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Effects of soaking seeds in trehalose on physiological characteristics of wheat Yangmai19 under salt stress YAN Daoliang， ZHENG Bingsong 2016, 28(8):  1271.  Abstract ( 463 )   HTML ( 64 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 1523 )   To investigate the effect of trehalose pretreatment with different concentrations of 0， 2， 20 and 40 mmol·L-1 on seed germination， Yangmai19， a highyielding winter wheat cultivar， was selected as the experimental material. Furthermore， the optimal concentration of trehalose （2 mmol·L-1） was screened out to study its effect on growth and physiological characteristics of Yangmai19 under salt stress （3 g·L-1 NaCl）. The results showed that the seed germination and plant height were not significantly affected in the pretreatment with 2 mmol·L-1 trehalose， but the dry weight per plant was significantly increased. Under salt stress， compared with the nontreated seeds， the relative growth rate， biomass per plant， relative chlorophyll content and N content in the pretreatment of 2 mmol·L-1 trehalose were significantly improved by 200%， 650%， 1507% and 925%， respectively. Proline accumulation rate was found to be significantly increased in the seedlings pretreated with 2 mmol·L-1 trehalose than the nontreated seeds， as well as the total K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio， while Na+ content was significantly decreased （P<005）. Twofactor variance analysis showed that the factor orders of impacting K+ content was trehalose>NaCl>trehalose×NaCl. Trehalose pretreatment could improve the seedlings adaption to salt stress earlier， by increasing their proline accumulation and also increasing their K+ absorption. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of row spacing on yield， dry matter accumulation and partitioning of maize in maizesoybean relay strip intercropping system PU Tian， ZHANG Qun， CHEN Guopeng， CHEN Cheng， ZENG Hong， PENG Xiao， YANG Wenyu， WANG Xiaochun* 2016, 28(8):  1277.  Abstract ( 333 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 1478 )   Optimum planting pattern is the key to increase crop yield potential in intercropping system. In order to investigate the effects of narrow row spacing on the maize yield and dry matter accumulation and partitioning in maizesoybean relay strip intercropping system （M/S）. Field experiments were conducted with 6 marrow row spacing （20， 30， 40， 50， 60， 70 cm） treatments in the 160 and 200 cm strip width， respectively in 2012 and 2013 year. The results showed that row spacing had significant effect on maize grain yield and dry matter accumulation. Yield and dry matter accumulation of maize were increased with the increasing of narrow spacing. Under 160 and 200 cm strip width， soybean yield decreased with the increasing of maize narrow row spacing; Yield of M/S significantly increased with narrow row spacing increasing from 20 cm to 50 cm， and there was no significant difference between the treatments of 40 and 50 cm; While the narrow row spacing more than 50 cm， population yield tend to decrease. The change trend of the maximum increasing rate， dry matter accumulation of rapid increasing stage and postanthesis assimilation were similar to maize yield. Contrary trends were observed in the maximum transportation efficiency and contribution rate of stemsheath and leaves. The highest maximum increasing rate and postanthesis assimilation were realized when the narrow row spacing was 50 cm under the two strip width， with the values of 32063， 11953 kg·hm-2d-1 and 37692， 14090 g·plant-1， respectively. In general， comprehensive results showed that optimum row spacing （maize narrow row spacing was 40 cm to 50 cm） could significantly increase kernels per ear and improve the maximum increasing rate of dry matter accumulation， postanthesis assimilate and plant dry mater accumulation of rapid increasing stage. So optimum row spacing was an important role for crop yield potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of controlled release blend bulk urea on growth characteristics and yield of wheatrice ZHANG Jingsheng1， LI Bing1，*， WANG Changquan1， XIANG Hao1， ZENG Xingxin1， YIN Bin2， FU Yuejun1 2016, 28(8):  1287.  Abstract ( 358 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1180KB) ( 1495 )   In order to investigate the effect of controlled release blend bulk urea on growth and yield of rice and wheat， plot experiments were conducted to analyze the difference of plant height in every growth period， dry matter accumulation as well as organ partitioning， yield and its components. The results showed that compared with normal urea treatment （U100）, the height of rice and wheat， dry matter accumulation， and growth rate were significantly increased during the middle and late growth stage with above 20% controlled release urea added. Wheat and rice yield were increased by 6%-14% and 7%-11%， respectively. Among all the treatments， blending of 40% controlled release urea and 60% urea （CRU40U60） was beneficial to agronomic traits and growth rate. CRU40U60 treatment not only obviously increased spike length， but reached the highest wheat yield, which was 14% and 8% higher than that of U100 and 100% controlled release urea treatment （CRU100）， respectively. CRU40U60 treatment also enhanced the seedsetting rate and grain number per panicle of rice and reached the highest yield, which was 11% and 4% higher than that of U100 and CRU100， respectively. Based on this experiment condition， adding 40% controlled release urea was moderate. With onetime basal application， it reduced the cost of labor， which added the acceptability of farmers. Hence， the blending application of 40% controlled release urea and 60% urea （CRU40U60） was recommended as the relatively appropriate ratio to promote the growth and yield of rice and wheat. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on GABP inversing modeling method of corn leaf chlorophyll content based on EMD and spectral derivative method ZHANG Wanwan,YANG Keming， WANG Guoping， LIU Erxiong， LIU Cong 2016, 28(8):  1297.  Abstract ( 404 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1244KB) ( 1430 )   The chlorophyll is the main pigment for the photosynthesis of crops. The BPNN is a novel method of inversing chlorophyll content. In order to study chlorophyll content inversion model with higher precision， it was used to increase the correlation between input factors and chlorophyll content by combining empirical mode decomposition （EMD） with spectral derivative （SD）. And genetic algorithm（GA） was used to optimize BPNN building GABP model to get the best initial weights and thresholds. The spectral reflectance of corn leaf was pretreated by the methods of EMD and derivative， getting the EMDSD spectrum. It was selected as the input factors of GABP model that the EMDSD values in five bands whose correlation coefficients with chlorophyll content were over 06. Then the GABP model with seven hidden layer nodes was established， selecting the network whose fitness of the best individual was the lowest to predict the chlorophyll content of corn leaf. R2 of GABP model was the highest， at 0818， RMSE was 2442 and e was 5436%. The results showed that the predicting precision of GABP model using EMDSD values as input factors was higher than MLR and BP model. It was verified feasible that using GABP model based on EMDSD spectrum to improve the inversion accuracy of corn leaf chlorophyll content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of PEG pretreatment on antioxidant enzymes activity under salt stress in root of rice seedling MEI Yingxue， WEI Wei， ZHANG Shiwan， ZHANG Yunlu， WANG Jinyuan， WANG Qian， SU Xin， MA Lianju* 2016, 28(8):  1304.  Abstract ( 291 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1140KB) ( 1439 )    Effects of PEG pretreatment on rice Liaoxing 1 seedling root antioxidative activities stressed by salt stress were studied. The experiment materials were dealt with 10% PEG6000 pretreatment for 3 d， next rewatered for 3 d， and then stressed for 3 d with 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl. Water content， root activity， MDA content and antioxidant enzymes （SOD， POD， CAT， APX） activity in rice seedling roots were determined. The results showed that MDA content of PEG pretreatment in roots of rice seedling was significantly lower than that of salt stressed （P<005）; However， water content， root activity and activities of antioxidant enzymes with PEG pretreatment were higher than those of salt stressed. This showed that PEG pretreatment could improve the resistance of rice seedlings and alleviate the damage of salt stress on rice seedlings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association analysis of CAST gene polymorphism with meat quality in five sheep breeds WANG Hua， WANG Jianfu， WANG Xinrong， CHENG Shuru*， LI Xiaomei， WANG Zhiming， FAN Qingshan， FU Lixia， LI Shuang， ZHOU Xiaoxia 2016, 28(8):  1309.  Abstract ( 361 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1318KB) ( 1427 )   In order to study the relationship between the CAST gene polymorphism and meat quality of 5 sheep breeds（Gansu alpine fine wool sheep， Small tail han sheep， Tibetan， Mongolian sheep and Tansheep which were fed in a typical farming mode of Gansu province） in Gansu Province at the molecular level and to explore the possibility of improving the quality of sheep meat by using CAST as a candidate gene， the polymorphism of intron 3 of CAST gene was detected by PCRSSCP in 5 sheep breeds， and the association between CAST gene polymorphism and meat quality in 9monthold sheep was analyzed. The results showed: compared with allele A，two mutations were detected which included G62T and C110T in allele B while only C92T was detected in allele C. The mutations formed AA， AB， BB and AC genotypes. Experimental results showed that 5 sheep breeds were in nonHardyWeinberg equilibrium state. Population genetic polymorphism analysis showed that the polymorphism information content （PIC） of the 5 sheep breeds was moderate. The association analysis showed that the water loss rate of AC genotype was significantly higher than those of others （P<005）， the shear forcer of AC was significantly lower than those of other three genotypes （P<005）. Genotype analysis of different sheep breeds showed that the water loss rate of AC genotype was significantly higher than other three genotypes （P<005） ， and the shear stress of AC genotype was significantly lower than other genotypes（P<005） except Mongolia sheep. The mutation locus had no significant influence on eye muscle area. These associations showed CAST gene could be used as a candidate gene for markerassisted selection of sheep meat performance and meat quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism in the intron 1 of CAPN1 and its association with carcass and meat quality traits in yak CHEN Jie1， TIAN Zhili1， HU Jiang1，*， LUO Yuzhu1， LIU Xiu1， WANG Jiqin1， SHI Hongmei2， LEI Junjie2 2016, 28(8):  1315.  Abstract ( 413 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1345KB) ( 1375 )   The single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of CAPN1 gene in Gannan yak， Tianzhu yak and Datong yak were detected by the technology of PCRSSCP. The relationship between SNPs and Gannan yak carcass and meat quality traits was analyzed. The results of PCRSSCP indicated that there was a genetic mutation of g.100+606G>T in the first introns of CAPN1 gene of all 3 groups to form 3 genotypes （AA， AB and BB）. Genetic analyses of CAPN1 gene showed that the polymorphism information contents in the detection region were 025<PIC<050， which belonged to a moderate polymorphism. Meat tenderness degree， water loss rate， eye muscle area of different age periods of Gannan yaks were regulated by genetic mutation of CAPN1. Lower shear force was observed in AA type yaks aged 3 and 5 years when compared with BB and AB type yaks （P<005）. Higher eye muscle area was observed AA type yaks aged 4 and 5 years old when compared with BB and AB type yaks （P<005）. Moreover， higher water loss rate was observed in 6 years old AA type yaks when compared with BB and AB type yaks （P<005）. Genetic mutation of g.100+606G>T could be used as genetic markers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of community characteristics of macrozoobenthos in enhancement and releasing zone in Tonglu section of Qiantang River ZHANG Aiju1，2，3， LIU Jindian1，2，3,*，YANG Yuanjie1，2，3，GUO Aihuan1，2，3， GU Zhimin1，2，3，* 2016, 28(8):  1323.  Abstract ( 349 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1220KB) ( 1557 )   A seasonal investigation was conducted on the macrozoobenthos at 6 sections of enhancement and releasing zone in Tonglu section of Qiantang River from February to December in 2013. A total of 16 species were collected， which belonged to Mollusca， Annelida and Arthropoda， and Mollusca had the largest number of species. According to IRI value， Corbicula fluminea， Limnoperna lacustris and Nephthys sp. were the dominant species. All species were classified to 4 functional feeding groups: collectorfilterer， collectorgatherer， scraper and predator， of which the collectorfilterer was the predominant group. The mean annual density and biomass of the community were （39375±17372） m-2 and （29572±13197） g·m-2，respectively. There was no temporal significant difference in the macrozoobenthic density and biomass， but there was a significant variation in space. According to the community structure of macrozoobenthos， the sampling sections could be divided into 2 clusters， cluster A and B. In spring， summer and autumn， cluster A contained sectionⅠ， section Ⅵ， section Ⅴ and section Ⅳ， while cluster B contained section Ⅲ and section Ⅱ， which had a little difference in winter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphism of TLR6 gene and its associations with somatic cell score in Chinese Holstein cattle LI Qiangzi1， LIU Lixia1， YUE Binghui2， ZHANG Li1，* 2016, 28(8):  1332.  Abstract ( 271 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1207KB) ( 1450 )   To search the molecular markers that are associated with mastitis and to provide theoretical basis for the Holstein cattle breeding and disease resistance， the polymoprhisms of TLR6 gene in 303 Holstein cattle in Ningxia were detected by PCRSSCP technique, and the effect of TLR6 gene c.640G>A locus mutation on somatic cell score(SCS) of milk and various factors was analyzed using general linear model. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between TLR6 gene c.640G>A locus mutation and SCS and parity. The GA and AA genotype had significantly lower SCS than GG genotypes（P<001）. So, GA genotype of c.640G>A locus mutation could be applied as a low SCC / SCS superior genotypes in Chinese Holstein breeding. Related Articles | Metrics

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SNP and Indel analysis of BG gene of some Chinese chicken breeds WU Yun， BI Yulin， ZHANG Yang， GUO Xiaomin， LI Zhiteng， WAN Fang， ZHU Pengfei， XU Lu， CHANG Guobin*， XU Qi， CHEN Guohong 2016, 28(8):  1338.  Abstract ( 417 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 1354 )   B-G gene of the MHC families is related to the traits of disease resistance in chicken breeds. Investigation on the polymorphism of B-G genes can fundamentally improve the chickens disease resistance， and then lay a foundation for resistance breeding. In this study， the DNA samples of 25 chicken breeds were used by target capture sequencing method for gene sequencing. Considering B-G gene sequence of Gallus gallus as the reference， we used MEGA6 software for gene analysis to seek out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)， insertiondeletion (Indel) and the changes of amino acid， and finally constructed the evolutionary tree. The results revealed that exons had 8 SNPs， 19 Indels and introns had 67 SNPs， 327 Indels in 25 chicken breeds. Amino acids also presented certain polymorphisms and local breeds showed high degree of genetic diversity. This method provided abundant B-G genotypes in the chickens， such as recessive white chicken， Xianju chicken， Leghorns chicken. Leghorns chicken was in separate evolutionary tree for category. Tibetan chickens and Wenchang chickens were also separately categorized due to the geographical location factor. Rose in modern poultry and recessive white chickens gathered for one class， but homology between different types of Chinese local breeds were smaller. The above experiments showed that there were several origins and plenty of genetic diversities of B-G gene， which resulted in different disease resistance in Chinese indigenous breeds. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of carbon sources on growth of Paenibacillus polymyxa and polymyxin E synthesis SUN Zhongqi1， QIU Juanping1， LU Jianwei2， ZHAO Chuntian1，* 2016, 28(8):  1343.  Abstract ( 342 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1275KB) ( 1462 )   In order to explore new methods to improve the yield of polymyxin E， five different carbon sources including glucose， sucrose， maltose， lactose and soluble starch were added in the fermentation medium， respectively. The influence on Paenibacillus polymyxa growth and polymyxin E production of different carbon sources were investigated through plate counting method and HPLC method. The results indicated that the effects of different carbon sources on the growth of Paenibacillus polymyxa and the polymyxin E production varied significantly. The effect of these carbon sources on polymyxin E production was: soluble starch>lactose>sucrose>maltose>glucose. Soluble starch promoted both cell growth and polymyxin E yield by extending the polymyxin E biosynthetic period and promoting the synthetic rate. Compared with glucose as carbon source, the yield and the synthetic rate of polymyxin E were increased by 111% and 60%， respectively. Therefore， soluble starch was the optimal candidate for carbon sources among the five carbohydrates in polymyxin E synthese. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of MYB transcription factor FaMYB5 gene from strawberry FENG Chen， WANG Ling， TANG Haoru*， XIAO Jie 2016, 28(8):  1351.  Abstract ( 372 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (2052KB) ( 1504 )   The fulllength cDNA sequence of FaMYB5 gene was cloned from strawberry（Fragaria×ananassa cv. Toyonaka）through homology cloning method. Then， bioinformatics and expression pattern of FaMYB5 were analyzed by some softwares and realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR technique， respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA of FaMYB5 was 822 bp， encoding 273 amino acids， while the estimated molecular weight and isoelectric point of the putative protein were 29159 ku and 5709， and shared high identity of 957% with FvMYB5 from woodland strawberry. The expression analysis showed that the expression level of FaMYB5 was gradually increasing during fruit development. The lowest expression was detected at small green (SG) stage, and a reduced peak appeared at white stage, when the expression level was merely higher than SG stage. Thereafter, the expression increased gradually from initially red(IR) stage to the full red(FR) stage when the highest level was detected. In short, fulllength cDNA of FaMYB5 was cloned from strawberry, and the expression levels were different during fruit development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification for tolerance to low temperature and weak light and selection for morphological indexes of melon at seedling stage GAO Qinghai， WANG Yakun， GUO Yuanyuan 2016, 28(8):  1360.  Abstract ( 350 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 1433 )   Twenty melon varieties treated under low temperature and weak light at their seedling stage were used to assess the low temperature and weak light tolerance and to select the indicators by the correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 12 indicators （plant height， stem diameter， shoot fresh weight， root fresh weight， shoot dry weight， root dry weight， leaf number， root length， root surface area， root volume， roottip number and root projected area） of melon at seedling stage were measured after low temperature and weak light stress. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that there were positive correlation between 12 morphological indexes of melon， but the correlation between root length and root dry weight is not significant. Use the cluster analysis， 7 varieties with resistance to low temperature and weak light stress and 1 sensitive variety were screened out. A tolerance equation of melon seedlings was established by stepwise regression analysis， in which relative root fresh weight， relative root length， relative leaf number， relative root surface area and relative root projected area could be used as identification indicators of melon resistance to low temperature and weak light. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a qPCR detection method for monitoring conidial density of rice blast fungus in the air XU Liaoyuan1， ZHAO Liwen1， HU Yufeng2， QIU Haiping3， CHAI Rongyao3， ZHANG Zhen3，* 2016, 28(8):  1368.  Abstract ( 377 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1212KB) ( 1398 )   Rice blast disease， caused by Magnaporthe oryzae， was one of the most devastating fungal diseases of rice. It was very important to monitor airborne conidial density of M. oryzae in fields for forecasting and control of blast disease. In present study， a qPCR detection method for conidia of M. oryzae was developed， based on M. oryzae MHP1 gene as the target sequence. Airborne conidia of M. oryzae in fields were trapped and quantified using this method. The results showed that airborne conidia population of M. oryzae was largely fluctuant， and indicated that the conidia release of M. oryzae was obviously affected by meteorological conditions during the monitoring periods. Generally， this qPCR method could be used to detect and quantified airborne conidia of rice blast fungus in fields. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repellent effect of 7 nonhost plants on main cabbage insect pests SUN Meimei， CHEN Jianghua， YAO Hongyan， CHAI Weigang， CHEN Ruoxia* 2016, 28(8):  1374.  Abstract ( 303 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1217KB) ( 1418 )   The repellent ability of 7 nonhost plants such as Alliaceae sativum L.， Mentha haplocalyx Briq. and Tulbaghia violacea Harv. to 3 main cabbage insect pests such as aphid， Plutella xylostella and Pieris rapae， as well as the influence of interplanted with nonhost plants on the population dynamics of the 3 pests were conducted in greenhouse. The results indicated that the amount of aphid were decreased by 5835% and 5617%， and the amount of Plutella xylostella were decreased by 5204% and 4052%， respectively， when A. sativum L. and M. haplocalyx Briq. were planted at the entrance of the cabbage greenhouse. Meanwhile， the amount of Pieris rapae were decreases by 5536% and 4152% in cabbage interplanted with A. sativum L. and T. violacea Harv， respectively. It also indicated that the effective repellent distances of A. sativum L. on Pieris rapae， aphid and Plutella xylostella were 30， 10 and 05 m， respectively， which of M. haplocalyx Briq. on aphid and Pieris rapae were 30 m and 10 m， but showed no significant effect on Plutella xylostella. The effective repellent distances of other plants on the 3 main cabbage pests were less than 05 m. The repellent ability in general showed as A. sativum L.＞M. haplocalyx Briq.＞L. angustifolia Mill.， R. officinalis L.， Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosus（Benth.ex E.Mey.） Codd， S. japonica Thunb.， T. violacea. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on composition and stability of soil aggregates under different ageclass rubber plantation WANG Lianxiao1， SHI Zhengtao1，*， LIU Xinyou2，3， FENG Zebo1，XIAO Dongdong1 2016, 28(8):  1381.  Abstract ( 314 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1234KB) ( 1446 )   Taking different ageclass rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna as study objects， the composition and stability of soil aggregates were analyzed. It was shown that under dry treatment， the amount of soil aggregates exhibited a antidoublet trend as decreaseincreasedecreaseincrease with the decrease of clay diameter. Under wet treatment， the amount in 10， 30yearold rubber plantations showed an increasedecreaseincrease trend with the decrease of clay diameter. However， 20yearold rubber plantation showed the same antidoublet trend under wet treatment as under dry treatment. For the soil aggregates with clay diameter>5 mm， its amount followed an increasedecrease trend with the increase of plantation age， and the highest amount was found in 20yearold rubber plantations. While， for the soil aggregates with clay diameter <5 mm， its amount displayed an opposite trend. The content of the waterstable aggregates with>025 mm clay diameter in 20yearold rubber plantation was greater than those in 10， 30yearold rubber plantations. The value of mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameterl (GMD) of dryaggregates and waterstable aggregates in 20yearold rubber plantation were the highest， while， the fractal dimension value (D value), of soil aggregates in 20yearold rubber plantation was small， indicating that 20yearold rubber plantation possessed the best structural stability and the strongest corrosion resistance. The rubber plantation age showed significant effect on soil aggregate stability， especially in the surface soil. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of grazing and fencing on nutrients and enzyme activities in desert steppe soil LIU Xuedong1，2，3,CHEN Lin1，2，3,YANG Xinguo1，2，3,ZHAO Wei1，2，3,ZHANG Yifan1，2，3，LI Xuebin4，* 2016, 28(8):  1389.  Abstract ( 419 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1132KB) ( 1358 )   In order to study the effects of grazing and fencing on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of different vegetation communities， Agropyron mongolicum， Glycyrrhiza uralensis， Leymus secalinus were selected as study objects. It was shown that under grazing disturbance， soil organic carbon （SOC） content significantly decreased in Glycyrrhiza uralensis land. Soil total phosphorus （TP） content in the 3 tested vegetation communities significantly increased under grazing treatment. Soil total nitrogen （TN） in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Leymus secalinus land was also significantly increased. After grazing， soil alkaline phosphatase activity in Leymus secalinus land was significantly enhanced. Soil urease activity was significantly reduced in Agropyron mongolicum land， yet was significantly enhanced in Glycyrrhiza uralensis land under grazing. Under grazing treatment， soil catalase activity in Agropyron mongolicum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis land was significantly reduced. Overall， soil enzyme activities were correlated with soil nutrients. In conclusion， different vegetation community showed varied response to grazing and fencing treatment. Thus， different grazing intensities should be arranged for different vegetation community， in order to achieve vegetation restoration and soil fertility maintenance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on antioxidative activity of Maillard reaction products derived from porcine bone protein hydrolysates TANG Honggang， XIAO Chaogeng， YE Mengdi， ZHU Peipei， CHEN Lihong* 2016, 28(8):  1396.  Abstract ( 354 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 1553 )   Maillard reaction products （MRPs） were prepared by the reaction of porcine bone protein hydrolysates （PBPH） and glucose or xylose. MRPs were isolated to fractions with different molecular weights （＜1， 1-5， 5-10，>10 ku） by ultrafiltration. The antioxidative activity of the fractions was determined in vitro， respectively. The results showed that all fractions exhibited antioxidative activity， especially the fractions （MW>10 ku） had the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability， reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity. It revealed that antioxidative activity of MRPs with high molecular weight were more efficient. The differences of radical scavenging ability， reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity between MRPs derived from glucose and xylose were not significant （P＞005）， indicating that sugar structure showed no effect on antioxidative activity of MRPs prepared in this study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the extraction and analysis of red onion oleoresin LIU Xiaowen1，2， PAN Jun1， CHEN Xiong3， QUAN Qinguo1， AO Yan1，3， HU Sha1， DUAN Liping1， QI Chengmei1， HE Fulin1，2， YUAN Zhihui1，2，* 2016, 28(8):  1401.  Abstract ( 301 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1979KB) ( 1451 )   In the present study， Lingling red onion was taken as raw material. Different extraction solvents， solidliquid ratio， reaction time， reaction temperature and extraction times were employed to examine the influences on extraction yield of oleoresin. The chemical constituents were separated and identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GCMS）， and the relative contents in percentage of compounds were determined by peak area normalization method. It was shown that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: petroleum ether as extraction solvent， reaction temperature of 47 ℃， reaction time of 100 min， solidliquid ratio of 1∶8 and extraction times of twice. Under this conditions， the extraction rate could reach 0638 4% from 50 g Lingling red onion. A total of 18 volatile compounds were separated， and they accounted for 9781% of the total extractions， in which， sulfurcontaining compounds were 383%， acids were 2447%， ketones were 271%， alcohols were 1706%， esters were 1081% and aldehydes were 036%. The constituents included dimethyl disulfide， 1，3dithiane， hexanol， gadoleyl alcohol， 2methyl2pentanol， 3hydroxy2butanone， 5，7dimethylchromone3carboxaldehyde， palmitic acid， octadecadienoic acid， octadecenoate， dioctyl phthalate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of protein from Morchella esculenta mycelium ZHANG Qiang1，2WU Caie1，* 2016, 28(8):  1408.  Abstract ( 498 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1283KB) ( 1388 )   In this study， Morchella esculenta protein was extracted by alkaline dissosution and acid precipitation from Morchella esculenta mycelium obtained by liquidstate fermentation， and its physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activity were investigated in order to explore the application possibility in food and health care products industry. The results showed that the protein had an isoelectric point of 41， contained 7 kinds of essential amino acids， which accounted for 3809% of the total amino acids， exhibited excellent emulsifying ability and stability as well as admirable foaming ability and stability. The protein showed good performance of the total antioxidant activity， with IC50 value of （693±005） mg·mL-1 and VC equivalent of （1174±048） mg·g-1， and also the reducing power， with IC50 value of （424±016） mg·mL-1 and VC equivalent of （1015±048） mg·g-1. Furthermore， the protein exhibited different scavenging effects on DPPH， superoxide， hydroxyl and ABTS radicals. It was concluded that the protein could be served as an excellent material for the development of functional foods and health care products. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on dynamic model of coupled hot air and microwave drying of burdock WEI Lingjun, SONG Feihu*， ZHOU Hongmei， LI Zhenfeng， LI Jing 2016, 28(8):  1416.  Abstract ( 312 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 1345 )   With microwavehot air combined drying， high product quality and short drying period can be achieved. In the present study， 5 kinetic models based on Newton， Henderson and Pabis， Lagarithmic， Page， Wang and Singh equations， respectively， were built with the drying curves of burdock. Experiments were carried out to verify the effect of the built models. It was shown that the model based on Lagarithmic equation was the most suitable one for predicting the dynamic of the moisture content during microwavehot air combined drying. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on optimization and kinetics in anaerobic fermentation of mixed cattle manure and rice straw NIE Dong1， JIN Mingji2，*， LIU Yong3， YAN Changguo2 2016, 28(8):  1421.  Abstract ( 298 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1365KB) ( 1429 )   In order to achieve the resources utilization of rice straw and cattle manure， the effect of 3 kinds of pretreatment agents （H2O2， H2SO4， NaOH）， different concentrations of pretreatment agents （2%， 4%， 6%） and the raw material ratios of cattle manure and rice straw （1∶1， 2∶1， 4∶1） on anaerobic fermentation of mixed cattle manure and rice straw were evaluated by batch tests. The results showed that H2O2 was the optimum pretreatment agent of rice straw， the optimum concentration was 2%， and the best raw material ratio of cattle manure and rice straw was 1∶1. The average production rate of biogas was 3980 mL·g-1. At the same time， the dynamics research found that the first order kinetic model and Modified Gompertz model system both could simulate the process of biogas production in the cattle manure and rice straw mixed fermentation system. The Modified Gompertz model system was more suitable for describing the anaerobic fermentation process of producing biogas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidimensional perspective study about rural residential distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of Yujiang County in Jiangxi Province HUANG Cong1，2,ZHAO Xiaomin2，*,GUO Xi1，2,XIE Wen1，2,ZHANG Jiajia1，2,YE Yingcong1，2 2016, 28(8):  1428.  Abstract ( 328 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (2005KB) ( 1446 )   Taking rural residential in Yujiang County as study object， the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors were explored by VCM curve， kernel density estimation method， spatial autocorrelation analysis， Voronoi diagram， topographic index and so on. It was shown that the distribution of rural residential in Yujiang County belonged to cluster type. The high value of rural residential concentrated in the central plains area. The main factors influencing the rural residential distribution pattern consisted of topographic index， slope aspect， geological disasters， water loss and soil erosion， road， drainage， town. The rural residential concentrated to the topographic index advantage area， slope aspect advantage area， road developed area， drainage superior area and urban area. The geologicalhazardprone area， topographic index and slope aspect disadvantage area exhibited little appeal to rural residential. For the advantage region with a lot of rural residential， it could be used as the key developmental area， and reasonable planning and guidance should be provided for the construction of such area. While， for the disadvantage region with little rural residential， such as Huaqiao Town， Huangzhuang Village， Tangchaoyuan forest farm and so on， preventive measures and relocation work should be done. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial pattern of rural flow in Zhejiang and its influencing factors: Based on the analysis of taobao village and tourism village LIU Chuanxi， TANG Daijian 2016, 28(8):  1438.  Abstract ( 323 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (2984KB) ( 1427 )   With the development of the internet and modern transportation， the villages were connected in a network based on information flow， and the rural space of flows was on the rise. Taking taobao village and tourism village as the example， using the methods of nearest neighbor index， local spatial autocorrelation and kernel density， the overall distribution pattern， structure pattern and forming factors of the rural space of flows in Zhejiang were analyzed. The results showed that taobao village and tourism village overall showed “agglomeration” type distribution， but there was significant difference in the spatial scale of county. Distribution density showed spatial distribution characteristics of the combination of the two forms of surface aggregation and dot like low density， in which the distribution of the surface aggregation was the main form， and presented the typical multi center shape， and the areas of surface aggregation were mixed with small scale discrete point distribution. The spatial pattern of the rural space of flows in Zhejiang presented a “nested” network structure， which had the characteristics of dynamic change， elasticity and network. The factors that affect the spatial distribution of the rural space of flows and the “nested” network structure were the traditional factors and new factors in the information age， such as the internet and transportation， rural resources， knowledge and innovation， government behavior and other factors. Related Articles | Metrics