showed that compared with the U treatment, there was no significant reduction in maize yield or cabbage yield with 20% or 30% N reduction, respectively. Compared with the U treatment, application of appropriate amount of controlled release nitrogen could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the total nitrogen loss by 25.3%-43.5%, and the the total nitrogen loss was the least under 70%CRU treatment. The main nitrogen loss in runoff water was particle nitrogen, which accounted for 60.0%-67.0%. Compared with the U treatment, there was no significant decrease in the nitrogen accumulation in shoot with application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer except the 70%CRU treatment, yet 80%CRU treatment significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency by 9.4 percentage points. Compared with the U treatment, application of f controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly increse the contents or the loss risk of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil layers within 0-80 cm. In general, under the experiment conditions, 80%CRU treatment could reduce N input and N runoff loss, enhance nitrogen use efficiency and ensure yield as compared with the U treatment, which exhibited reasonal application potential.

Key words: controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, yield, runoff loss, nitrogen use efficiency, soil nitrogen

CLC Number:

S147.2

CHEN Junlin, JIANG Na, LIU Xin, ZHUO Hong, TIAN Chang, HAN Yongliang, ZHANG Yuping, RONG Xiangmin. Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction on crop yield, nitrogen absorption and runoff loss[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(4): 846-858.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Yield of maize under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference within treatments in the same year at P<0.05. The same as in Fig. 2 and Fig. 6.

Table 1 Yield components of maize under treatments

处理 Treatment	棒长 Maize cob length/cm	行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-seed weight/g
CK	14.3±2.8 b	12.6±1.6 b	29.4±3.6 b	28.1±9.2 b
U	18.5±2.7 a	14.5±0.7 a	34.2±4.4 a	30.5±0.4 ab
CRU	18.6±0.7 a	14.3±0.5 a	33.4±1.1 a	35.9±2.2 a
90%CRU	19.6±1.8 a	14.7±0.8 a	35.9±3.8 a	36.5±2.4 a
80%CRU	19.5±1.3 a	13.2±2.4 ab	34.9±0.2 a	34.6±0.8 a
70%CRU	19.7±0.5 a	14.7±0.5 a	34.3±3.3 a	36.8±1.1 a

Fig.2 Yield of pakchoi under treatments

Fig.3 Surface runoff volume under different treatments during maize growth in 2020 (a) and 2021 (b)

Fig.4 Concentration of total nitrogen (a, c) and particulate nitrogen (b, d) in surface runoff under treatments during maize growth in 2020 (a, b) and 2021 (c, d)

Fig.5 Concentration of nitrate nitrogen (a, c) and ammonium nitrogen (b, d) in surface runoff under treatments during maize growth in 2020 (a, b) and 2021 (c, d)

Fig.6 Runoff losses of nitrogen under treatments during maize growth in 2020 (a) and 2021 (b)

Table 2 Nitrogen accumulation in the shoots of maize under treatments in 2020

处理 Treatment	籽粒氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation in grains/ (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation in stalks/ (kg·hm^-2)	地上部氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation in shoots/ (kg·hm^-2)
CK	22.10±1.91 c	34.60±1.49 c	56.70±2.52 c
U	96.44±7.30 ab	77.28±6.55 a	173.72±13.70 a
CRU	105.79±3.63 a	75.30±9.45 a	181.08±6.90 a
90%CRU	101.90±1.01 ab	67.75±6.26 ab	169.65±5.36 a
80%CRU	101.40±2.25 ab	67.02±7.44 ab	168.42±9.53 a
70%CRU	83.72±5.43 b	59.49±1.10 b	136.31±2.20 b

Table 3 Nitrogen utilization status during maize growth under treatments in 2020

处理 Treatment	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency/%	氮肥农学利用率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity/(kg·kg^-1)	土壤氮素依存率 Soil nitrogen dependency rate/%
U	48.8 b	20.9 a	28.8 a	32.7 b
CRU	51.8 ab	23.3 a	31.2 a	31.3 b
90%CRU	52.3 ab	24.6 a	33.4 a	33.4 b
80%CRU	58.2 a	24.8 a	33.5 a	33.7 b
70%CRU	47.4 b	23.6 a	34.8 a	41.6 a

Fig.7 Contents of soil total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen after maize growth under treatments in 2020 Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference within treatments at P<0.05 at the same time.

Fig.8 Total nitrogen residue on soil profiles after maize growth under treatments in 2020 (a) and 2021 (b) Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference within treatments at P<0.05 for the same soil layer. The same as in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.

Fig.9 Ammonium nitrogen residue on soil profiles after maize growth under treatments in 2021

Fig.10 Nitrate nitrogen residue on soil profiles after maize growth under treatments in 2021

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Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction on crop yield, nitrogen absorption and runoff loss

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