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25 January 2025, Volume 37 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Science
Animal Science
Horticultural Science
Plant Protection
Environmental Science
Food Science
Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products
Biosystems Engineering
Agricultural Economy and Development
Review


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Contents 2025, 37(1):  0-0.  Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (29076KB) ( 157 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Crop Science

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Effects of reduced application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to field HAN Xiao, LIU Xujie, SHI Lyu, ZHANG Jin, SHAN Haiyong, SHI Xiaoxu, YAN Yini, LIU Jian, XUE Yaguang 2025, 37(1):  1-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231437 Abstract ( 241 )   HTML ( 1360309352 )   PDF (1300KB) ( 230 )   In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield, quality, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw betweem rows for returning to the field, rice varieties of Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055, which were widely planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, were used as test materials in the present study. Two nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up under equal row spacing transplantation, namely, no nitrogen application (T1) and local customary nitrogen application rate (quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T2). Four fertilization treatments were set up under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to the field and the transplanting of wide and narrow rows, namely, local customary nitrogen application rate (quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T3), nitrogen reduction rate of 10% (combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T4), nitrogen reduction rate of 20% (combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T5), and nitrogen reduction rate of 30% (combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, T6). The results showed that the transplanting of wide and narrow rows could increase rice yield compared to the transplanting with equal row spacing, with an average yield increase of 3.30% for both varieties. Under the same transplanting mode, reducing nitrogen by 10% significantly (P<0.05) reduced the effective panicles, yet maintained high yield. Reducing nitrogen by 20%-30% could stabilize the rice yield at the average level of Jiangsu Province. Reducing nitrogen by 10%-20% could improve the appearance quality of rice. Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 got the highest taste value with the nitrogen reduciton rate of 30% and 10%-20%, respectively. The reduction of nitrogen rate resulted in an increase in the recovery efficiency of nitrogen (REN) of both rice varieties. The highest REN for Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 was found with the nitrogen reduction rate of 20% and 10%, respectively. In summary, under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to the field, combined application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and urea, with the nitrogen reduction rate of 10% to 20% as compared with the local customary rate could achieve higher nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency and better rice quality, hence realize the goals of reducing nitrogen, stabilizing yield, and improving quality and efficiency. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary mapping of a wheat awn length gene and prediction of candidate genes YANG Xiaoyu, MA Zhihui, WEI Qing, NIU Zhipeng, CHEN Anqi, HU Zhengchong, WANG Linsheng 2025, 37(1):  14-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240253 Abstract ( 79 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (3781KB) ( 155 )   As an important agronomic trait affecting yield and stress resistance, wheat awn has attracted the attention of many wheat genetic improvement workers. In this paper, the main agronomic traits of Gaoyou 2018 (whole awn), Keda 102 (top awn) and their F2 isolated populations were statistically analyzed at the heading stage of wheat, and the wheat awn length gene was initially mapped using SSR molecular markers. The results showed that the top and whole awn of wheat were inherited by single dominant gene, which was in accordance with Mendelian separation rule. Joinmap4.0 software was used to construct the genetic linkage map of the awning gene, and the final target gene was initially located between the two markers yzu443936 and yzu454712 at the end of the long arm of chromosome 5A. The primers of these two markers were compared with the genome of Chinese spring V2.1, and the physical distance between the two markers was 6.74 Mb (668.45-675.19 Mb). A total of 86 genes were screened through the IWGSC website, among which 17 genes may be candidate genes for regulating awning length. This study provides a theoretical basis for fine localization and gene cloning of wheat awns. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Animal Science

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Effects of high-purine diet on blood lipid changes and pathological lesion in golden hamsters HE Liang, LI Qingxiangzi, LI Rui 2025, 37(1):  24-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240238 Abstract ( 77 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (3541KB) ( 147 )   Increases of serum uric acid in golden hamsters were induced by the combination of high-purine diet and uric acid inhibitor potassium oxonate. Serum glucose, lipid changes and histopathological changes of kidney were detected, and the effects of high-purine diet on the changes of serum lipids and liver and kidney injury of golden hamster were investigated. The results showed that there was no significant change in the body weight and liver index of golden hamsters with high-purine diet, and the application of 12% yeast and 0.25% adenine combined with 2% potassium oxonate led to a significant increase in serum uric acid level, but the correlation between elevated serum uric acid and blood glucose and lipid metabolism disorders was not strong. Elevated uric acid leads to renal enlargement, significantly increased renal index, and renal pathological injury characteristic of typical hyperuricemia. The golden hamster with human lipid metabolism characteristics have good prospects for the development of animal models of hyperuricemia. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A method for rapidly preparing the karyotype of Trionychidae species by minimally invasive blood sampling GE Jianhui, GUAN Xinshuai, LIU Jindian, REN Jindong, XU Xiaojun 2025, 37(1):  32-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240311 Abstract ( 71 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1026KB) ( 155 )   In order to establish a minimally invasive chromosome karyotype preparation method for Trionychidae species, a combination of blood drawing stimulation and in vivo injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on Pelodiscus sinensis was used to promote hematopoietic cell proliferation. The blood collected from the spinal canal was used as initial tissue material. Chromosome preparation was carried out by colchicine treatment and leukocyte isolation, and karyotype analysis was performed for the mitotic metaphase cells. The results showed that adequate chromosomes of mitotic metaphase could be obtained by this method. In 33 pairs of chromosomes, six were large chromosomes, and the rest 27 were small chromosomes. The karyotype formula was 2n=66=4M+6SM+2T+54m. This study would provide a minimally invasive, simple and fast karyotype method of Trionychidae species, which could provide a powerful tool for the genetic breeding and germplasm identification of Trionychidae species. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage on physiology, biochemistry and gut microbiota of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) QI Tianpeng, LIU Li, XIA Meiwen, LYU Sunjian, XU Haisheng 2025, 37(1):  39-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240041 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (5332KB) ( 169 )   This study investigated the effects of incorporating lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophages into the feed on the growth performance, enzyme activity, immune gene expression, and gut microbiota of Pelodiscus sinensis. The experimental groups included a lactic acid bacteria group, which received a basal feed supplemented with 1×107CFU·g-1 of lactic acid bacteria, and a lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group, which received a basal feed supplemented with 1×107CFU·g-1 of lactic acid bacteria and 1×109 PFU·g-1 of bacteriophages. The control group was provided with only the basal feed. After 90 days of feeding, the enzyme activity in serum and the intestine, the tissue morphology of the liver, spleen, kidney, and other organs, as well as the expression of immune-related genes and the microbiome composition in the intestinal contents were analyzed. The results revealed that, compared to the control group, diets supplemented with lactic acid bacteria alone and in combination with bacteriophages significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival rate of P. sinensis and trypsin activity. The lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group exhibited the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate, although not significantly different (P>0.05). Activities of glutamine aminotransferase and acid phosphatase were significantly lower in the lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group, while hepatic LYSC gene expression was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the lactic acid bacteria group. However, there were no significant differential changes in tissue sections and gut microbiota. Tissue cells maintained intact morphology and structure, and the α diversity of intestinal microorganisms, as well as microbial community compositions at the phylum and genus levels, showed no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of an appropriate amount of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophages to the ration can significantly improve the survival rate of P. sinensis and improve the health level of P.sinensis to a certain extent. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identificaition of eukaryotic expression vectors for MAVS full-length and its truncate YU Mei, BI Donglin, ZHENG Tianyi, LI Qiongyi 2025, 37(1):  49-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240298 Abstract ( 87 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (3152KB) ( 150 )   The eukaryotic expression vectors for the full-length and truncated forms of the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) was established and their expression in HEK293 cells was detected, which provides important experimental materials for subsequent investigations into the viral escape mechanism mediated by MAVS. Firstly, the full-length human MAVS sequence from the NCBI database was analyzed to design primers for generating truncated forms. Gene fragments corresponding to the full-length and various truncated forms of MAVS were amplified from cDNA templates using PCR and cloned into the pcDNA3.1-3xflag vector. Subsequently, the constructed vectors were transfected into HEK-293 cells. RT-PCR was employed to verify the size of the amplified products, which were compared with the target sizes, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of MAVS proteins in the 293 cells. Eukaryotic expression vectors for full-length MAVS (MAVS-FL) and its truncates MAVS-△C, MAVS-△CP, MAVS-PBD, and MAVS-△Tm were successfully constructed. Western blot results confirmed that the proteins encoded by these vectors were effectively expressed in HEK-293 cells. In this study, we successfully constructed eukaryotic expression vectors for the full-length and truncated forms of MAVS and expressed these proteins in HEK-293 cells. This work provides important experimental materials for further study of the functions and antiviral mechanisms of MAVS proteins. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Horticultural Science

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Effects of foliar silicon and zinc fertilizers on cadmium accumulation and nutritional quality of celery WANG Yun, YU Chao, SHEN Hong, CAO Mina, ZHOU Qiyao, HU Zhipeng, JIN Chongwei, FENG Ying 2025, 37(1):  61-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240117 Abstract ( 94 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (623KB) ( 175 )   Foliar spraying of trace element fertilizers such as silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) is an important technical approach to inhibit the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in crops. However, the effects of foliar Si or Zn fertilizers on stem and leaf vegetables are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, by using a cadmium (Cd) low accumulation variety of celery as the test material, a plot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of foliar spraying of ZnSO4 (Zn), nano silicon fertilizer (Nano-Si), and compound fertilizer of silicon and zinc (Si-Zn) on Cd accumulation and nutritional quality of the edible parts of celery. The results showed that foliar spraying of Si or Zn had no significant effects on plant growth, but it could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the Cd concentration in aboveground parts and the translocation factor of Cd from root to shoot, increase the concentration of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and vitamin C in the editble parts. Among the three foliar fertilizers, Nano-Si had the best effects. These results indicated that foliar spraying of Nano-Si is an effective strategy to ensure the safe production and improve the quality of celery in Cd polluted greenhouse. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological characteristics of Aquilegia pollen grains from six species under different sample preparation methods LIAO Zhenfeng, SONG Xijiao, SHEN Mengmeng, XIAO Bin, ZHOU Yuan 2025, 37(1):  67-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231181 Abstract ( 65 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (18375KB) ( 150 )   To elucidate the pollen morphological characteristics of six Aquilegia species and to examine the impact of various sample preparation methods on alterations in pollen morphology, we prepared pollen samples using cryo-scanning electron microscopy, fresh pollen drying, and glutaraldehyde fixation techniques. The results revealed that under the same sample preparation method, different species of Aquilegia pollen exhibited certain commonness and specificity. All six species of Aquilegia pollen grains were characterized by isopolarity and radiate symmetry, with 3 germination furrow, covering layer surface ornamented with spinesis, indicating a high degree of conservatism among different species. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in terms of polar axis length, equatorial axis length, polar axis/equatorial axis ratio, and other parameters, which could serve as palynological evidence for the classification and identification of Aquilegia species. Regardless of the sample preparation method, the size ranking of pollen grains among the six species of Aquilegia remained basically consistent. A. viridiflora var. Atropurpurear had the largest pollen grains, followed by A. ecalcarata, while the remaining four species showed no significant differences in pollen grain size. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy emerges was the preferred method for studying Aquilegia palynology due to its ability to preserve the ultrastructural characteristics of pollen grains. Compared with cryo-scanning electron microscopy, the data obtained through fresh pollen drying and glutaraldehyde fixation methods revealed varying degrees of reduction in polar axis length, P/E value, and P×E value. This research successfully established a cryo-scanning technique for ultrastructural observation of pollen grains and provided a theoretical foundation for the classification and identification of Aquilegia species in the field of palynology. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of cpDNA-PCR reaction system and genetic diversity analysis of Tulipa iliensis QIN Douwen, LIU Weiqiang, TIAN Jiting, JU Xiuting 2025, 37(1):  78-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240378 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1794KB) ( 144 )   To clarify the genetic background of Tulipa iliensis, the genetic diversity was studied at the level of chloroplast genome. The cpDNA-PCR reaction system of T. iliensis was constructed by using the L16(45) orthogonal experiment design and single factor optimization screening experiment. The system was optimized by adjusting the Mg2+, dNTPs, primer concentration, Taq DNA polymerase, and template DNA concentration in the cpDNA-PCR reaction system. With the optimal system, primers were screened and performed cpDNA-PCR amplification to verify the stability of the reaction system, and the genetic diversity of the wild population of T. iliensis was also analyzed. The results showed that the optimal cpDNA-PCR reaction system for T. iliensis consisted of 2.00 mmol·L-1 Mg2+, 0.20 mmol·L-1 dNTPs, 0.40 μmol·L-1 primer concentration, 0.50 U Taq DNA polymerase, and 110 ng template DNA concentration. Using the optimal amplification system, 14 pairs of candidate primers (trnK-rps16, M3-M4, F71-R1516, trnD-trnE, psbB-psbH, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, a1-b1, 1F-1R, rps8-rp116, atpI-atpH, accD-psaI, petG-trnP, 2F-2R) were selected from 16 pairs of candidate primer combinations for subsequent cpDNA-PCR amplification of T. iliensis. The established cpDNA-PCR reaction system for T. iliensis was stable in amplification and produced clear bands, genetic diversity analysis was performed on 54 T. iliensis individuals, The average length of amplified fragments using primer psbB-psbH was 582 bp, with 284 identified polymorphic sites, the nucleotide polymorphism Pi was 0.055, the average nucleotide difference number K was 30.261, and the gene flow (Nm=1.21>1) indicated that the genetic diversity of the T. iliensis population was high, and gene exchange among different populations was frequent. The cpDNA-PCR reaction system established in this study can be used to study the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of T. iliensis, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the rational protection and sustainable utilization of wild tulip germplasm resources, and to provide a basis for scientific protection of T. iliensis germplasm resources. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of homologous FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) genes from three species of Paeonia spp. LI Xing, LIU Yan, GAO Jianzhou 2025, 37(1):  90-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240082 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (8944KB) ( 171 )   In order to explore whether the FT gene has pleiotropy in the flowering and seed hypocotyl dormancy release of Paeonia, the CDS (coding sequence) region of the FT homologous genes (named PvFT, PaFT, and PlFT1) of P. vetchii, P. anomala, and P. lactiflora ‘Fenghuangniepan’ were cloned and analyzed using bioinformatics, and the expression patterns of FT genes during the dormancy release and flowering stages of three peony germplasm seeds were analyzed using qRT-PCR technology. The results show that the FT gene sequences are highly conserved across the three Paeonia species, with a full CDS length of 522 bp encoding 173 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the proteins encoded by these three FT genes are most closely related to the PsFT protein from the peony. Temporal and spatial expression analysis reveal that in the seeds of three species of Paeonia, the expression levels of the FT genes upregulate during hypocotyl elongation, and there are no consistency with the length of the hypocotyl dormancy period. In corresponding adult plants, the expression levels of PvFT and PlFT1 genes are upregulated during the flowering stage of P. veitchii and the budding stage of P. lactiflora ‘Fenghuangnipan’, while the expression levels of PvFT and PaFT genes are expressed at a low level during the non-flowering of P. veitchii and P. anomala. PaFT, PlFT1, and PvFT genes exhibit pleiotropic effects in the flowering and seed germination processes of Paeonia species, playing a positive regulatory role during flowering and seed hypocotyl elongation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on flowering characteristics and breeding system of Dendrobium moschatum WANG Miaomiao, QIN Jiaze, GUO Jiaqi, YU Tiancheng 2025, 37(1):  103-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240084 Abstract ( 61 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (6114KB) ( 143 )   Aims to provide a theoretical basis for resource conservation and germplasm innovation of Dendrobium moschatum. The floral characteristics and flowering process of D. moschatum under greenhouse cultivation condition were investigated. Meanwhile, the pollen viability and stigma acceptability determination, hybridization index estimation, and artificial pollination test were conducted to analyze floral characteristics and breeding system of the D. moschatum. The results showed that D. moschatum blossomed from late March to August, with 1 to 15 flowers per inflorescence. The single-flower blooming period was around 6 days, and the plant’s total blooming period lasts between 25 to 90 days. During the entire blooming process, the pollinia were persistently located on apex of the column and the relative positions remained unchanged. The pollen viability and stigma receptivity reached the highest in the full-flowering period (flowering 2 d), with 73.67% pollen viability. The outcrossing index (OCI) of D. moschatum was four. Regardless of emasculation or not, the bagged flowers did not bear fruit. The same happened in artificial self-pollination and the artificial cross-pollination of the same plant. The rate of fruit-setting crosses and fruit-setting of the artificial cross-pollination of different plants were 85.71% and 66.67%, respectively. These results demonstrated that there was no apomixis, but highly passive out-crossing abilities in the D. moschatum, and the breeding system was a out-crossing mating system that required pollinators. The peak of capsule development was from 10 to 50 days after pollination, the external morphology was basically completed at 70 days, and the capsule reached maturity at 270 days. The capsule weight was about 5.22 g, the capsule length was 6.51 cm, the capsule width was 1.55 cm. The seed length was 217 μm, the seed width was 66 μm, the embryo rate was 96.80%, and the seed viability was 81.17%. With short single flowering period, short optimum pollination period of pollen and stigma, self-incompatibility and partial outcompatibility, these were the important reasons leading to low fruit set for D. moschatum in nature. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of pyraclostrobin on polysaccharide and flavone in Dendrobium officinale HUANG Hao, TANG Tao, XU Zhenlan, ZHAO Xueping 2025, 37(1):  115-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240296 Abstract ( 75 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1908KB) ( 153 )   In this paper, the residue dynamics of pyraclostrobin in Dendrobium officinale and its effect on the content of polysaccharide and flavone were studied, and the potential mechanism of the effect of pyraclostrobin on the content of polysaccharide and flavone in Dendrobium officinale was discussed by metabolomics. The results showed that on the 7th day after the last application, the polysaccharide content of LC (recommended dose treatment) and HC (high dose treatment) groups decreased by 31% and 38% (P<0.01) compared with BC (blank control) group, and increased to no significant difference on the 7th to 15th day until the end of sampling. There was no significant difference in the content of flavone among the three groups from 0 to 15 days, while the content of flavone in LC and HC groups was significantly higher than that in BC group from 30 to 90 days, and the difference was the most significant on the 60th day, with an increase of 31% and 34%, respectively (P<0.01). On the 7th day after the last application, the contents of several metabolites in LC and HC groups were significantly higher than those in BC group, phenylalanine increased by 100% and 70% (P<0.05), tyrosine increased by 120% and 97% (P<0.05), and metabolic pathways such as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan synthesis and nitrogen metabolism were significantly up-regulated; On the 60th day, the concentrations of phloretin, luteolin and 7-O-methyleriodictyol in LC group were 66%, 18% and 89% lower than those in BC group (P<0.05), and the biosynthesis pathways of flavone and flavonols and phenylalanine were significantly down-regulated in LC group, while there was no differentially enriched pathway between HC group and BC group. According to the residue dynamics, the resistance of Dendrobium officinale to pyraclostrobin stress was improved by increasing the concentration of amino acids in LC and HC groups 7 days after the last application, and the increase of phenylalanine and other flavonoid precursors also promoted the synthesis of flavone. The stress response of Dendrobium officinale in LC group was gradually weakened after 60 days, while that in HC group maintained a higher stress response intensity in response to higher concentrations of pyraclostrobin residues. On the 7th day, LC and HC may promote the decomposition of polysaccharide into soluble sugars to regulate the osmotic pressure of plants, thus reducing the content of polysaccharide. The results of this study can provide a basis for the rational application of pyraclostrobin in the planting process of Dendrobium officinale. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant Protection

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Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce HE Xiaochan, ZHOU Xiaojun, ZHU Hao, GONG Wan, ZHANG Jingze, ZHU Liyan 2025, 37(1):  126-133.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240104 Abstract ( 66 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (10175KB) ( 147 )   In order to reveal the host range of pathogen causing downy mildew of two weeds Sonchus oleraceus and S. wightianus in Jinghua City, Zhejiang Province, China, pathogen was identified and its host range was determined. According to morphological characteristics, analysis of PCR amplification results using pathogen-specific primers and phylogenetic analysis based on ribosome ITS region as well as 28S and Cox2 gene sequences, pathogen was identified as Bremia lactucae. Pathogenicity tests indicated that the pathogen was able to infect its other natural hosts and cultivated varieties such as Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer and L. sativa var. ramose Hort., but not infect a known host, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, confirmed that existence of the host-specific differentiation in species B. lactucae, which was not identical to the known host range. This indicated that those two hosts might be important inoculum source for disease occurring in lettuce, highlighting the need for controlling these weeds to be an important part of controlling downy mildew, and it also provided direct evidence for the host specificity and differentiation of biotrophic B. lactucae. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environmental Science

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Adaptability and influencing factors of Atriplex canescens growth in Zhejiang Province, China WANG Xiangjie, HAN Kefeng, MA Zhengbo, LOU Jin, WANG Shuai, WU Lianghuan 2025, 37(1):  134-144.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240005 Abstract ( 54 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1617KB) ( 144 )   Atriplex canescens is a perennial semi-evergreen shrub of the genus Atriplex, family Chenopodiaceae. It has excellent characteristics of rapid growth, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, and salt and alkali resistance. In order to explore the adaptability of Atriplex canescens to the newly cultivated land in Zhejiang Province of China and the key factors affecting its growth and development in the typical subtropical monsoon climate, six representative sites of newly cultivated soil in Zhejiang Province were selected, and the survival and growth of Atriplex canescens were analyzed to determine its growth adaptability at each site. The main influencing factors were obtained through correlation analysis and redundancy analysis of the growth and living conditions of Atriplex canescens and climatic factors and soil environmental factors in different regions. The results showed that the survival rate and growth rate of Atriplex canescens planted in coastal salinic-alkali soil were higher than those planted in yellow and red soil. The dry matter weight of aboveground and underground parts in Beilun and Fenghua was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the other four areas, and the branching number was increased significantly by 67.48%-346.47% compared with the other areas. The soil electrical conductivity, soil pH value, annual rainfall and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content were the main factors affecting the growth and survival of Atriplex canescens in different regions. In conclusion, Atriplex canescens could be planted in coastal saline-alkali land in Zhejiang Province. Priority should be given to planting sites with soil electrical conductivity of 9.51-14.28 dS·m-1, soil pH value of 7.60-8.16, annual rainfall of 1 087.7-1 359.7 mm and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content of 18.43-35.00 mg·kg-1. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of fertilizer and pesticide managements on soil health and tomato qualities in greenhouse tomato cultivation LI Tengfei, YANG Guiling, RUAN Meiying, CHU Tianfen, QIN Hua, DENG Meihua 2025, 37(1):  145-158.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231155 Abstract ( 90 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1461KB) ( 160 )   The objective is to explore the reasonable fertilizer and pesticide managements for greenhouse tomato production by studying the effects of different fertilizer and pesticide applications on soil health, tomato quality and yield. In this study, two pesticide levels (conventional pesticide P1 and no pesticide P0) and five fertilization treatments (no fertilizer CK, conventional chemical fertilizer F1, farm manure combined with chemical fertilizer F2, farm manure and biological fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer F3, perishable waste organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer F4) were designed in the field experiment. The effects of different treatments on soil properties, soil enzyme activity, fruit quality and yield of tomato were analyzed. The results showed that the application of pesticides had a significant effect on soil properties and tomato quality. The soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, soil urease, sucrase and catalase activities of P1 treatment were significantly decreased, while the vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, sugar acid ratio and fruit yield of P1 treatment were significantly higher than those of P0 treatment. Under the same pesticide level, fertilization had a significant effect on soil enzyme activity and pH value. Compared with the CK, soil pH value decreased significantly under P0F1 treatment, while the organic fertilizer application can slightly increase soil pH value. At the same time, soil nutrients of fertilization treatments were slight increased than CK, but there was no significant difference among the fertilization treatments. F2 treatment significantly increased soil urease, sucrase and catalase activities than CK. Followed by F3 treatment, it also significantly improved these soil enzyme activities, but F1 treatment had the lowest soil enzyme activity. For tomato nutrition, fertilization treatments can significantly increase vitamin C content, soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio than CK, but no significant difference was found among the fertilization treatments. Integrated all indicators, F3 treatment with significantly lower nitrogen fertilizer showed similar good effects on soil properties, tomato quality and yield with other fertilization treatments. Therefore, it is recommended F3 treatment as the suitable fertilizer management for greenhouse tomato planting, that is, farm manure combined with biological bacterial fertilizer and a small amount of chemical fertilizer. In order to get good tomato yield and quality, applying appropriate pesticides is also suggested. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of overturning Lolium perenne under different nitrogen rates on carbon, nitrogen and bacterial community structure in saline soil of coastal area ZHU Xiaomei, XING Jincheng, HONG Lizhou, WANG Jianhong, LIU Chong, DONG Jing, SUN Guoli, HE Sunan 2025, 37(1):  159-168.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231248 Abstract ( 70 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1628KB) ( 173 )   In order to explore the effect of overturning Lolium perenne as green manure on soil carbon, nitrogen and bacterial community structure under nitrogen application rates of 0, 90, 150, 210, 270 kg·hm-2 (based on pure N, denoted as CK, LN1, LN2, LN3, LN4, respectively), a field plot experiment was conducted in saline soil of coastal area. It was shown that the biomass of L. perenne increased with the elevated nitrogen application rates, and the highest biomass was found under the LN4 treatment, which was 64 227 kg·hm-2. The carbon and nitrogen content of L. perenne was relatively higher under the LN2 treatment, and there was no significant difference in the C/N ratio among treatments. Compared with the control treatment without N application, the soil pH was significantly (P<0.05) decreased with nitrogen application, yet the contents of water-soluble salt, organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased significantly. Among all the treatments, LN2 treatment exhibited the highest soil microbial quotient, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. In the soil, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes was high. There was no significant difference in the Shannon index and Simpson index of soil bacteria among all the treatments, while the Chao1 index and Ace index of LN2 treatment was relatively higher. In general, LN2 treatment got the best comprehensive effect on reducing soil pH, increasing soil carbon and nitrogen content, and improving soil micro-ecological environment. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ferrous sulfate on fungal community of chicken manure compost and its application potential WANG Lutong, JIANG Lihong, DAI Jiapeng, CHEN Liang, ZENG Guangxi, LIU Erlun, ZHOU Xiangdan, XIAO Yunhua, FANG Jun 2025, 37(1):  169-177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240085 Abstract ( 76 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (2029KB) ( 149 )   In order to examine the impact of ferrous sulfate on the fungal community during the thermophilic phase of chicken manure composting, as well as the effects of the compost products on plant growth, chicken manure and rice straw were used as raw materials, with the control group being the heap without any exogenous additives and the treatment groups being the heap with 1% or 2% ferrous sulfate addition. The changes in the composition and structure of the fungal community, as well as the growth condition of pakchoi and its nutrient quality were monitored.It was shown that adding ferrous sulfate to chicken manure composting affected the structure of the fungal community during the thermophilic phase, enhanced the diversity of the fungal community, enriched most of the dominant fungi related to lignocellulose degradation, which was conducive to the efficient degradation of difficult-to-decompose organic matter in composting, and facilitated the composting humification process. Plant height, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment groups compared to the control group. The effect of compost product with addition of 2% ferrous sulfate was more pronounced. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Food Science

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Research on the process optimization and maintenance of anthocyanins in Chinese bayberry juice by casein YANG Guiren, MU Honglei, WU Weijie, FANG Xiangjun, CHEN Huizhi, NIU Ben, CHEN Hangjun, GAO Haiyan 2025, 37(1):  178-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240273 Abstract ( 72 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (5378KB) ( 170 )   The color protection technology and retention effect of casein on anthocyanins in Chinese bayberry juice were studied to solve the problem of juice fading in bayberry juice production. The response surface test was used to optimize the color protection process of anthocyanins. When the casein addition was 1% and the reaction is 32 min at 43 ℃, the anthocyanins of Chinese bayberry juice can be effectively retained and have the best sensory quality. In addition, the simulation system of C3G was used as the object to study the color protection mechanism of casein on anthocyanins in Chinese bayberry juice. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that the fluorescence redshift and quenching were caused, indicating that anthocyanins were embedded and contact with O2 and VC was avoided. The fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that the fluorescence spectrum of casein showed red shift and quenching. The results showed that casein entrapped anthocyanins in the juice system and avoided contact with O2 and VC. At the same time, the molecular docking results showed that casein bound to C3G through hydrophobic interaction, Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonds. It was proved that the binding of C3G to casein exhibited high stability, thereby improving the stability of anthocyanins in Chinese bayberry juice. This study establishes the protection technology of anthocyanins in Chinese bayberry juice, and clarifies the stabilization mechanism of casein on anthocyanins, and provides technical and theoretical support for the color protection method of Chinese bayberry juice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of extraction process for soluble and insoluble dietary fibers from Ougan (Citrus suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka) pomace and the differences between their physicochemical properties and functional characteristics LIU Xun, XIA Qile, LI Yanpo, WANG Yangguang, LU Shengmin 2025, 37(1):  189-202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240125 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (3938KB) ( 166 )   To further improve the comprehensive utilization rate and functional value of Ougan pomace resources, freshly squeezed citrus pomace was used as raw material, and ultrasound assisted cellulase method was adopted to extract its soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Single factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to optimize the process parameters and their in vitro physicochemical properties and functional characteristics were explored and compared. The results showed that under the process conditions of solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20 (g·mL-1), ultrasound power of 450 W, cellulase addition of 0.97%, and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 1 h, the extraction rates of SDF and IDF were (10.42±0.31)% and (51.28±0.97)%, respectively. SDF appeared multiple folds on surface while IDF’ appearance looked smoother and had more pores and holes, which caused significant difference in their physicochemical properties and functional characteristics. Compared to IDF, SDF had higher water-holding and swelling capacities but lower oil-holding capacity (P<0.05). Significantly (P<0.05) higher glucose adsorbing capacity and α-glucosidase inhibiting capacity were found in SDF than those in IDF, and both had the best delay effect on glucose dialysis within 30 min, with highest peak glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI) (32.73±0.89)% existed in SDF. Both SDF and IDF effectively adsorbed cholesterol and cholate in the simulated small intestinal environment, and SDF showed better adsorption ability to cholesterol and glycocholate than IDF. SDF had a significantly (P <0.05) higher adsorption capacity for nitrite ions than IDF in the simulated gastric environment. In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary fibers in Ougan pomace had strong functional activity in vitro, especially significantly excellent performance found for SDF to adsorb glucose, lipid and nitrite, and could be used for subsequent in vivo function verification and functional food development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

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Research progress on detection technology and analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods YU Hongwei, DENG Huidan, YANG Hua, XIAO Yingping, DING Xiangying, JI Xiaofeng 2025, 37(1):  203-216.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240081 Abstract ( 96 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1519KB) ( 156 )   With the continuous development of economy and society, people pay more and more attention to the safety of daily diet, especially the safety problem of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods. Veterinary drugs play an important role in the high-quality development of animal husbandry and fishery. Rational use of veterinary drugs can prevent or treat diseases of cultured animals, promote animal production, improve feed utilization, improve economic benefits, etc. However, irrational use of veterinary drugs is likely to cause the accumulation of veterinary drugs in animal-derived foods and be absorbed by the human body in the process of food chain transmission. It poses a serious threat to people’s food safety. This paper mainly reviewed the research related to the analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods, sample pretreatment methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, novel micro-extraction, QuEChERs, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction, and detection techniques including liquid chromatography, chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunology, biosensor, spectroscopy and molecular biology. This study will be a good reference for future studies related to veterinary drug residue in animal-derived foods. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biosystems Engineering

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A lightweight tomato leaf disease recognition model integrating a sandglass structure with improved coordinate attention GU Rui, SONG Cuiling, QIAN Chunhua 2025, 37(1):  217-230.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240646 Abstract ( 60 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (6064KB) ( 148 )   In response to the problems of large parameter sizes, high computational complexity, long inference time, and difficulty in deployment on resource-limited mobile devices associated with existing tomato leaf recognition models, this paper proposes a lightweight recognition network called SG-ICA-MobileNetV3. Firstly, a sandglass structure was introduced to modify the inverted residual blocks of MobileNetV3Small, establishing feature transformations and skip connections in high-dimensional space to mitigate information loss and strengthen the model’s feature learning capability. Secondly, an improved coordinate attention mechanism was embedded, integrating global average pooling and max pooling to adaptively learn feature weights at different positions, enhancing the perception ability of diseased areas. Finally, the ReLU activation function was replaced with ELU to alleviate gradient vanishing and the issue of weight bias updated failure during model training, improving network convergence speed. The results showed that the model achieved a classification accuracy of 98.36% on the test set. It outperformed lightweight models such as MobileNetV3Small, MobileNeXt-1.0, MobileVit-S, and ConvNeXt-V2 in terms of parameter count, computational complexity, inference speed, and recognition accuracy, demonstrating strong generalization capabilities. This study result could provide algorithm support for fast and accurate identification of plant leaf diseases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Agricultural Economy and Development

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Financing constraints, green subsidies and adoption of green production technologies in family farms QIAN Han, WEN Changcun, LIU Qiang 2025, 37(1):  231-244.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231296 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 143 )   Financing constraints are an important factor restricting the adoption of green production technologies in family farms. Based on the survey data of family farms in Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan and Sichuan provinces of China, the coefficient of variation was adopted to measure the degree of adoption of green production technologies in family farms, and the influence of financing constraints on the adoption of green production technologies in family farms was empirically analyzed, as well as the regulating effect of government green subsidies. It was found that financing constraints significantly negatively affect the adoption of green production technologies in family farms, and the adoption of agricultural green technologies decreased by 7.98% for each unit increase in the intensity of financing constraints. There were significant differences in the impact of financing constraints on the adoption of different types of green production technologies, and green certification technologies receieved the greatest negative impact of financing constraints. The effect of green subsidies in alleviating the negative effect of financing constraints was not obvious, but it aggravated the inhibitory effect of financing constraints. The heterogeneity analysis showed that family farms run by low-educated and older farmers were more easily influenced by financing constraints on the adoption of green production technologies. Small- and medium-sized farms with low operating incomes and low labor inputs were also more negatively affected by financing constraints. Easing financing constraints and optimizing the regulating role of green policy subsidies are the keys to promote green agricultural development and transformation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Research progress on soil acidification and its regulation in tea plantations LIU Yuexuan, CHEN Yanling, ZHANG Peiqiang, YAN Peng 2025, 37(1):  245-254.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231229 Abstract ( 103 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (970KB) ( 167 )   Tea is a typical acid-loving and aluminum-loving plant, and the soil acidification of tea plantations complements the growth of tea. In this paper, the current situation and trend of soil acidification in tea plantations of China were reviewed in the past 30 years, and the main factors leading to the soil acidification in tea plantations were analyzed. It was found that the biogeochemical cycle of soil aluminum elements and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer were the most important causes of soil acidification in tea plantations. On this basis, the targeted measures for the regulation of soil acidification in tea plantations were proposed. Based on the current production practices and management in tea plantations and the requirements of long-term green and sustainable development, the research priorities for the prevention and control of soil acidification in tea plantations in the future were discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics