Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.17

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 394-402.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.02.17

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties

RUAN Zebin(), WANG Lange, LAN Wangkaining, XU Yan, CHEN Junhui, LIU Dan()

School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2022-03-01 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-14
Contact: LIU Dan

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of biochar addition under different nitrogen reduction levels on rice nitrogen uptake, soil nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed to provide scientific basis for nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement and soil fertility promotion in paddy fields. Pot experiment was conducted to analyze the differences of soil nutrients contents, enzyme activities and nitrogen content in different parts of rice under seven treatments of different nitrogen dosage and combined biochar application. The results showed that compared with the conventional nitrogen application treatment (N100), the ammonium nitrogen content in soil under chemical fertilizer reduction treatments increased significantly (P<0.05) by 37.5%-49.2%. The pH value and available P contents in soil treated with biochar were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 0.23-0.31 pH unit and 16.1%-29.2%, respectively. Compared with N100, moderate nitrogen reduction and biochar addition could significantly (P<0.05) increase soil enzyme activity. N80 (the treatment with 20% N reduction) significantly (P<0.05) increased stem and ear nitrogen content by 24.2% and 11.1%, respectively. The nitrogen contents in roots, stems, leaves and ears of rice were significantly (P<0.05) increased under BN80 (the treatment with 20% N reduction combined with biochar) than N80, and the apparent nitrogen use efficiencies of BN80, N80 and BN60 (the treatment with 40% N reduction combiaed with biochar) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of N100 by 25.5, 16.3 and 19.4 percent point. The apparent nitrogen use efficiency was positively correlated with activities of α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase. BN80 could increase soil nutrients contents and soil enzymes activities, and promote the nitrogen uptake by rice, which could be used as an effective way for nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement.

Key words: nitrogen reduction, biochar, extracellular enzyme activity, nitrogen use efficiency

CLC Number:

S511
S147.2

RUAN Zebin, WANG Lange, LAN Wangkaining, XU Yan, CHEN Junhui, LIU Dan. Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 394-402.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on physicochemical properties of soil

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $H 4 +$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $O 3 -$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Effective N/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.72±0.06 b	17.62±0.94 b	10.14±0.52 b	1.62±0.29 a	258.81±6.15 a	12.10±0.76 cd	36.00±3.61 b
N100	5.54±0.11 c	18.35±0.82 b	10.29±0.61 b	1.11±0.19 a	248.08±2.83 a	11.06±0.40 d	24.00±3.00 b
BN100	5.95±0.08 a	22.75±0.20 a	10.71±0.61 b	1.15±0.39 a	258.81±2.46 a	14.29±0.42 a	67.67±1.15 a
N80	5.65±0.04 bc	18.39±1.57 b	14.15±1.02 a	1.29±0.24 a	246.74±4.65 a	11.69±0.77 cd	32.00±4.00 b
BN80	6.01±0.08 a	19.56±3.89 b	15.35±0.62 a	1.66±0.14 a	262.57±11.64 a	13.86±0.77 ab	94.67±4.51 a
N60	5.64±0.06 bc	15.66±0.50 b	14.47±0.81 a	1.52±0.35 a	255.86±3.51 a	7.95±1.11 e	26.33±2.08 b
BN60	6.03±0.14 a	17.56±1.55 b	14.59±1.36 a	1.31±0.27 a	259.88±12.95 a	12.84±0.64 bc	58.67±1.53 ab

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on physicochemical properties of soil

处理 Treatment	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $H 4 +$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	N $O 3 -$ -N/ (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Effective N/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.72±0.06 b	17.62±0.94 b	10.14±0.52 b	1.62±0.29 a	258.81±6.15 a	12.10±0.76 cd	36.00±3.61 b
N100	5.54±0.11 c	18.35±0.82 b	10.29±0.61 b	1.11±0.19 a	248.08±2.83 a	11.06±0.40 d	24.00±3.00 b
BN100	5.95±0.08 a	22.75±0.20 a	10.71±0.61 b	1.15±0.39 a	258.81±2.46 a	14.29±0.42 a	67.67±1.15 a
N80	5.65±0.04 bc	18.39±1.57 b	14.15±1.02 a	1.29±0.24 a	246.74±4.65 a	11.69±0.77 cd	32.00±4.00 b
BN80	6.01±0.08 a	19.56±3.89 b	15.35±0.62 a	1.66±0.14 a	262.57±11.64 a	13.86±0.77 ab	94.67±4.51 a
N60	5.64±0.06 bc	15.66±0.50 b	14.47±0.81 a	1.52±0.35 a	255.86±3.51 a	7.95±1.11 e	26.33±2.08 b
BN60	6.03±0.14 a	17.56±1.55 b	14.59±1.36 a	1.31±0.27 a	259.88±12.95 a	12.84±0.64 bc	58.67±1.53 ab

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on soil enzymes activities nmol·g-1·h-1

处理 Treatment	AG	BG	NAG	LAP	CB	XYL	PHOS
CK	18.19±0.35 c	60.74±0.26 c	36.16±1.48 c	9.56±0.37 a	23.34±0.30 b	34.04±1.47 c	305.09±19.65 b
N100	21.40±0.50 bc	64.12±3.35 bc	38.37±0.64 c	10.21±0.15 a	24.04±0.60 b	35.23±3.34 bc	300.21±6.08 b
BN100	25.10±1.38 ab	68.39±1.82 ab	40.94±4.03 bc	11.33±0.52 a	27.11±1.88 a	41.17±3.03 ab	349.19±17.52 a
N80	23.29±2.21 abc	68.33±3.22 ab	43.82±1.45 ab	10.08±2.64 a	23.17±1.13 b	37.89±1.04 bc	307.28±18.06 b
BN80	27.05±2.31 a	72.43±2.87 a	47.73±3.48 a	11.49±2.27 a	26.74±0.68 a	44.82±3.65 a	361.96±31.49 a
N60	25.08±3.34 ab	63.70±1.44 bc	41.95±1.75 b	10.47±0.94 a	22.44±0.34 b	36.06±2.87 bc	306.80±23.21 b
BN60	26.45±1.18 a	68.98±3.10 ab	42.74±2.31 b	10.91±0.66 a	26.76±3.00 a	41.06±3.04 ab	358.76±3.41 a

Fig.1 Effect of different treatments on nitrogen content in various parts of rice Bars marked without the same letters in the same part indicated significant difference at P<0.05.

Fig.2 Effect of different treatments on nitrogen accumulation in aboveground parts of rice Data in the above figure was recorded by pot. Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05.

Table 3 Effect of nitrogen reduction combined with biochar on apparent nitrogen use efficiency of rice %

处理 Treatment	氮肥表观利用率 Apparent nitrogen use efficiency
N100	32.6±2.6 c
BN100	36.9±4.8 c
N80	48.9±5.3 b
BN80	58.1±4.9 a
N60	31.1±4.2 c
BN60	52.0±3.1 ab

Fig.3 Correlation of soil extracellular enzymes activities, soil nutrients contents and nitrogen uptake in rice OC, Soil organic carbon; AN, Soil ammonium nitrogen; NN, Soil nitrate nitrogen; EN, Soil effective N; AP, Soil available P; AK, Soil available K; RN, Nitrogen content in root; SN, Nitrogen content in stem; LN, Nitrogen content in leaf; PN, Nitrogen content in panicle; NC, Nitrogen accumulation in aboveground parts; NUE, Apparent nitrogen use efficiency. “*” indicates significant correlation at P<0.05.

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Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on nitrogen uptake by rice and soil physiochemical properties

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