农民专业合作社规范化评价——来自四川省果蔬类合作社的实证

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.18

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1117-1127.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.18

农民专业合作社规范化评价——来自四川省果蔬类合作社的实证

陈吉平(), 刘国强, 刘宇荧, 傅新红^*()

四川农业大学管理学院,四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2020-08-27 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 傅新红
作者简介:*傅新红,E-mail: 10248@sicau.edu.cn
陈吉平(1995—),男,重庆开州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业经济理论与政策。E-mail: 1291838220@qq.com
基金资助:
中央农办、农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题(RKX2019005A);四川省社科规划重点项目(SC19A009)

Evaluation on standardization of farmers’ professional cooperatives: evidence from fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Sichuan

CHEN Jiping(), LIU Guoqiang, LIU Yuying, FU Xinhong^*()

College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2020-08-27 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25
Contact: FU Xinhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

考查农民专业合作社(以下简称合作社)的规范化水平,对深化合作社质量提升行动具有积极意义。以四川省的99家果蔬类合作社为例,从组织结构、生产经营服务、管理制度、财务管理和分配制度共5个维度构建合作社规范化评价理论指标体系,采用层次分析法对合作社的规范化水平进行评价。结果表明,样本合作社的规范化水平普遍不高,超过一半的合作社规范化评价综合得分都处于全部样本的平均值之下。具体维度上,组织结构、财务管理、管理制度、生产经营服务、分配制度规范化的得分依次降低。分组类比发现,成立时间较早、社员规模较大、理事长为非村干部和年营业额较高的合作社规范化评价综合得分相对较高。

关键词: 合作社, 层次分析法, 异化, 空壳社

Abstract:

It is of great significance to investigate the standardization level of farmers’ professional cooperatives (cooperatives for short) to improve the development quality of cooperatives. Based on this, 99 fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Sichuan were selected as examples in the present study. The theoretical index system for evaluation on standardization of cooperatives was constructed from five dimensions of organizational structure, production and operation services, management system, financial management and distribution system, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was introduced to comprehensively evaluate the standardization level of cooperatives. The results showed that the standardization level of the sample cooperatives was generally low, and more than half of the sample cooperatives got a score below the average. In different dimensions, the score of standardization of organizational structure, management system, financial management, production and operation services and distribution system decreased in sequence. Through group analogy, it was found that the cooperatives established earlier, with larger membership, non-village cadres as the chairman and higher annual turnover exhibited relatively higher score of the comprehensive evaluation on standardization level.

Key words: cooperatives, analytic hierarchy process, alienation, shell cooperatives

中图分类号:

S-9
F306.4

陈吉平, 刘国强, 刘宇荧, 傅新红. 农民专业合作社规范化评价——来自四川省果蔬类合作社的实证[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(6): 1117-1127.

CHEN Jiping, LIU Guoqiang, LIU Yuying, FU Xinhong. Evaluation on standardization of farmers’ professional cooperatives: evidence from fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Sichuan[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(6): 1117-1127.

图/表 3

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目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criterion layer	指标层 Index layer	变量定义说明 Variable description
A.合作社规范化评水平 Standardization level of	B1. 组织结构规范化 Standardization of organizational	B11. “三证”是否齐全 Whether to have “Three certificates”(0.033 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
cooperatives	structure(0.259 7)	B12. “三会”是否完整 Whether to have “Three meetings”(0.047 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B13. 有无固定的办公场所 Whether to have office(0.037 6)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B14. 章程的完善程度 Perfection of charter(0.141 3)	李克特五量表 Likert scale
	B2. 生产经营服务规范化 Standardization of production and operation service(0.063 6)	B21. 是否统一购买农资 Whether to purchase agricultural materials centrally(0.008 0)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B22. 是否统一生产标准 Whether to have unified production standard(0.011 3)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B23. 每年技术培训的次数 Technical training times per year(0.019 5)	每年的次数 Times per year
		B24. 是否统一收购农产品 Whether to have centralized acquisition of agricultural products(0.024 8)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	B3. 管理制度规范化 Standardization of management	B31. 是否入社自愿、退社自由 Whether to have freedom to join and quit(0.027 6)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	system(0.181 9)	B32. 每年召开成员(代表)大会的次数 Number of general meetings held per year(0.029 3)	每年的次数 Times per year
		B33. 成员(代表)大会的表决方式是否为一人一票 Whether to have one vote in general meetings for one person(0.061 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B34. 理(监)事会的表决方式是否为一人一票 Whether to have one vote in director (supervisor) board for one person(0.063 6)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	B4. 财务管理规范化 Standardization of financial	B41. 是否设立成员账户 Whether to have member account(0.046 0)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	management(0.338 6)	B42. 是否定期公开财务状况 Whether to disclose financial status(0.088 0)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B43. 是否具有专门的财会人员 Whether to have financial staff(0.077 3)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B44. 成员和非成员的交易是否分别核算 Whether to have separate accountings for members and non-members(0.127 3)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	B5. 分配制度规范化 Standardization of distribution	B51. 是否进行盈余分配 Whether to have surplus distribution(0.021 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	system(0.156 2)	B52. 是否提取公积金 Whether to have accumulation fund(0.016 1)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B53. 盈余分配中按交易量分配的比例 Proportion based on transaction volume during surplus distribution(0.050 6)	所占百分比 Proportion
		B54. 财政扶持资金是否平均量化 Whether financial support fund was averagely quantified(0.068 1)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No

目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criterion layer	指标层 Index layer	变量定义说明 Variable description
A.合作社规范化评水平 Standardization level of	B1. 组织结构规范化 Standardization of organizational	B11. “三证”是否齐全 Whether to have “Three certificates”(0.033 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
cooperatives	structure(0.259 7)	B12. “三会”是否完整 Whether to have “Three meetings”(0.047 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B13. 有无固定的办公场所 Whether to have office(0.037 6)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B14. 章程的完善程度 Perfection of charter(0.141 3)	李克特五量表 Likert scale
	B2. 生产经营服务规范化 Standardization of production and operation service(0.063 6)	B21. 是否统一购买农资 Whether to purchase agricultural materials centrally(0.008 0)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B22. 是否统一生产标准 Whether to have unified production standard(0.011 3)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B23. 每年技术培训的次数 Technical training times per year(0.019 5)	每年的次数 Times per year
		B24. 是否统一收购农产品 Whether to have centralized acquisition of agricultural products(0.024 8)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	B3. 管理制度规范化 Standardization of management	B31. 是否入社自愿、退社自由 Whether to have freedom to join and quit(0.027 6)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	system(0.181 9)	B32. 每年召开成员(代表)大会的次数 Number of general meetings held per year(0.029 3)	每年的次数 Times per year
		B33. 成员(代表)大会的表决方式是否为一人一票 Whether to have one vote in general meetings for one person(0.061 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B34. 理(监)事会的表决方式是否为一人一票 Whether to have one vote in director (supervisor) board for one person(0.063 6)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	B4. 财务管理规范化 Standardization of financial	B41. 是否设立成员账户 Whether to have member account(0.046 0)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	management(0.338 6)	B42. 是否定期公开财务状况 Whether to disclose financial status(0.088 0)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B43. 是否具有专门的财会人员 Whether to have financial staff(0.077 3)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B44. 成员和非成员的交易是否分别核算 Whether to have separate accountings for members and non-members(0.127 3)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	B5. 分配制度规范化 Standardization of distribution	B51. 是否进行盈余分配 Whether to have surplus distribution(0.021 4)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
	system(0.156 2)	B52. 是否提取公积金 Whether to have accumulation fund(0.016 1)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No
		B53. 盈余分配中按交易量分配的比例 Proportion based on transaction volume during surplus distribution(0.050 6)	所占百分比 Proportion
		B54. 财政扶持资金是否平均量化 Whether financial support fund was averagely quantified(0.068 1)	1,是;0,否 1, Yes; 0, No

经济区 Economic zone	行政区 Administrative division	有效样本数 Number of effective samples	占比 Proportion/%
川南经济区 South Sichuan	内江市资中县、东兴区 Zizhong County, Dongxing District of Neijiang City	9	9.09
Economic Zone	泸州市泸县、合江县Lu County, Hejiang County of Luzhou City	12	12.12
川东北经济区 Northeast Sichuan	南充市顺庆区、高坪区 Shunqing Distrcit, Gaoping District of Nanchong City	11	11.11
Economic Zone	广安市岳池县、武胜县Yuechi County, Wusheng County of Guang’an City	12	12.12
	广元市利州区、昭化区、苍溪县 Lizhou Distrcit, Zhaohua Distrcit, Cangxi County of Guangyuan City	15	15.15
成都平原经济区 Chengdu Plain	成都市郫都区、彭州市、金堂县 Pidu District, Pengzhou City, Jintang County of Chengdu City	20	20.20
Economic Zone	德阳市旌阳区、中江县Jingyang Distrcit, Zhongjiang County of Deyang City	9	9.09
	眉山市东坡区、仁寿县Dongpo District, Renshou County of Meishan City	11	11.11

经济区 Economic zone	行政区 Administrative division	有效样本数 Number of effective samples	占比 Proportion/%
川南经济区 South Sichuan	内江市资中县、东兴区 Zizhong County, Dongxing District of Neijiang City	9	9.09
Economic Zone	泸州市泸县、合江县Lu County, Hejiang County of Luzhou City	12	12.12
川东北经济区 Northeast Sichuan	南充市顺庆区、高坪区 Shunqing Distrcit, Gaoping District of Nanchong City	11	11.11
Economic Zone	广安市岳池县、武胜县Yuechi County, Wusheng County of Guang’an City	12	12.12
	广元市利州区、昭化区、苍溪县 Lizhou Distrcit, Zhaohua Distrcit, Cangxi County of Guangyuan City	15	15.15
成都平原经济区 Chengdu Plain	成都市郫都区、彭州市、金堂县 Pidu District, Pengzhou City, Jintang County of Chengdu City	20	20.20
Economic Zone	德阳市旌阳区、中江县Jingyang Distrcit, Zhongjiang County of Deyang City	9	9.09
	眉山市东坡区、仁寿县Dongpo District, Renshou County of Meishan City	11	11.11

样本 Sample		组织结构规范化 Standardization of organizational structure	生产经营服务规范化 Standardization of production and operation service	管理制度规范化 Standardization of management system	财务制度规范化 Standardization of financial management	分配制度规范化 Standardization of distribution system	综合得分 Total score
成立时间 Established time	6 a以下 Under 6 years (n=38)	0.870 9	0.588 6	0.674 4	0.682 6	0.212 5	0.633 8
	6 a及以上 6 years and above(n=61)	0.900 3	0.625 4	0.708 5	0.708 5	0.323 2	0.685 3
社员规模 Scale	200人以下 Below 200(n=66)	0.892 0	0.579 2	0.701 4	0.701 9	0.255 6	0.655 5
	200人及以上 200 and above (n=33)	0.885 3	0.685 1	0.685 6	0.725 6	0.346 6	0.689 6
理事长身份 Identity	村干部 Village cadres (n=36)	0.906 1	0.612 2	0.683 3	0.698 2	0.248 1	0.652 4
	非村干部 Non-village cadres(n=63)	0.880 3	0.612 5	0.704 3	0.716 0	0.305 6	0.674 4
年营业额 Annual turnover	700万以下 Below 7 million (n=72)	0.883 8	0.607 8	0.715 7	0.682 0	0.254 5	0.652 5
	700万及以上 7 million and above(n=27)	0.909 0	0.626 7	0.636 5	0.794 6	0.376 5	0.708 8
总样本 Total(n=99)		0.889 9	0.614 2	0.696 5	0.709 3	0.284 1	0.666 2

农民专业合作社规范化评价——来自四川省果蔬类合作社的实证

Evaluation on standardization of farmers’ professional cooperatives: evidence from fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Sichuan

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