Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 621-632.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231348
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Characteristics of bacteria community and antibiotic resistance genes in piggery wastewater and surrounding water environment
ZHAO Jiahao1,2(
), XU Xing2, ZHOU Weidong2,*(), YANG Hua3, ZHAO Xihong1, WANG Wen3,*()
- 1. School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
2. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
-
Received:2023-11-29Online:2025-03-25Published:2025-04-02
CLC Number:
Cite this article
ZHAO Jiahao, XU Xing, ZHOU Weidong, YANG Hua, ZHAO Xihong, WANG Wen. Characteristics of bacteria community and antibiotic resistance genes in piggery wastewater and surrounding water environment[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(3): 621-632.
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Table 1 Water quality parameters of water samples
| 参数Parameter | UW | IW | PW | MW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tur/NTU | 0.1±0.1 c | 0.7±0.1 b | 0.7±0.1 b | 43.5±1.3 a |
| CODCr/(mg·L-1) | — | 49±3 b | 53±5 b | 430±14 a |
| CODMn/(mg·L1) | 5.37±0.20 | — | — | — |
| NH3-N含量NH3-N content/(mg·L-1) | 1.1±0.1 c | 6.9±0.2 b | 3.9±0.1 b | 46.7±0.8 a |
| 总磷含量Total P content/(mg·L-1) | 0.03±0.01 c | 0.95±0.03 b | 1.06±0.03 b | 19.69±0.11 a |
| $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$含量$\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$ content/(mg·L-1) | 0.09±0.01 d | 2.71±0.01 a | 1.10±0.07 b | 0.54±0.03 c |
| $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$含量$\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content/(mg·L-1) | 0.46±0.01 d | 8.76±0.25 c | 36.28±0.52 b | 126.18±7.35 a |
| K含量K content/(mg·L-1) | 8.9±0.1 d | 10.9±0.2 c | 11.8±0.1 b | 60.5±0.6 a |
| Na含量Na content/(mg·L-1) | 72±1 c | 178±1 b | 179±2 b | 195±1 a |
| Ca含量Ca content/(mg·L-1) | 25.5±1.3 d | 46.2±1.2 b | 31.5±0.8 c | 161.6±3.4 a |
| Mg含量Mg content/(mg·L-1) | 7.7±0.1 d | 14.4±0 b | 13.7±0.1 c | 23.9±0.2 a |
| Fe含量Fe content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 8.90±0.84 |
| Cu含量Cu content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 0.63±0.02 |
| Zn含量Zn content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 4.25±0.04 |
| Pb含量Pb content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 0.02±0.01 |
Table 1 Water quality parameters of water samples
| 参数Parameter | UW | IW | PW | MW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tur/NTU | 0.1±0.1 c | 0.7±0.1 b | 0.7±0.1 b | 43.5±1.3 a |
| CODCr/(mg·L-1) | — | 49±3 b | 53±5 b | 430±14 a |
| CODMn/(mg·L1) | 5.37±0.20 | — | — | — |
| NH3-N含量NH3-N content/(mg·L-1) | 1.1±0.1 c | 6.9±0.2 b | 3.9±0.1 b | 46.7±0.8 a |
| 总磷含量Total P content/(mg·L-1) | 0.03±0.01 c | 0.95±0.03 b | 1.06±0.03 b | 19.69±0.11 a |
| $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$含量$\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$ content/(mg·L-1) | 0.09±0.01 d | 2.71±0.01 a | 1.10±0.07 b | 0.54±0.03 c |
| $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$含量$\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content/(mg·L-1) | 0.46±0.01 d | 8.76±0.25 c | 36.28±0.52 b | 126.18±7.35 a |
| K含量K content/(mg·L-1) | 8.9±0.1 d | 10.9±0.2 c | 11.8±0.1 b | 60.5±0.6 a |
| Na含量Na content/(mg·L-1) | 72±1 c | 178±1 b | 179±2 b | 195±1 a |
| Ca含量Ca content/(mg·L-1) | 25.5±1.3 d | 46.2±1.2 b | 31.5±0.8 c | 161.6±3.4 a |
| Mg含量Mg content/(mg·L-1) | 7.7±0.1 d | 14.4±0 b | 13.7±0.1 c | 23.9±0.2 a |
| Fe含量Fe content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 8.90±0.84 |
| Cu含量Cu content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 0.63±0.02 |
| Zn含量Zn content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 4.25±0.04 |
| Pb含量Pb content/(mg·L-1) | — | — | — | 0.02±0.01 |
Fig.1 Chao1 index and Shannon index of bacteria in water samples “*” and “*” indicate significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively.
Fig.1 Chao1 index and Shannon index of bacteria in water samples “*” and “*” indicate significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively.
Table 2 Relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level in water samples
| 菌门Phylum | UW | IW | PW | MW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 变形菌门Proteobacteria | 90.79 | 66.02 | 45.94 | 12.20 |
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 2.75 | 18.36 | 12.23 | 72.03 |
| 放线菌门Actinobacteria | 3.50 | 4.57 | 28.42 | 3.83 |
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 1.00 | 3.44 | 5.07 | 6.08 |
| 未定义菌门 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 3.86 | 1.49 |
| unidentified_Bacteria | ||||
| 弯曲菌门Campylobacterota | <0.01 | 2.89 | 1.09 | 0.70 |
| 纤细菌门Gracilibacteria | 1.25 | <0.01 | <0.01 | — |
| 广古菌门Euryarchaeota | 0.01 | 0.0 1 | <0.01 | 2.19 |
Table 2 Relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level in water samples
| 菌门Phylum | UW | IW | PW | MW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 变形菌门Proteobacteria | 90.79 | 66.02 | 45.94 | 12.20 |
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 2.75 | 18.36 | 12.23 | 72.03 |
| 放线菌门Actinobacteria | 3.50 | 4.57 | 28.42 | 3.83 |
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 1.00 | 3.44 | 5.07 | 6.08 |
| 未定义菌门 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 3.86 | 1.49 |
| unidentified_Bacteria | ||||
| 弯曲菌门Campylobacterota | <0.01 | 2.89 | 1.09 | 0.70 |
| 纤细菌门Gracilibacteria | 1.25 | <0.01 | <0.01 | — |
| 广古菌门Euryarchaeota | 0.01 | 0.0 1 | <0.01 | 2.19 |
Fig.2 Relative abundance of bacteria at genus level in water samples
Fig.2 Relative abundance of bacteria at genus level in water samples
Fig.3 Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of bacteria taxa at genus level in water samples
Fig.3 Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of bacteria taxa at genus level in water samples
Fig.4 Absolute abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in water samples
Fig.4 Absolute abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in water samples
Fig.5 Influence of environmental factors on bacterial communities based on canonical correspondence analysis $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$, $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content; Na, Na content; $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$, $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content; Ca, Ca content; K, K content; TP, Total P content; Mg, Mg content; NH3-N, NH3-N content; Tur, Turbidity; CODCr, Chemical oxygen demand.
Fig.5 Influence of environmental factors on bacterial communities based on canonical correspondence analysis $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$, $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content; Na, Na content; $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$, $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content; Ca, Ca content; K, K content; TP, Total P content; Mg, Mg content; NH3-N, NH3-N content; Tur, Turbidity; CODCr, Chemical oxygen demand.
Table 3 Results of significance analysis of environmental factors to bacteria communities
| 参数 Parameter | CCA1 | CCA2 | R2 | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K含量K content | 0.475 32 | -0.879 82 | 0.967 16 | 0.008 0 |
| Na含量Na content | -0.23 02 | -0.973 14 | 0.561 16 | 0.005 0 |
| Ca含量Ca content | 0.511 41 | -0.859 33 | 0.991 39 | 0.000 5 |
| Mg含量Mg content | 0.247 545 | -0.968 88 | 0.939 28 | 0.000 5 |
| $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$含量 | 0.596 55 | -0.802 57 | 0.879 73 | 0.011 0 |
| $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content | ||||
| $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$含量 | 0.662 42 | 0.749 14 | 0.515 97 | 0.025 4 |
| $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$ content | ||||
| 总磷含量 | 0.274 27 | -0.961 65 | 0.934 11 | 0.000 5 |
| Total P content | ||||
| CODCr | 0.429 35 | -0.903 14 | 0.963 41 | 0.008 0 |
| NH3-N含量 | 0.391 81 | -0.920 05 | 0.971 83 | 0.007 0 |
| Tur | 0.446 05 | -0.895 01 | 0.970 48 | 0.005 5 |
Table 3 Results of significance analysis of environmental factors to bacteria communities
| 参数 Parameter | CCA1 | CCA2 | R2 | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K含量K content | 0.475 32 | -0.879 82 | 0.967 16 | 0.008 0 |
| Na含量Na content | -0.23 02 | -0.973 14 | 0.561 16 | 0.005 0 |
| Ca含量Ca content | 0.511 41 | -0.859 33 | 0.991 39 | 0.000 5 |
| Mg含量Mg content | 0.247 545 | -0.968 88 | 0.939 28 | 0.000 5 |
| $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$含量 | 0.596 55 | -0.802 57 | 0.879 73 | 0.011 0 |
| $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-}$ content | ||||
| $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$含量 | 0.662 42 | 0.749 14 | 0.515 97 | 0.025 4 |
| $\mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$ content | ||||
| 总磷含量 | 0.274 27 | -0.961 65 | 0.934 11 | 0.000 5 |
| Total P content | ||||
| CODCr | 0.429 35 | -0.903 14 | 0.963 41 | 0.008 0 |
| NH3-N含量 | 0.391 81 | -0.920 05 | 0.971 83 | 0.007 0 |
| Tur | 0.446 05 | -0.895 01 | 0.970 48 | 0.005 5 |
Fig.6 Co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities at genus level The size of blue node is proportional to the concentrations of the bacterial genera. The links in red and blue represent positive and negative associations, respectively.
Fig.6 Co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities at genus level The size of blue node is proportional to the concentrations of the bacterial genera. The links in red and blue represent positive and negative associations, respectively.
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