Studies on flowering characteristics and breeding system of Dendrobium moschatum

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240084

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 103-114.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240084

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Studies on flowering characteristics and breeding system of Dendrobium moschatum

WANG Miaomiao¹^,²(), QIN Jiaze¹, GUO Jiaqi¹, YU Tiancheng¹

1. China National Botanical Garden (North Garden), Beijing 100093, China
2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant ex situ Conservation, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2024-01-18 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims to provide a theoretical basis for resource conservation and germplasm innovation of Dendrobium moschatum. The floral characteristics and flowering process of D. moschatum under greenhouse cultivation condition were investigated. Meanwhile, the pollen viability and stigma acceptability determination, hybridization index estimation, and artificial pollination test were conducted to analyze floral characteristics and breeding system of the D. moschatum. The results showed that D. moschatum blossomed from late March to August, with 1 to 15 flowers per inflorescence. The single-flower blooming period was around 6 days, and the plant’s total blooming period lasts between 25 to 90 days. During the entire blooming process, the pollinia were persistently located on apex of the column and the relative positions remained unchanged. The pollen viability and stigma receptivity reached the highest in the full-flowering period (flowering 2 d), with 73.67% pollen viability. The outcrossing index (OCI) of D. moschatum was four. Regardless of emasculation or not, the bagged flowers did not bear fruit. The same happened in artificial self-pollination and the artificial cross-pollination of the same plant. The rate of fruit-setting crosses and fruit-setting of the artificial cross-pollination of different plants were 85.71% and 66.67%, respectively. These results demonstrated that there was no apomixis, but highly passive out-crossing abilities in the D. moschatum, and the breeding system was a out-crossing mating system that required pollinators. The peak of capsule development was from 10 to 50 days after pollination, the external morphology was basically completed at 70 days, and the capsule reached maturity at 270 days. The capsule weight was about 5.22 g, the capsule length was 6.51 cm, the capsule width was 1.55 cm. The seed length was 217 μm, the seed width was 66 μm, the embryo rate was 96.80%, and the seed viability was 81.17%. With short single flowering period, short optimum pollination period of pollen and stigma, self-incompatibility and partial outcompatibility, these were the important reasons leading to low fruit set for D. moschatum in nature.

Key words: Dendrobium moschatum, morphology, pollen viability, outcrossing index, breeding system

CLC Number:

S682.31

WANG Miaomiao, QIN Jiaze, GUO Jiaqi, YU Tiancheng. Studies on flowering characteristics and breeding system of Dendrobium moschatum[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 103-114.

Figures/Tables 11

References 35

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花发育阶段 Development stage of flower	发育状态 Development status	时间 Time/d	整个花序大小 Inflorescence size/cm	单朵花大小 Single flower size/cm
萌芽期 Budding stage	破芽→芽2 cm Buds break→Buds 2 cm	42±3	0.1~2.0	0.1~1.2
伸长期 Elongation stage	芽2 cm→花芽伸长 Buds 2 cm → Buds elongate.	13±2	2.1~4.1	1.7
见蕾期 Squaring stage	见蕾→花苞绿色 Flower buds appear → Green flower buds	11±3	8.6~9.4	3.3~3.8
显色期 Turning stage	花苞绿色→花苞黄色 Green flower buds → Yellow flower buds	5±1	14.1~15.5	5.1~5.5
开花期 Blooming stage	花瓣张开→花败 Petals open→ Flowers fall	5±1	20.7~29.7	6.7~7.6

花发育阶段 Development stage of flower	发育状态 Development status	时间 Time/d	整个花序大小 Inflorescence size/cm	单朵花大小 Single flower size/cm
萌芽期 Budding stage	破芽→芽2 cm Buds break→Buds 2 cm	42±3	0.1~2.0	0.1~1.2
伸长期 Elongation stage	芽2 cm→花芽伸长 Buds 2 cm → Buds elongate.	13±2	2.1~4.1	1.7
见蕾期 Squaring stage	见蕾→花苞绿色 Flower buds appear → Green flower buds	11±3	8.6~9.4	3.3~3.8
显色期 Turning stage	花苞绿色→花苞黄色 Green flower buds → Yellow flower buds	5±1	14.1~15.5	5.1~5.5
开花期 Blooming stage	花瓣张开→花败 Petals open→ Flowers fall	5±1	20.7~29.7	6.7~7.6

开花天数 Day of flowering	花粉活力 Pollen activity/%	柱头可授性 Stigma receptivity
0	33.44±2.98 d	+
1	48.47±3.88 b	++
2	73.67±2.77 a	++
3	50.62±4.57 b	+/-
4	38.25±4.64 c	+/-
5	7.62±0.95 e	-

开花天数 Day of flowering	花粉活力 Pollen activity/%	柱头可授性 Stigma receptivity
0	33.44±2.98 d	+
1	48.47±3.88 b	++
2	73.67±2.77 a	++
3	50.62±4.57 b	+/-
4	38.25±4.64 c	+/-
5	7.62±0.95 e	-

处理方式 Treatment	NPC	NFC	FRC	TNP	TNF	FRP
自然状态Open pollination	21	0	0 B	90	0	0 B
套袋,不授粉Bagged,no pollination	21	0	0 B	90	0	0 B
套袋,去雄不授粉Bagged,emasculation,no pollination	21	0	0 B	90	0	0 B
人工自花授粉Manual self-pollination	21	0	0 B	90	0	0 B
人工同株异花授粉Manual goitonogamy	21	0	0 B	90	0	0 B
人工异株授粉Manual cross-pollination	21	18	85.71±0.15 A	90	60	66.67±0.86 A

Studies on flowering characteristics and breeding system of Dendrobium moschatum

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