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Analysis of yield， heterosis and their correlation of cotton immortalized F2 population WANG Baoqin1， LI Bin1， LI Junwen2， LIU Shumei1， JIA Xinhe1，*#br# 2016, 28(7):  1095.  Abstract ( 394 )   HTML ( 59 )   PDF (575KB) ( 1448 )   In order to analyse the heterosis of yield and traits of cotton， a set of recombinant inbred line （RIL） derived from a hybrid combination （sGK9708 × 0-153） was used to constructed an immortalized F2 （IF2） population. This IF2 population included 98 single crosses. The heterosis analysis of seven yield traits and their correlation of immortalized F2 population was studied. The results showed that this seven traits had obvious heterosis in different environments， middle parents advantage and advantage combination rate were both larger. In the correlation factors of production， boll weight was the greatest， followed by the boll number per plant and lint percentage. Permanent group competitive advantage was negative， so this immortalized F2 population could not be directly used theoretically in production， but it could be used as genetic group research materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on salt tolerance of three soybean varieties at both germination and seedling stage ZHANG Jinxia1，2， DONG Dekun2， HU XingWang1，2， CHEN Fen2，3， ZHU Danhua2， *（ 2016, 28(7):  1101.  Abstract ( 540 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 1417 )   Three soybean varieties i.e. Jidou 12， Zhechun No.4 and Tianlong No.1 were used in this research to study the effects of salt treatment on soybean seed germination and seedling growth. Results showed that high concentration of salt significantly inhibited the seed germination， and the inhibitory effects varied significantly among varieties. Soybean seedlings were irrigated with 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl 1 time at twoleavesoneshoot stage and after 2 days， respectively. Salt stress conditions， leaf chlorophyll content， root activity and dry mass weight were all decreased， the MDA content， POD activity， SOD activity and free proline content were increased， and the range of variations varied among soybean varieties. The data from both seed germination experiment and seedling experiments inferred that Jidou 12 had better salt tolerant ability than the others. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissues culture of Pueraria lobata （wild） Ohwi Dabashan HUA Xiaoqin1， LIU Gaoliang2， ZHANG Qinghui2， ZHANG Lu1， ZHANG Ting1， ZHONG Yu1， * 2016, 28(7):  1108.  Abstract ( 382 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (800KB) ( 1569 )   In order to realize the rapid propagation of Pueraria lobata（wild） Ohwi Dabashan， the effects of sterilization time， macroelement in MS medium and plant growth regulators on disinfection， initial culture， multiplication culture and rooting culture of Pueraria lobata（wild） Ohwi Dabashan were studied by tissues culture， using its stem with axillary bud as explants. The results showed that: （1） The explants were sterilized in 75% alcohol and 0.1% HgCl2 for 20 s and 10 min， the survival rate reached to 67.56%. （2） The medium for the initial culture was 1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.3 mg·L-1 IBA， the percentage of axillary bud was up to 92.2%. （3） The optimum multiplication medium was 1/2 MS+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.05 mg·L-1 IBA， multiplication coefficient reached to 5.0. （4） The rooting medium was 1/2 MS+0.01 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-1 IBA， with rooting rate 96.03%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of glyphosateresistant transgenic soybean on physical enginery of male mice LU Chunbin1， LIN Zebin1， ZHANG Yan1， CHEN Bohui1， WU Jiale1， LIU Biao2， * 2016, 28(7):  1115.  Abstract ( 335 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (549KB) ( 1458 )    The effects of glyphosateresistant transgenic soybean on physical enginery were evaluated in male Kunming mice after being fed for 30 d with glyphosateresistant transgenic soybean and nontransgenic soybean， respectively. The locomotive ability， antifatigue and antianoxia ability were comparatively studied in both groups under normal physiological condition. The physical enginery was also tested in CPinduced pathological model of mice. Results showed that there were no significant differences of locomotive ability， antifatigue and antianoxia ability in both animal groups under normal physiological condition. Furthermore， compared with animals fed with traditional soybean， no significant differences of locomotive ability， antifatigue and antianoxia ability were observed in CPtreated pathological model animals fed for 30 d with glyphosateresistant transgenic soybean. In conclusion， there were no adverse toxicological effects of glyphosateresistant transgenic soybean fed for 30 d on physical enginery in male mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of genetic diversity of indigenous chicken breeds using exon 2 of MHC B-L gene YUAN Xiaoya1，2,*， LIU Libo2，3,*， ZHENG Maiqing2， LIU Ranran2， LI Qinghe2， WANG Qiao2， CUI Huanxian2， WEN Jie2， CHEN Guohong1，**， ZHAO Guiping2，** 2016, 28(7):  1121.  Abstract ( 286 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (776KB) ( 1403 )   The genetic diversities of nine Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were investigated by sequencing the MHC B-L exon 2. According to allele frequencies of MHC B-L exon 2， genetic parameter and Tajima-Nei genetic distances and Maximum Likelihood genetic distances were calculated for each breed. By the Neighbor-joining and FitchMargoliash methods， phylogenetic trees were obtained based on two types of genetic distances. The results showed gene flow was the major factor affecting genetic diversities of nine Chinese indigenous chicken breeds. The phylogenetic relationship among different chicken breeds population was in accordance with their localities and breeding history. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different protein sources on intestinal microbiota structures of turbot （Scophtalmus maximus L.） using in vitro culture method WANG Yunshuang1， PI Xionge2， WANG Xin2， HE Gen1，* 2016, 28(7):  1128.  Abstract ( 328 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (998KB) ( 1392 )   The gut of turbot contained a diverse population of bacteria which contributed to food digestion and nutrient absorption. The high substitution rate of soybean meal to fish meal would damage the health of the fish. In the present study， the contents of intestine were diluted and cultured in three plate culture media. The result showed that there were a number of bacteria in every part of the intestine， the number of cultural aerobic bacteria was higher than that of the anaerobic bacteria in the gut of turbot， and the population of upper intestine was higher. The DGGEprofiles showed that the structure of turbots intestine was influenced by protein sources， and the main bacterial strain was similar when incubated in fishmeal or fermented soybean meal culture under anaerobic condition. Based on the results of the PCRDGGEprofiles， the relationship of the bacteria species was greatly influenced by different protein sources under aerobic conditions， and proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in the turbot gut which could utilize the protein. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of soybean isoflavone on NGF， IL-2 protein in ovariectomized rats spleen XIA Yu1，2， LUO Qihui1，2， ZHU Chunmei1，2， SHI Liangqin1，2， CHEN Shanshan1，2， DENG Juan1，2， ZOU Yao1，2， CHENG Anchun1，3,CHEN Zhengli1，2，* 2016, 28(7):  1135.  Abstract ( 317 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (2473KB) ( 1394 )   To study the effect of soybean isoflavone on NGF， IL-2 protein in the ovariectomized rats spleen， young female SD rats were ovariectomized successfully， and then were supplied with soy isoflavone （SI） in high dosage （1.5 mg·kg-1）， medium dosage （1.0 mg·kg-1）， low dosage （0.5 mg·kg-1）， respectively. The rats of sham operation group and the control group were supplied with solvent agent. All of the above groups endured hypodermic injection once every other day. After 14 and 42 d treatment， 5 rats per group were killed for study. The expression and distribution of NGF， IL-2 in spleen were studied by immunohistochemical methods. The NGF， IL-2 protein were mainly distributed in red pulp close to the capsule. The intensity and number of NGF， IL-2 positive cells of the ovariectomized rats were significantly decreased， and after ovariectomizing， the damage was enhanced with prolonged time. After soy isoflavone treatment， the intensity and number of NGF and IL2 positive cells of ovariectomized rats increased and showed a timedependent manner. During the same period， with the increased concentration of soy isoflavone， the intensity and number of NGF and IL-2 positive cells increased and showed a dosedependent manner. The above results suggested that soy isoflavone could upregulate the expression of NGF and IL2 in a timeand dosedependent manner. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphism of LF gene and its associations with milk traits and mastitis of Chinese Holstein cattle LI Qiangzi1， MA Shenghu2， XU Jun2， WEN Liang2， TIAN Li1， LIU Lixia1， ZHANG Li1，* 2016, 28(7):  1142.  Abstract ( 347 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1028KB) ( 1391 )   Lactoferrin（LF） is one of the defense factor in breast tissue， which plays an important role in bodys resistance to mastitis. The polymorphism of LF gene in 303 Holstein cattle in Ningxia was detected by PCRSSCP， and the effects of LF gene g.4388G>C locus mutation on daily milk yield， milk fat， milk protein percentage and somatic cell score （SCS） were analyzed via general linear model. It was shown that there was a significant relationship between LF gene g.4388 G>C locus mutation and milk yield， milk fat and SCS （P<0.05）. The GC genotype had significantly lower SCS compared with GG and CC genotypes （P<0.01）. Therefore， GC gene as a superior genotype against mastitis would be applied in dairy cattle breeding. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mercury on oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity of Ctenopharyngodon idellus LIU Zhancai1，2， NIU Jingyan1， GUO Yanling2， KONG Xianghui2 2016, 28(7):  1148.  Abstract ( 297 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (2238KB) ( 1357 )   This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Hg2+ on oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity of grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus）. The experimental fish were divided into control and treatment groups. The control group fish was raised in cultivated water， while the treatment group fish was exposed to 0.5 mg·L-1 Hg2+ for 24 hours first， and then transferred in cultivated water. Afterwards， they were sampled at 0 （24 h Hg2+exposure）， 5， 12， 21 d to test the superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， glutathion and peroxidase （GPx） activities as well as glutathione（GSH） and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents in their gill， hepatopancreas， spleen and kidney. It was shown that compared with the control group， the SOD， GPx activities （0， 5 d）， CAT activity （0， 5， 12 d） and GSH （5 d）， MDA （5， 12， 21 d） contents in gill in treatment group increased significantly（P<0.05）. In contrast， GPx activity （12， 21 d）， GSH and MDA contents （0 d） decreased significantly（P<0.05）. The SOD， CAT， GPx activities（0 d） and GSH （21 d），MDA （0，5 d） contents in hepatopancreas in treatment group rose sharply （P<0.05）. However， CAT activity（5， 12 d）， GSH （0， 5， 12 d） and MDA （12， 21 d）contents dropped significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. As for spleen， there was no significant difference on SOD， CAT and GPx activities between control and treatment group during the experimental period （P>0.05）. While， the GSH content （0 d） was lowered significantly（P<0.01），and the GSH （12 d） and MDA（0 d） contents were elevated remarkably（P<0.05）. The SOD （0， 5，12 d）， GPx（0 d） activities and GSH （12 d）， MDA （0 d） contents in kidney in treatment group were increased significantly （P<0.05）. Nevertheless，CAT （0，5，12 d） activity and GSH（0，5 d） content were decreased remarkably （P<0.05）. This test indicated that for grass carp， the SOD and CAT activities of organ tissues were recovered to the normal level. In hepatopancreas， GSH content exceeded the control group level （P<0.01）， and MDA content was significantly lower than that of control group （P<0.05）， but the GPx activity and MDA content in gill seemed unable to recover to the level of control group in the experimental period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification， characterization and evolution of NAC transcription factors in Phalaenopsis XIAO Shanshan， ZHAO Hu， SUN Yefang， DAI Yuyou* 2016, 28(7):  1156.  Abstract ( 362 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (3522KB) ( 1420 )   Orchid species show variable biological characters and important commodity characteristics. Phalaenopsis equestris is the first species in Orchidaceae whose wholegenome sequencing has been finished. Its essential to mine important gene families in Phalaenopsis equestris for genomics research of orchidaceae. In this paper， NCBI blast search was adopted to identify NAC transcription factors in Phalaenopsis equestris， and then phylogenetic relationships， conserved domain and gene structure analysis of these genes were performed. After removing redundant and mismatch sequences， 86 genes in Phalaenopsis equestris were identified as PeNACs， all of which contained a typical NAM domain. Two of them （PEQU_23244 and PEQU_40419）， predicted to have a transmembrane motif in Cterminal sequence， belonged to MTFs （membranebound transcription factors）. Sixteen of all 86 PeNACs only contained parts of the consensus sequence for NAM domain. The rest 70 PeNACs were used to construct phylogenetic tree with AtNACs. According to phylogenetic analysis， all these genes could be divided into A and B two major groups， and each of them were further classified into 3 and 12 subfamilies. The gene and protein structure of PeNACs were more diverse in group A than in group B. Members of NAM subfamily in PeNACs were highly homologous with Arabidopsis CUC1， CUC2 and CUC3. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on growth and physiological index of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Dahonggan leaves under low temperature stress JIANG Jinglong， SHEN Jixue， XU Weiping， TIAN Yun， LI Li 2016, 28(7):  1164.  Abstract ( 322 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1348KB) ( 1574 )    Fall shoot of citrus （Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Dahonggan） planted in Hanzhong City， Shaanxi Province， were cultured in Hoagland hydroponic solution and were used as experimental materials. The effects of different concentrations of H2O2 treatments on growth and physiological indexes of Dahonggan leaves under low temperature stress （4 ℃） were studied， in order to select the optimum concentration of H2O2 and to investigate the role of exogenous H2O2 in alleviating chilling injury of citrus to cold. It was shown that the degree of curl and cell membrane damage of Dahonggan leaf gradually increased with the extension of low temperature stress time. Both 0.1 and 1.0 mmol·L-1 H2O2 could ease leaves curling and wilting in Dahonggan caused by low temperature stress; however， the effect of 1.0 mmol·L-1 H2O2 was more significant than the concentration of 0.1 mmol·L-1 on alleviating damage of Dahonggan leaves caused by chilling stress. 1.0 mmol·L-1 H2O2 could obviously reduce the damage of cell membrane by lowering the increase of REC and MDA， reducing the accumulation of O.-2 and H2O2 and improving the activities of SOD and CAT in Dahonggan leaves under low temperature. Relatively high concentrations of exogenous H2O2 could not show alleviating effects; on the contrary， it produced some toxic effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of boron on physiological and antioxidant enzymes activity of Huangguogan XIONG Bo1， YE Shuang1， QIU Xia1， LI Qingnan1， GU Xianjie1， SUN Guochao2， LUO Hua3， WANG Zhihui1，2，* 2016, 28(7):  1171.  Abstract ( 434 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (585KB) ( 1588 )   In this study， 7yearold Huangguogan trees were used as the materials， 4 different boron treatments were set， to study the effect of boron on physiological and antioxidant enzymes activities in Huangguogan roots and leaves. The results showed that the insoluble boron content was increased by 1-7 folds in Huangguogan leaves compared with the control. Insoluble boron was the main form in the roots and leaves. The contents of proline and boron were significantly increased by boron treatments in Huangguogan roots and leaves. There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde （MDA） content in leaves. The lower and higher concentrations of boron could significantly reduce the chlorophyll content， decrease CAT， POD and SOD activities， and increase cell membrane permeability of the leaves in the late fructescence. When boron content was higher， the content of proline was accumulated， which could activate the oxidative stress reaction， and result in reduction of boron toxicity in Huangguogan roots and leaves. Related Articles | Metrics

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Elicitors screening of Streptomyces 702 to increase production of antifungalmycin 702 NIE Li， WEI Saijin* 2016, 28(7):  1177.  Abstract ( 308 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1311KB) ( 1393 )   Promotion effects on synthesis of antifungalmycin 702 by Streptomyces 702 were conducted by adding abiotic and biotic elicitors. The results showed that promotion effect was obvious by adding threonine and sorbitol into Streptomyces 702 cultures at 32 and 64 h， in which the inhibition zone diameter of adding threonine was 3025% higher than the control. Biological elicitors， Staphylococcus aureus had obvious promotion effect on antifungalmycin 702 synthesis at both 64 and 96 h， especially at 64 h， and Bacillus subtilis had promotion effect at only 64 h. While， Aspergillus niger and Penicillium orange had no effect. Escherichia coli elicitor had promotion effect when adding at 0， 32， 64 and 96 h， and the best effect was achieved at 32 h whose inhibition zone diameter was 3967% higher than the control. The optimum adding concentrations of threonine and E. coli were 50 and 3 μg·mL-1， respectively， and the inhibition zone diameters were 25.78% and 51.17% higher than the control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ensemble simulation of impacts of climate change on rice production in Zhejiang Province YE Hongbao， SHI Xiaoyan， LI Dong， HUA Shan， XU Zhifu* 2016, 28(7):  1183.  Abstract ( 374 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (2313KB) ( 1465 )   The methodology integrating crop models and global climate model are important tools to estimate the impacts of climate change on agricultural production. The characteristics of changes on agricultural climate resources and the impact of climate change on rice production in Zhejiang Province were explored with ensemble simulation of 11 global climate models （GCMs） under 3 representative concentration pathway （RCP） scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and the ground observation data. Climate projections for 2050s period （2041-2060） and 2070s period （2061-2080） under RCP26， RCP45， RCP85 scenarios were stochastically downscaled to localscale ensemble daily weather data using the LARSWG weather generator. The local ensemble weather data were applied as input in rice simulation models ORYZA2000. It was shown that the mean temperature for Hangzhou and Jinhua during 2070s would increase by 1.65-3.56， 1.75-3.67 ℃， respectively， and the rice heat damage would become more serious. Ensemble simulation result indicated that the growth duration of rice in representative site would be shortened due to the accelerated rice development under climate warming. Without direct effect of CO2 elevation， the rice yield would decrease as compared to the baseline， and higher yield decrease was simulated under high RCP climate scenarios with greater temperature increase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Coupling effects of salt stress and fertilizer application on rice yield and fertilizer using efficiency in coastal saline soil YU Haiping1， GUO Bin2，*， FU Qinglin2， DING Nengfei2， LIU Chen2， LIN Yicheng2 2016, 28(7):  1193.  Abstract ( 321 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1569 )    Field experiments in Shangyu coastal saline soil were carried out to investigate coupling effects of salt stresses and fertilizer application （N and P） on rice yield and fertilizer using efficiency. It was shown that the salt contents in 0-40 cm soil layer increased sharply after drainage during the rice mature stage. Due to the low fertility of saline soil， the rice yields of the control plots with low and high salt content were only 1 260 and 520 kg·hm-2， respectively. The rice yields were significantly increased by N and P application， and the highest yields were obtained as 6 530 and 5 030 kg·hm-2 in either low or high saltstressed soil， respectively. Among yield components， the number of productive ear was the most influenced by N and P application. The economic optimum N and P application rate were 2818 and 107.5 kg·hm-2 in low saltstressed soil （1.0-2.0 g·kg-1）， and 344.9 and 161.3 kg·hm-2 in high saltstressed soil （2.0-4.0 g·kg-1）， respectively. The ratio of grain to straw was slightly decreased with N and P application. The N and P fertilizer using efficiency were 33.9%-58.2% and 51.2%-61.8%， respectively， in low saltstressed soil， and 25.1%-38.0% and 31.0%-43.2%， respectively， in high saltstressed soil. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon of rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna WANG Lianxiao1， SHI Zhengtao1，*， LIU Xinyou2，3， YANG Fan1 2016, 28(7):  1200.  Abstract ( 273 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1375 )   Focused on soil organic carbon （SOC） content in rubber plantations with different stand age， the soil organic carbon distribution at temporal and spatial scales had been analyzed in Mengla， Xishuangbanna. It was shown that SOC content of 10， 20， 30 a rubber plantation was 951-1088， 736-788， 878-931 g.kg-1， respectively， and organic carbon storage decreased as 10 a>30 a>20 a. SOC content gradually decreased with the increasing depth of soil layers， and there was no significant difference in SOC content in 0-45 cm soil layer of 20 a， 30 a rubber plantation. SOC content in the same soil layer differed significantly among rubber plantations with different stand age. But， the majority of SOC concentrated in 0-30 cm soil layer， especially in 0-15 cm soil layer. SOC storage in the surveyed rubber plantations were 4750-6641 t·hm-2， and exhibited similar trend in different soil layers and different stand age plantations as SOC content. Compared with rubber plantations in Danzhou， Hainan Province， the SOC storage in rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna was larger， while， the variation of SOC in depth was less in Xishuangbanna. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular identification of green tide algae in the South Yellow Sea and preliminary study on its nutritive value CAI Zihao， DU Jing， SUN Bin， HE Peimin*， MA Jiahai* 2016, 28(7):  1206.  Abstract ( 303 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (918KB) ( 1394 )   Based on molecular identification，the nutritive value of green tide algae from the South Yellow Sea in 2014 was studied in this research. ITS sequence analysis showed that green tide algae in the South Yellow Sea were include in Ulva linzaproceraprolifera（LPP）and Ulva compressa. Nutritive value analysis indicated that green tide algae in the South Yellow Sea was a new safe and healthy sea food providing higher protein （26.46%-29.01%），lower fat（0.76%-0.91%） and higher dietary fiber （4.87%-6.58%）， whose protein content was similar with the attached algae from Zhejiang（independent ttest，P>0.05）. The amino acid composition of protein was balance with 30.31%-33.83% for EAA/TAA，and the flavor amino acids contents were high （42.84%-46.89%）; meanwhile， the compositions of fatty acids in green tide algae from the South Yellow Sea were rich，the contents of alpha linolenic acid was (32.36±6.58)% of total fatty acids. The green tide algae was a safe seaweed food with high protein content (26.46%-29.01%), low fat content (0.76%-0.91%) and high fiber content (4.87%-6.58%). Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of biomass and carbonization temperature on biochar yield and characteristics LIN Xiaoqing1，2， LYU Haohao2，3， LIU Yuxue2，3， WANG Yuying2，3， YANG Shengmao1，2，3，* 2016, 28(7):  1216.  Abstract ( 1419 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (783KB) ( 1748 )   In the present study， biochars were fabricated from biomass bamboo， pecan shell， rice and rape straw through slow pyrolysis in a vacuum environment at 300-700 ℃ for 6 h， respectively， and the relationship of material properties， pyrolysis characteristics and biochar yield were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis. The obtained biochars were characterized in terms of its elemental composition and oxygencontaining functional group composition. It was shown that biomass material compositions had obvious influence on the yield of biochar at the pyrolytic temperature of 300-400 ℃. The biochar yield increased with the increasing of lignin content. Nevertheless， at high temperature （>400 ℃）， the ash content of biochar dominated the biochar yield. Due to the high ash content in the rice and rape straw， the yield of biochar derived from rice and rape straw was higher than that derived from bamboo and pecan shell. With the increasing of carbonization temperature， the ash， ash less carbon content and the stability of biochars increased， except that rice straw still had some oxygencontaining functional groups at high temperature （500-700 ℃）. In conclusion， yield of biochar was dependent on the biomass material at certain temperature， and the stability of biochar was determined by the carbonization temperature in the present study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and implementation of intelligent control greenhouse with multiresource perception and high efficient circulation WANG Honglei1，2,XU Pingping1,FAN Jide3，ZHAO Lin3 2016, 28(7):  1224.  Abstract ( 393 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (3098KB) ( 1412 )   In order to reduce the energy consumption and labor costs in the process of crop production in greenhouse， and to increase the agricultural recycling effect， an efficient recycling greenhouse design system was proposed. In order to reduce the use of high energy consumption equipment， the solar heating materials were used for thermal storage to increase temperature in the greenhouse， and the special ventilation window design was applied to increase the air convection area and reduce temperature in the greenhouse. The agricultural recycling was achieved by combining light with shade solar greenhouse， which could be controlled by computers and mobile phones via multisource perception and dynamic weighting fusion algorithm to improve control and fusion accuracy. This agricultural expert system control strategy was integrated with 3 models， i.e. crops growth model， greenhouse control model and energy consumption model， and the multiple factors and energy saving optimization control method was put forward according to crop photosynthesis rate in greenhouse. In view of the difference between the economic benefit and the cost of energy consumption， the optimal control strategy was obtained， which could increase yield and reduce the cost of greenhouse control. Up to now， the whole set of monitoring system has been tested in Xuzhou modern agricultural experiment demonstration base. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on inverse kinematics solution of apple picking manipulator ZOU Zhiyong， HAN Jiusheng 2016, 28(7):  1235.  Abstract ( 291 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (803KB) ( 1360 )   In order to improve the stability and yield of apple picking robot， the method of inverse kinematics of picking manipulator was proposed. First， the DH model was used to establish the model of the apple picking robot. Kinematics problem of apple picking robot was thus translated into programming problem. The objective function was the Euclidean distance between the apple picking robot coordinate and unknown coordinate. In order to obtain the inverse kinematic parameters， the genetic algorithm was then used for global search， which included selection， crossover and mutation operators， and nonlinear programming was used for local search based on the result of genetic algorithm. Finally， the kinematic parameters were divided into 3 grades by random forest algorithm. Experiment showed that compared with the genetic algorithm， the algorithm proposed in the present study improved the accuracy by 8-25 mm in solution of inverse kinematics. In conclusion， the proposed method was valid for kinematics problem， and thus would help improve the yield of apple picking robot. Related Articles | Metrics

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Infrared target detection based on firefly optimal deviation algorithm ZHOU Lin， LI Hongjuan 2016, 28(7):  1243.  Abstract ( 316 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1897KB) ( 1345 )   In order to improve the performance of infrared target detection， firefly optimal deviation （FOD） algorithm was proposed. First， infrared target detection model was established， and structure of infrared image target gray value of optimal bias was estimated. Second， firefly update was adopted in region decided range. Third， infrared point target imaging of Airy spot energy distribution was considered firefly fitness function in optimization， and the algorithm flow was given. Finally， simulation showed that FOD algorithm could detect the target region in infrared image with accurate edge location and higher detection efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis into soil organic carbon sequestration potential of different fertilization modes under ricewheat rotation in lower Yangtze River ZHU Liqun1，2， WANG Chunjie2， CHEN Ligen1， LI Jing1 2016, 28(7):  1249.  Abstract ( 306 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1526KB) ( 1439 )   Based on 184 samples taken from 27 paddy field experimental sites in the ricewheat rotation fields in lower Yangtze River， a Metaanalysis was performed to quantify the relative annual changes of soil organic carbon （SOC） content （RAC） and SOC sequestration duration in paddy fields under 4 fertilization modes （inorganic nitrogen fertilization， N; inorganic nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium fertilization， NPK; organic fertilization， O; and inorganic combined with organic fertilization， OF）. It was shown that all fertilization treatments could significantly increase RAC in paddy fields， and the RAC under N， NPK， O and OF was 0.05， 0.19， 0.22 and 031 g·kg-1·a-1， respectively， and the highest RAC was recorded under OF treatment. RAC in topsoil under double cropping system and triple cropping system was 0.26, 0.21 g·kg-1·a-1， respectively. The topsoil organic carbon accumulation rate decreased gradually with increasing time under all 4 fertilization modes. The soil organic carbon sequestration duration of N， NPK， O and OF was 19， 36， 51 and 47 a， respectively， and it was the longest under O treatment. Accumulation enhancement rates of SOC for N， NPK， O and OF over the whole soil organic carbon sequestration period were 6.93%， 18.98%， 22.34% and 32.33%， respectively， and it was the largest under OF treatment. From the perspective of soil carbon sequestration in cropland， fertilization treatments with inorganic combined with organic fertilization was more appropriate for ricewheat rotation in the lower Yangtze River. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical analysis of breeding efficiency and regional diversities of scale pig in China： Based on DEAMalmquist index WANG Dexin1，HUANG Ke2， ZHENG Yancheng1，*，LI GUcheng1 2016, 28(7):  1262.  Abstract ( 281 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (780KB) ( 1395 )   Based on Malmquist index method， the inputoutput data of 15 major live pigproducing regions from 2004 to 2012 in China were adopted to measure the breeding efficiency change of Chinas scale pig and analyze the regional diversities under different breeding scales. It was shown that all the breeding scales exhibited a positive growth in breeding efficiency from the perspective of the nationwide average Malmquist index. The smallscale breeding showed the highest breeding efficiency， while the largescale breeding exhibited the lowest efficiency. On the provincial and regional level， even in the same scale breeding， breeding efficiency varied among different regions in different provinces. According to the sequential change from 2004 to 2012， the changes of breeding efficiency in three breeding scales were almost the same as a “W” shape. Related Articles | Metrics