不同规格穴盘对番茄幼苗生长及其机械化移栽的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.05.09

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 840-845.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.05.09

不同规格穴盘对番茄幼苗生长及其机械化移栽的影响

王克磊(), 朱隆静, 苏世闻, 包玉花, 陈先知, 徐坚^*()

温州市农业科学研究院温州市设施蔬菜工程技术中心,浙江温州 325000

收稿日期:2020-06-26 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-05-25
通讯作者: 徐坚
作者简介:*徐坚,E-mail:zwxuj@qq.com
王克磊(1982—),男,山东烟台人,硕士,副教授,主要从事设施蔬菜生理生态研究。E-mail:wangklwz@qq.com
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02009);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y0201840616)

Effects of different specifications of hole tray on tomato growth and mechanized transplanting

WANG Kelei(), ZHU Longjing, SU Shiwen, BAO Yuhua, CHEN Xianzhi, XU Jian^*()

Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou Controlled-Environment Vegetable Engineering Center, Wenzhou 325000, China

Received:2020-06-26 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-05-25
Contact: XU Jian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以3种不同规格穴盘进行番茄育苗并研究不同苗龄下的番茄生长发育及其机械化移栽情况,通过测定番茄幼苗生长、生理及机械化移栽合格率等指标,以期为番茄穴盘育苗的机械化移栽提供参考。研究结果表明,3种不同规格穴盘的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、地上部干重、地下部干重随着苗龄的增加而上升,番茄幼苗根系活力、净光合速率随着苗龄的增加先上升后下降。苗龄20 d和40 d时番茄苗由于生长的影响其机械化移栽合格率均低于90%,未达行业标准要求。综合来看,苗龄30 d时50孔穴盘的番茄幼苗生长最佳,根系活力和净光合速率最高,基质散坨率为5.6%,机械化移栽合格率为93.89%,最适合机械化移栽。

关键词: 番茄, 穴盘苗, 机械化移栽, 散坨率

Abstract:

The growth and mechanized transplanting of tomato seedlings at different seedling ages were studied by measuring the growth, physiological propety and qualified rate of mechanized transplanting, and the results were analyzed in order to provide reference for mechanized transplanting of tomato seedlings. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight and root dry weight of tomato seedlings increased with the increase of seedling age, the root activity and net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of seedling age. At the seedling age of 20 d and 40 d, the qualified rate of mechanized transplanting of tomato seedlings was lower than 90%, which did not meet the industry standards. On the whole, the growth of tomato seedlings in 50 hole tray at the seeding age of 30 d was the best, the root activity and net photosynthetic rate were the highest, the scattered lump rate was 5.6%, the qualified rate of mechanized transplanting was 93.89%, which was the most suitable for mechanized transplanting.

Key words: tomato, plug seedling, mechanized transplanting, scattered lump rate

中图分类号:

S641.2

王克磊, 朱隆静, 苏世闻, 包玉花, 陈先知, 徐坚. 不同规格穴盘对番茄幼苗生长及其机械化移栽的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(5): 840-845.

WANG Kelei, ZHU Longjing, SU Shiwen, BAO Yuhua, CHEN Xianzhi, XU Jian. Effects of different specifications of hole tray on tomato growth and mechanized transplanting[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(5): 840-845.

图/表 7

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苗龄 Seedling age/d	穴盘规格 Specification of hole tray	株高 Height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight/g	地下部干重 Root dry weight/g	叶片开展度 Blade development/cm	壮苗指数 Seedling index
20	A1	11.69 de	0.189 de	0.327 e	0.0605 cd	11.36 bc	0.078 cde
	A2	9.97 ef	0.174 e	0.309 ef	0.0473 cde	9.98 bc	0.061 de
	A3	9.06 f	0.146 e	0.246 g	0.0407 e	9.19 c	0.052 e
30	A1	16.07 c	0.290 ab	0.483 c	0.0792 c	16.97 a	0.102 bc
	A2	13.01 d	0.249 bc	0.428 d	0.0627 d	12.23 b	0.081 cd
	A3	10.41 ef	0.231 cd	0.276 fg	0.0451 de	9.61 c	0.060 de
40	A1	25.48 a	0.341 a	0.677 a	0.1342 a	17.13 a	0.172 a
	A2	18.07 b	0.290 ab	0.551 b	0.0858 b	15.70 a	0.109 b
	A3	16.41 bc	0.269 bc	0.481 c	0.0616 c	16.18 a	0.078 cde

苗龄 Seedling age/d	穴盘规格 Specification of hole tray	株高 Height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight/g	地下部干重 Root dry weight/g	叶片开展度 Blade development/cm	壮苗指数 Seedling index
20	A1	11.69 de	0.189 de	0.327 e	0.0605 cd	11.36 bc	0.078 cde
	A2	9.97 ef	0.174 e	0.309 ef	0.0473 cde	9.98 bc	0.061 de
	A3	9.06 f	0.146 e	0.246 g	0.0407 e	9.19 c	0.052 e
30	A1	16.07 c	0.290 ab	0.483 c	0.0792 c	16.97 a	0.102 bc
	A2	13.01 d	0.249 bc	0.428 d	0.0627 d	12.23 b	0.081 cd
	A3	10.41 ef	0.231 cd	0.276 fg	0.0451 de	9.61 c	0.060 de
40	A1	25.48 a	0.341 a	0.677 a	0.1342 a	17.13 a	0.172 a
	A2	18.07 b	0.290 ab	0.551 b	0.0858 b	15.70 a	0.109 b
	A3	16.41 bc	0.269 bc	0.481 c	0.0616 c	16.18 a	0.078 cde

项目 Item	株高 Height			茎粗 Stem diameter			地上部干重 Shoot dry weight			地下部干重 Root dry weight			叶片开展度 Blade development
项目 Item	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P
苗龄	225.1	185.7	0.000	0.040	45.7	0.000	0.175	259.1	0.000	0.005	60.1	0.000	85.6	43.9	0.000
Seedling age
穴盘规格	79.4	65.5	0.000	0.008	8.8	0.002	0.059	87.6	0.000	0.004	52.2	0.000	29.2	15.0	0.000
Specification of hole tray
苗龄×穴盘规格	9.9	8.2	0.001	0.004	0.3	0.850	0.005	7.6	0.001	0.001	7.7	0.001	8.8	4.5	0.010
Seedling age× Specification of hole tray

项目 Item	株高 Height			茎粗 Stem diameter			地上部干重 Shoot dry weight			地下部干重 Root dry weight			叶片开展度 Blade development
项目 Item	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P
苗龄	225.1	185.7	0.000	0.040	45.7	0.000	0.175	259.1	0.000	0.005	60.1	0.000	85.6	43.9	0.000
Seedling age
穴盘规格	79.4	65.5	0.000	0.008	8.8	0.002	0.059	87.6	0.000	0.004	52.2	0.000	29.2	15.0	0.000
Specification of hole tray
苗龄×穴盘规格	9.9	8.2	0.001	0.004	0.3	0.850	0.005	7.6	0.001	0.001	7.7	0.001	8.8	4.5	0.010
Seedling age× Specification of hole tray

苗龄 Seedling age/d	穴盘规格 Specification of hole tray	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content /(mg·g^-1)	根系活力 Root activity /(μg·g^-1·h^-1)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate /(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
20	A1	16.48 e	85.31 e	12.01 de
	A2	16.31 e	94.24 de	9.79 ef
	A3	15.42 e	87.84 de	8.12 f
30	A1	32.43 a	130.41 a	21.79 a
	A2	28.62 bc	120.14 ab	19.30 ab
	A3	21.86 d	112.36 b	16.81 bc
40	A1	29.95 ab	127.41 a	18.51 ab
	A2	26.66 c	108.12 b	16.27 bc
	A3	20.92 d	99.17 cd	14.69 cd

不同规格穴盘对番茄幼苗生长及其机械化移栽的影响

Effects of different specifications of hole tray on tomato growth and mechanized transplanting

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项目 Item	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content			根系活力Root activity			光合速率Net photosynthetic rate
项目 Item	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P	均方 Mean square	F	P
苗龄Seedling age	348.7	107.4	0.000	2408.4	51.7	0.000	206.0	26.7	0.000
穴盘规格	109.8	33.8	0.000	479.2	10.3	0.001	40.3	11.1	0.001
Specification of hole tray
苗龄×穴盘规格	19.9	6.1	0.003	227.5	4.8	0.008	0.3	0.096	0.982
Seedling age× Specification of hole tray

苗龄 Seedling age/d	穴盘规格 Specification of hole tray	散坨质量≤10%的株数 Seedling number with mass of scattered lump less than 10%	散坨质量10%~20%的株数 Seedling number with mass of scattered lump between 10% and 20%	散坨质量≥20%的株数 Seedling number with mass of scattered lump more than 20%	散坨率 Scattered lump rate/%
20	A1	21.9 c	12.5 b	15.6 b	31.2 c
	A2	18.5 cd	14.3 ab	17.2 ab	34.4 ab
	A3	16.0 d	15.6 a	18.4 a	36.8 a
30	A1	41.5 ab	5.7 c	2.8 e	5.6 e
	A2	39.8 b	5.9 c	4.3 cde	8.6 cd
	A3	40.7 ab	4.1 cd	5.2 c	10.4 c
40	A1	44.8 a	2.2 d	3.0 de	6.0 de
	A2	41.2 ab	4.3 cd	4.5 cd	9.0 cd
	A3	41.0 ab	4.0 cd	5.0 c	10.0 c

苗龄 Seedling age/d	穴盘规格 Specification of hole tray	漏栽数/株 Number of missed hill	漏栽率 Missed hill rate/%	倒伏数/株 Number of laid seedlings	倒伏率 Laid seedling rate/%	露苗数/株 Number of exposed seedlings	露苗率 Exposed seedlings rate/%	伤苗数/株 Number of wounded seedlings	伤苗率 Wounded seedlings rate/%	埋苗数/株 Number of covered seedlings	埋苗率 Covered seedlings rate/%	合格率 Qualified rate/%
20	A1	11	6.11	11	6.11	10	5.56	9	5.00	3	1.67	75.56
	A2	15	8.33	15	8.33	15	8.33	7	3.89	5	2.78	68.33
	A3	19	10.56	13	7.22	17	9.44	8	4.44	9	5.00	63.33
30	A1	3	1.67	2	1.11	3	1.67	1	0.56	2	1.11	93.89
	A2	4	2.22	3	1.67	5	2.78	3	1.67	3	1.67	90.00
	A3	8	4.44	10	5.56	5	2.78	6	3.33	3	1.67	82.22
40	A1	12	6.67	15	8.33	6	3.33	22	12.22	2	1.11	68.33
	A2	4	2.22	3	1.67	7	3.89	3	1.67	5	2.78	87.78
	A3	7	3.89	5	2.78	9	5.00	12	6.67	2	1.11	80.56

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