弹齿链耙式残膜回收机链耙装置的设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221168

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2465-2476.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221168

弹齿链耙式残膜回收机链耙装置的设计与试验

王海基¹^,²(), 王敏¹^,^*(), 卢勇涛¹, 营雨琨¹, 王吉亮¹, 薛理¹, 秦朝民¹, 何玉泽¹

1.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子 832000
2.石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2022-08-11 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-31
作者简介:王海基(1996—),男,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,研究方向为机械设计。E-mail:1282451509@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*王敏,E-mail:275596114@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2019CB020)

Design and test of spring teeth chain rake type residual film reclaimer

WANG Haiji¹^,²(), WANG Min¹^,^*(), LU Yongtao¹, YING Yukun¹, WANG Jiliang¹, XUE Li¹, QIN Chaomin¹, HE Yuze¹

1. Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-08-11 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入研究弹齿链耙式残膜回收机链耙装置作业过程中不同工作参数对机具运行和作业质量的影响,利用EDEM 2019.1软件建立弹齿与土壤相互作用的三维离散元模型,模拟弹齿收膜过程中所受作用力的变化情况,验证此工况下作业的可靠性,发现其不会因塑性变形而失效,弹齿能够顺利作业。用Python 3软件绘制不同速比下的弹齿尖运动轨迹,发现运动轨迹为摆线。采用三因素三水平Box-Behnken试验设计方法,建立链耙角速度、机具行驶速度、弹齿入土深度与残膜捡拾率和含杂率之间的数学模型,寻求残膜回收机的最优作业参数组合,并进行田间验证试验。结果表明,优化的作业参数为链耙角速度14.73 rad·s^-1,机具行驶速度9.7 km·h^-1,弹齿入土深度74.75 mm。在此条件下开展田间验证试验,残膜捡拾率为92.8%,含杂率为63.6%,可满足残膜回收机的作业要求。

关键词: 残膜回收, 链耙装置, 响应面法

Abstract:

To reveal the influence of working parameters on the operation and performance of the spring teeth chain rake type residual film reclaimer, the three-dimensional discrete element model of the interaction between the spring teeth and the soil was established by EDEM 2019.1 software, and the changes of the forces during the working of the spring teeth was simulated. The reliability of the spring teeth during operation under the working conditions was verified. The spring teeth would not fail due to plastic deformation and could work smoothly. The trajectory of the spring teeth tip was ploted under different speed ratios via the software of Python 3, and the motion trajectory was obtained as cycloid. Based on the Box-Behnken experiment design method, mathematical models were established within the angular velocity of chain rake, the machine advance speed, the embedded depth of spring teeth, the recovery rate of residual film and the impurity rate, the operation parameters were optimized, and a field test was carried out. It was shown that the optimized operation parameters were as follows: the angular velocity of chain was 14.73 rad·s^-1, the machine advance speed was 9.7 km·h^-1, and the embedded depth of spring teeth was 74.7 mm. Under this working condition, the average recovery rate of residual film was 92.8%, and the impurity rate was 63.6% in the field test, which could meet the requirement of residual film reclaimer.

Key words: residual film recovery, chain rake device, response surface method

中图分类号:

S223.5

王海基, 王敏, 卢勇涛, 营雨琨, 王吉亮, 薛理, 秦朝民, 何玉泽. 弹齿链耙式残膜回收机链耙装置的设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(10): 2465-2476.

WANG Haiji, WANG Min, LU Yongtao, YING Yukun, WANG Jiliang, XUE Li, QIN Chaomin, HE Yuze. Design and test of spring teeth chain rake type residual film reclaimer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(10): 2465-2476.

图/表 17

图1 棉田覆膜示意图 1,棉花植株;2,膜面;3,膜边;a1,膜边宽度,mm;a2,膜面宽度,mm;S1,宽行行距,mm;S2,窄行行距,mm。

Fig.1 Special drawing of film mulching in cotton field 1, Cotton plant; 2, Membrane surface; 3, Membrane edge; a1, Width of the membrane edge, mm; a2, Width of membrane surface, mm; S1,Wide line spacing, mm; S2, Narrow line spacing, mm.

表1 力学性能测试结果

Table 1 Test results of mechanical properties

t/d	拉伸载荷 Tensile load/N	拉伸断裂标称应变 Nominal tensile strain at break/%
60	2.25±0.60	392±37
120	1.92±0.54	328±15

图2 整机结构 1,牵引架;2,主机架;3,打包前门;4,打包开关油缸;5,主打包系统;6,链耙架;7,弹齿;8,收膜链耙限深调节装置。

Fig.2 Structure of whole machine 1, Traction frame; 2, Main frame; 3, Packing front door; 4, Packing switch cylinder; 5, Main packing system; 6, Chain rake frame; 7, Spring teeth; 8, Wrap-up chain rake depth limit adjustment device.

表2 主要技术参数

Table 2 Main technical parameters

项目Item	参数Parameter
整机尺寸	6 440×2 600×2 800
Overall machine size/(mm×mm×mm)
作业幅宽Working width/mm	2 200
配备动力Equipped power/kW	≥88.3
生产率Productivity/(hm²·h^-1)	≥1.34
卸膜方式Film removal method	自动Automatic
运输间隙Transport gap/mm	280
残膜捡拾率Residual film recovery rate/%	≥87
含杂率Impurity rate/%	≤70

图3 弹齿装配图 1,弹齿;2,弹齿轴;3,带座轴承。

Fig.3 Drawing of spring teeth assembly 1, Spring tooth; 2, Elastic tooth shaft; 3, Mounted bearings.

图4 弹齿排布图(左)与弹齿作业划痕(右)

Fig.4 Diagram of spring teeth layout (left) and spring tooth work scratches (right)

图5 弹齿运动轨迹(A点到B点)

Fig.5 Trajectory of spring teeth (from point A to point B)

图6 残膜受力分析图

Fig.6 Force analysis of residual film

图7 弹齿尖运动轨迹

Fig.7 Trajectory of spring teeth tip a,λ<1;b,λ=1;c,λ>1。

图8 弹齿尖的绝对运动轨迹 1,弹齿尖运动轨迹;2,残膜面;h,弹齿入土深度,mm;L0,起膜有效距离,mm。

Fig.8 Absolute motion trajectory of spring teeth 1, Motion trajectory of spring teeth tip; 2, Residual film surface; h, Depth of spring teeth into soil, mm; L0, Effective distance of filming, mm.

图9 不同行驶速度下的弹齿划痕 a、b、c图对应的行驶速度分别为6.49、7.78、11.2 km·h-1。

Fig.9 Scratch of spring teeth under different velocity Velocity in a, b, c is 6.49, 7.78, 11.2 km·h-1, respectively.

图10 相邻两排弹齿的运动轨迹

Fig.10 Trajectory of two adjacent rows of spring teeth

图11 土壤颗粒模型 a,块状;b,核状;c,柱状。

Fig.11 Soil particle model a, Block; b, Nucleated; c, Columnar.

图12 弹齿受力变化

Fig.12 Changes of force of spring teeth

表3 试验设计与结果

Table 3 Test design and results

序号No.	X₁	X₂	X₃	J/%	Z/%
1	1	-1	0	94.34	66.28
2	1	1	0	87.56	56.36
3	0	1	-1	86.03	62.29
4	0	1	1	87.41	53.25
5	0	0	0	91.36	65.48
6	0	-1	-1	88.51	57.62
7	-1	0	-1	88.48	53.28
8	-1	1	0	84.62	51.32
9	0	0	0	93.95	61.74
10	0	0	0	94.62	66.26
11	0	0	0	90.85	59.57
12	-1	-1	0	87.23	54.22
13	-1	0	1	88.45	45.64
14	1	0	1	93.85	62.61
15	0	0	0	95.16	62.73
16	1	0	-1	86.29	72.81
17	0	-1	1	90.83	56.45

图13 各因素交互的响应曲面图 X1,链耙角速度;X2,机具行驶速度;X3,弹齿入土深度;J,残膜捡拾率;Z,含杂率。

Fig.13 Response surface plot of the interactions of factors X1, Angular velocity of chain rake; X2, Machine advance speed; X3, Embedded depth of spring teeth; J, Recovery rate of residual film; Z, Impuriry rate.

图14 试验现场照片

Fig.14 Photo of test site

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弹齿链耙式残膜回收机链耙装置的设计与试验

Design and test of spring teeth chain rake type residual film reclaimer

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