Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage on physiology, biochemistry and gut microbiota of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240041

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 39-48.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240041

• Animal Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage on physiology, biochemistry and gut microbiota of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

QI Tianpeng¹(), LIU Li², XIA Meiwen¹, LYU Sunjian²^,^*(), XU Haisheng¹^,³^,^*()

1. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Zhejiang University Huzhou South Taihu Lake Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Center, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-01-08 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of incorporating lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophages into the feed on the growth performance, enzyme activity, immune gene expression, and gut microbiota of Pelodiscus sinensis. The experimental groups included a lactic acid bacteria group, which received a basal feed supplemented with 1×10⁷CFU·g^-1 of lactic acid bacteria, and a lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group, which received a basal feed supplemented with 1×10⁷CFU·g^-1 of lactic acid bacteria and 1×10⁹ PFU·g^-1 of bacteriophages. The control group was provided with only the basal feed. After 90 days of feeding, the enzyme activity in serum and the intestine, the tissue morphology of the liver, spleen, kidney, and other organs, as well as the expression of immune-related genes and the microbiome composition in the intestinal contents were analyzed. The results revealed that, compared to the control group, diets supplemented with lactic acid bacteria alone and in combination with bacteriophages significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival rate of P. sinensis and trypsin activity. The lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group exhibited the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate, although not significantly different (P>0.05). Activities of glutamine aminotransferase and acid phosphatase were significantly lower in the lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group, while hepatic LYSC gene expression was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the lactic acid bacteria group. However, there were no significant differential changes in tissue sections and gut microbiota. Tissue cells maintained intact morphology and structure, and the α diversity of intestinal microorganisms, as well as microbial community compositions at the phylum and genus levels, showed no significant differences (P>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of an appropriate amount of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophages to the ration can significantly improve the survival rate of P. sinensis and improve the health level of P.sinensis to a certain extent.

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, bacteriophage, Pelodiscus sinensis, biochemical characteristic, gut microbiota

CLC Number:

S963

QI Tianpeng, LIU Li, XIA Meiwen, LYU Sunjian, XU Haisheng. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage on physiology, biochemistry and gut microbiota of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 39-48.

Figures/Tables 9

References 21

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基因 Gene	上游引物 Forward primer(5'→3')	下游引物 Reverse primer(5'→3')
干扰素诱导的解螺旋酶C区域1 IFIH1	AAGCAAGCAATAGCCAGTA	CCTCACCTGACTCCTCTT
干扰因子IFN	CTACTACTCTATCCTGCTCAG	GCTTACCTCTGTCCAACTC
白细胞介素1 IL-1	CTCTAGGCTAGTGTAATGGTT	GGTTGGCTGAGACTTGAG
溶菌酶C LYSC	AAACCCGAGGGCAACTTT	GGCTTTCATAAATTCCCTACAC
肿瘤坏死因子TNF	CCATCATCCTCCATCCTTG	ACGGTCAGTGTGATATGTG

基因 Gene	上游引物 Forward primer(5'→3')	下游引物 Reverse primer(5'→3')
干扰素诱导的解螺旋酶C区域1 IFIH1	AAGCAAGCAATAGCCAGTA	CCTCACCTGACTCCTCTT
干扰因子IFN	CTACTACTCTATCCTGCTCAG	GCTTACCTCTGTCCAACTC
白细胞介素1 IL-1	CTCTAGGCTAGTGTAATGGTT	GGTTGGCTGAGACTTGAG
溶菌酶C LYSC	AAACCCGAGGGCAACTTT	GGCTTTCATAAATTCCCTACAC
肿瘤坏死因子TNF	CCATCATCCTCCATCCTTG	ACGGTCAGTGTGATATGTG

处理 Treatment	初体重 Initial weight/g	末体重 Final weight/g	存活率 Survival rate/%	增重率 Weight gain rate/%	特定生长率 Specific growth rate/(%·d^-1)
IF_CK	158.71±7.98	318.61±23.96 ab	80.00±3.50 b	102.00±18.79	0.76±0.10
IF_LL	152.63±7.68	291.78±19.02 b	91.43±3.50 a	92.39±17.04	0.71±0.09
IF_BP	162.33±6.06	369.43±23.96 a	85.71±0.01 a	125.50±26.62	0.87±0.14

处理 Treatment	初体重 Initial weight/g	末体重 Final weight/g	存活率 Survival rate/%	增重率 Weight gain rate/%	特定生长率 Specific growth rate/(%·d^-1)
IF_CK	158.71±7.98	318.61±23.96 ab	80.00±3.50 b	102.00±18.79	0.76±0.10
IF_LL	152.63±7.68	291.78±19.02 b	91.43±3.50 a	92.39±17.04	0.71±0.09
IF_BP	162.33±6.06	369.43±23.96 a	85.71±0.01 a	125.50±26.62	0.87±0.14

处理 Treatment	活性Activity
处理 Treatment	胰蛋白酶 Trypsin/(U·mg^-1)	α-淀粉酶 α-Amylase/(U·mg^-1)	糜蛋白酶 Chymotrypsin activity/(U·mg^-1)	脂肪酶 Lipase/(U·g^-1)
IF_CK	59.24±8.14 c	3.50±0.29	22.56±3.15	4.61±0.65
IF_LL	156.93±9.20 b	3.97±0.28	18.09±4.78	3.86±0.28
IF_BP	210.97±24.30 a	3.68±0.22	21.27±3.74	7.92±3.29

Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage on physiology, biochemistry and gut microbiota of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

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处理 Treatment	含量Content/(mmol·L^-1)		活性Activity
处理 Treatment	甘油三酯 Triglyceride	总胆固醇 Total cholesterol	溶菌酶 Lysozyme/ (U·mL^-1)	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase/ (U·mL^-1)	谷丙转氨酶 Gammagluta- minase/ (U·L^-1)	谷草转氨酶 Glutamic transaminase/ (U·L^-1)	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase/ (U·L^-1)	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase/ (U·L^-1)
IF_CK	2.94±0.46	12.14±0.95	760.06±164.44	22.52±0.11	1.68±0.27	15.66±2.22 a	40.20±6.34 bc	278.54±44.66 a
IF_LL	2.63±0.70	13.49±1.19	754.84±90.51	21.83±0.34	2.58±0.66	11.76±0.82 a	47.90±47.27 ab	241.07±41.95 a
IF_BP	2.55±0.49	11.68±1.08	1 019.63±106.13	22.03±0.25	1.25±0.42	6.61±0.38 b	25.69±3.34 c	119.57±72.80 b

处理 Treatment	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	OTU指数 Observed_OTUs index	覆盖率 Goods_coverage/%
IF_CK	4.74±0.34	0.88±0.04	179.38±18.90	168.70±17.76	100
IF_LL	4.37±0.27	0.87±0.26	154.45±29.68	145.80±26.68	100
IF_BP	4.20±0.21	0.87±0.16	133.31±13.04	129.20±12.81	100

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