宽体金线蛭水肿病病原的分离鉴定与病理学研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221774

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 2844-2853.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221774

宽体金线蛭水肿病病原的分离鉴定与病理学研究

唐毅¹(), 杨清麟¹, 王伟², 袁渊², 丁诗华¹, 孙翰昌³^,^*(), 吕浩⁴

1.西南大学水产学院,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆 400715
2.重庆多普泰制药股份有限公司,重庆 400800
3.重庆文理学院园林与生命科学学院,生态渔业产业化技术创新中心,重庆 402160
4.重庆市合川区水产技术推广站,重庆 401520

收稿日期:2022-12-13 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-27
作者简介:唐毅(1963—),男,四川安岳人,硕士,高级实验师,主要从事水产动物养殖及其病害防治研究。E-mail: tangyi00098@aliyun.com
通讯作者: *孙翰昌,E-mail:sunhanchang199@163.com
基金资助:
重庆市技术创新与应用发展项目(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0319)

Isolation, identification and histopathological study on oedema pathogen from cultured leech (Whitmania pigra)

TANG Yi¹(), YANG Qinglin¹, WANG Wei², YUAN Yuan², DING Shihua¹, SUN Hanchang³^,^*(), LYU Hao⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2. Chongqing Duoputai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400800, China
3. Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Fishery Industrialization, College of Landscape and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Science, Chongqing 402160, China
4. Chongqing Hechuan District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Chongqing 401520, China

Received:2022-12-13 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2023-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确引起宽体金线蛭(Whitmania pigra)水肿病爆发的原因,并为鱼药研究提供新思路,从患病水蛭的体腔液分离得到优势株CQ1808,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性测定和16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定CQ1808菌株,采用K-B纸片扩散法对该菌进行药物敏感性试验,通过人工感染和病理组织切片观察病蛭组织的病理学变化。结果表明,CQ1808菌株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌。通过BLAST检索,发现该菌株与弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)的16S rDNA序列自然聚类。系统发育树表明, CQ1808菌株为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对氨曲南、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮等21种药物高度敏感,对头孢他啶、头孢唑啉、卡那霉素等7种药物中度敏感,对青霉素、头孢呋辛、麦迪霉素等9种药物表现耐药。人工感染结果显示,CQ1808菌株可使水蛭出现与自然病蛭相似症状。组织病理学研究表明,病蛭组织结构整体异常,消化系统尤其是嗉囊受损严重。研究结果证明,引起宽体金线蛭水肿病的病原为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌。

关键词: 宽体金线蛭, 水肿病, 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌, 致病性

Abstract:

To identify the cause of the Whitmania pigra oedema bacteria disease outbreak and to provide new ideas for fishery medicine research, in the present study, the pathogenic bacterial strain (named CQ1808) was isolated from the body cavity fluid of the diseased leeches and bacterial examination, histopathology and antimicrobial drugs test were performed. The results demonstrated that CQ1808 strain was a Gram-negative short bacillus, and was naturally clustered with the 16S rDNA sequence of Citrobacter freundii by the BLAST search. The phylogenetic tree suggested that the strain was Citrobacter freundii. The antidrug profiles of the isolate showed that CQ1808 strain was highly sensitive to 21 antibiotics including aztreonam, ceftriaxone and cefoperazone; intermediately susceptible to 7 antibiotics including ceftazidime, cefazolin and kanamycin; resistant to 9 antibiotics including penicillin, cefuroxime and midecamycin. The symptoms of W. pigra artificially infected with CQ1808 strain were similar to naturally infected leeches. Histopathological analysis showed that the overall organizational structure of the naturally diseased leeches was abnormal and the most distinct pathological changes occurred in the crop. This study indicated that C. freundii was the causative agent of oedema in farmed leeches.

Key words: Whitmania pigra, oedema, Citrobacter freundii, pathogenicity

中图分类号:

S917.1

唐毅, 杨清麟, 王伟, 袁渊, 丁诗华, 孙翰昌, 吕浩. 宽体金线蛭水肿病病原的分离鉴定与病理学研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(12): 2844-2853.

TANG Yi, YANG Qinglin, WANG Wei, YUAN Yuan, DING Shihua, SUN Hanchang, LYU Hao. Isolation, identification and histopathological study on oedema pathogen from cultured leech (Whitmania pigra)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(12): 2844-2853.

图/表 8

图1 患病宽体金线蛭的临床症状 A和B分别为健康宽体金线蛭的外观和体腔;C和D分别为外观水肿(*)、吸盘和腹部的局部红肿(箭头);E为外溢的棕褐色体腔液(箭头)和嗉囊充血(*)。

Fig.1 Clinical symptoms of diseased Whitmania pigra A and B, Surface and body cavity of healthy Whitmania pigra; C and D, Appearance of edema (*), local hyperemia in the suction cup and ventral surface (black arrow); E, Overflowed brown body cavity fluid (arrow), congestion of in the crop (*).

图2 CQ1808菌株的菌落形态与革兰氏染色结果

Fig.2 Colony morphology and Gram staining result of CQ1808 strain

表1 CQ1808菌株的生理生化特性

Table 1 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of CQ1808 strain

测定项目Test item	CQ1808	LMG 3246*	测定项目Test item	CQ1808	LMG 3246*
D-山梨醇D-Sorbitol	+	+	赖氨酸脱羧酶Lysine decarboxylase	-	-
鼠李糖Rhamnose	+	+	硝酸盐还原Nitrate reduction	+	+
甲基红试验Methyl red test	+	+	七叶苷Esculoside	-	-
吲哚Indole	-	-	蔗糖Sucrose	+	(-)
葡萄糖产酸Glucose acid	+	+	明胶液化Gelatin	-	-
葡萄糖产气Glucose gas	+	+	H₂S	+	+
氰化钾生长KCN growth	-	-	V.P.试验Voges-proskauer test	-	-
甘露糖Mannose	+	+	O-F试验O-F test	F	F
枸橼酸盐Citrate	+	+	肌醇Inositol	-	-
阿拉伯糖Arabinoso	+	+	麦芽糖Maltose	+	+
侧金盏花醇Adonitol	-	-	尿素Urea	-	-
木糖Xylose	+	+	果糖Fructose	+	+
水杨酸Salicylic acid	-	-	糊精Dextrin	-	-
氧化酶Oxidase	-	-	葡萄糖磷酸盐Glucose phosphate	-	-
精氨酸脱羧酶Arginine decarboxylase	+	+	半乳糖Galactose	+	+
苯丙氨酸脱羧酶Phenylalanine deaminase	-		D-纤维二糖D-Cellobiose	-	-
鸟氨酸脱羧酶Ornithine decarboxylase	-	-	水杨苷Salicin	+	+

图3 CQ1808菌株基于16S rDNA基因序列的系统发育树使用邻接法和Kimura 2参数模型。Bootstrap值表示1 000次检验置信度的百分比。

Fig.3 The phylogenetic tree of CQ1808 strain based on 16S rDNA sequence Using the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura 2-parameter model. Bootstrap values expressed as a percentage of 1 000 replicates.

表2 CQ1808菌株的37种抗生素药物敏感性

Table 2 The antibiotics susceptibility of CQ1808 strain against 37 antimicrobial agents

药物 Drug	抑菌圈直径判定标准 The judgment standard of inhibition zone diameter/mm			药物含量 Drug content/ (μg·disc^-1)	抑菌圈直径 Inhibition zone diameter/mm	药物敏感性 Drug sensitivity
药物 Drug	R	I	S	药物含量 Drug content/ (μg·disc^-1)	抑菌圈直径 Inhibition zone diameter/mm	药物敏感性 Drug sensitivity
青霉素Penicillin	≤19	>19~<28	≥28	10	0	R
氨苄西林Ampicillin	≤13	>13~<17	≥17	10	0	R
氨曲南Aztreonam	≤15	>15~<22	≥22	30	38.5	S
头孢曲松Ceftriaxone	≤13	>13~<21	≥21	30	29.3	S
头孢他啶Ceftazidime	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	17.4	I
头孢哌酮Cefoperazone	≤15	>15~<21	≥21	75	32.5	S
头孢噻肟Cefotaxime	≤14	>15~<23	≥23	30	35.5	S
头孢呋辛Cefuroxime	≤13	>13~<19	≥19	30	0	R
头孢拉定Cefradine	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	20.7	S
头孢唑啉Cefazolin	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	16.7	I
头孢克洛Cefaclor	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	28.9	S
头孢氨苄Cephalexin	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	22.3	S
卡那霉素Kanamycin	≤13	>13~<18	≥18	30	13.5	I
丁胺卡那霉Amikacin	≤14	>14~<17	≥17	30	15.2	I
庆大霉素Gentamycin	≤12	>12~<15	≥15	10	15.0	S
新霉素Neomycin	≤12	>12~<17	≥17	30	13.5	I
链霉素Streptomycin	≤11	>11~<15	≥15	10	22.2	S
大观霉Spectinomycin	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	100	15.8	I
罗红霉素Erythmmycin	≤13	>13~<23	≥23	15	0	R
麦迪霉素Midecamycin	≤13	>13~<18	≥18	30	0	R
克林霉素Clindamycin	≤14	>14~<21	≥21	2	0	R
氯霉素Chloramphenicol	≤12	>12~<18	≥18	30	22.5	S
氟苯尼考Florfenicol	≤12	>12~<18	≥18	30	21.7	S
四环素Tetracycline	≤14	>14~<19	≥19	30	20.0	S
米诺环素Minocycline	≤14	>14~<19	≥19	30	31.9	S
多西环素Doxycycline	≤10	>10~<14	≥14	30	25.8	S
多西环素Deoxycycline	≤12	>12~<16	≥16	30	21.5	S
复方新诺明Sulfamethoxazole	≤10	>10~<16	≥16	20	31.2	S
磺胺异恶唑Sulfafurazole	≤12	>12~<17	≥17	300	30.3	S
氧氟沙星Ofloxacin	≤12	>12~<16	≥16	5	22.3	S
左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin	≤13	>13~<17	≥17	5	15.3	I
诺氟沙星Norfloxacin	≤12	>12~<17	≥17	10	11.2	R
环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	≤15	>15~<21	≥21	5	14.2	R
恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin	≤14	>15~<18	≥18	10	18.7	S
呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin	≤14	>15~<17	≥17	300	23.5	S
呋喃唑酮Furazolidone	≤14	>15~<17	≥17	100	19.7	S
利福平Rifampicin	≤16	>15~<20	≥20	5	0	R

表2 CQ1808菌株的37种抗生素药物敏感性

Table 2 The antibiotics susceptibility of CQ1808 strain against 37 antimicrobial agents

药物 Drug	抑菌圈直径判定标准 The judgment standard of inhibition zone diameter/mm			药物含量 Drug content/ (μg·disc^-1)	抑菌圈直径 Inhibition zone diameter/mm	药物敏感性 Drug sensitivity
药物 Drug	R	I	S	药物含量 Drug content/ (μg·disc^-1)	抑菌圈直径 Inhibition zone diameter/mm	药物敏感性 Drug sensitivity
青霉素Penicillin	≤19	>19~<28	≥28	10	0	R
氨苄西林Ampicillin	≤13	>13~<17	≥17	10	0	R
氨曲南Aztreonam	≤15	>15~<22	≥22	30	38.5	S
头孢曲松Ceftriaxone	≤13	>13~<21	≥21	30	29.3	S
头孢他啶Ceftazidime	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	17.4	I
头孢哌酮Cefoperazone	≤15	>15~<21	≥21	75	32.5	S
头孢噻肟Cefotaxime	≤14	>15~<23	≥23	30	35.5	S
头孢呋辛Cefuroxime	≤13	>13~<19	≥19	30	0	R
头孢拉定Cefradine	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	20.7	S
头孢唑啉Cefazolin	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	16.7	I
头孢克洛Cefaclor	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	28.9	S
头孢氨苄Cephalexin	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	30	22.3	S
卡那霉素Kanamycin	≤13	>13~<18	≥18	30	13.5	I
丁胺卡那霉Amikacin	≤14	>14~<17	≥17	30	15.2	I
庆大霉素Gentamycin	≤12	>12~<15	≥15	10	15.0	S
新霉素Neomycin	≤12	>12~<17	≥17	30	13.5	I
链霉素Streptomycin	≤11	>11~<15	≥15	10	22.2	S
大观霉Spectinomycin	≤14	>14~<18	≥18	100	15.8	I
罗红霉素Erythmmycin	≤13	>13~<23	≥23	15	0	R
麦迪霉素Midecamycin	≤13	>13~<18	≥18	30	0	R
克林霉素Clindamycin	≤14	>14~<21	≥21	2	0	R
氯霉素Chloramphenicol	≤12	>12~<18	≥18	30	22.5	S
氟苯尼考Florfenicol	≤12	>12~<18	≥18	30	21.7	S
四环素Tetracycline	≤14	>14~<19	≥19	30	20.0	S
米诺环素Minocycline	≤14	>14~<19	≥19	30	31.9	S
多西环素Doxycycline	≤10	>10~<14	≥14	30	25.8	S
多西环素Deoxycycline	≤12	>12~<16	≥16	30	21.5	S
复方新诺明Sulfamethoxazole	≤10	>10~<16	≥16	20	31.2	S
磺胺异恶唑Sulfafurazole	≤12	>12~<17	≥17	300	30.3	S
氧氟沙星Ofloxacin	≤12	>12~<16	≥16	5	22.3	S
左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin	≤13	>13~<17	≥17	5	15.3	I
诺氟沙星Norfloxacin	≤12	>12~<17	≥17	10	11.2	R
环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	≤15	>15~<21	≥21	5	14.2	R
恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin	≤14	>15~<18	≥18	10	18.7	S
呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin	≤14	>15~<17	≥17	300	23.5	S
呋喃唑酮Furazolidone	≤14	>15~<17	≥17	100	19.7	S
利福平Rifampicin	≤16	>15~<20	≥20	5	0	R

图4 宽体金线蛭人工感染CQ1808菌株后的患病症状 A,外观红肿;B,体腔液外溢、消化道和体腔壁充血。

Fig.4 Symptoms of leeches infected with CQ1808 strain A, Appearance of edema; B, Spillage of fluid from the body cavity, congestion of the digestive tract and body cavity wall.

图5 宽体金线蛭人工感染不同浓度CQ1808菌株后的Kaplan-Meier存活曲线 4个试验组(S5、S6、S7和S8)肌内注射的浓度分别为1.0×105、1.0×106、1.0×107、1.0×108 CFU·mL-1。

Fig.5 Kaplan-Meier plots for survival rate of leeches infected with different doses of CQ1808 stain Four experiment groups (S5, S6, S7 and S8) were intramuscularly injected with the isolate at the dose of 1.0×105, 1.0×106, 1.0×107 and 1.0×108 CFU·mL-1, respectively.

图6 宽体金线蛭感染CQ1808菌株前后的病理变化图谱 A-C和D-F分别为健康宽体金线蛭和患病宽体金线蛭的嗉囊、嗉囊内壁褶皱和体腔壁局部纵肌。D,消化系统整体结构异常,病理变化最显著的为嗉囊(箭头);E,嗉囊内壁单层柱状上皮和肌层形成的褶皱(*),且上皮细胞和外肌层坏死脱落形成碎片并出现增生(箭头);F,病蛭体腔壁局部纵肌周围可见大量短杆菌(白色箭头)和炎性细胞浸润(黑色箭头)。

Fig.6 Pathological changes in Whitmania pigra before and after infection with CQ1808 strain A-C and D-F were the crop, inner crop wall folds and local longitudinal muscles in the body cavity wall of healthy and diseased leeches, respectively. D, Abnormal structure of the overall digestive system, the most distinct pathological changes in the crops (arrow); E, Folds in columnar epithelium and myometrium (*), fragments and proliferate in the crops (arrow); F, A large number of bacteria (white arrow) and inflammatory cell infiltration (black arrow) around localized longitudinal muscles in the body cavity wall of the diseased leeches.

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宽体金线蛭水肿病病原的分离鉴定与病理学研究

Isolation, identification and histopathological study on oedema pathogen from cultured leech (Whitmania pigra)

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