基于作物力学特性的甘蔗收割机参数优化与田间试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.23

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1187-1194.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.23

基于作物力学特性的甘蔗收割机参数优化与田间试验

刘丽敏¹(), 任萍², 陈建能³^,^*(), 张雪恒³

1.浙江经济职业技术学院汽车技术学院,浙江杭州 310018
2.余姚市农业机械化技术推广中心,浙江余姚 315402
3.浙江理工大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2022-06-09 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-01
作者简介:刘丽敏(1979—),女,浙江义乌人,硕士,副教授,主要从事农业装备和车辆工程研究。E-mail: jhllm@126.com
通讯作者: *陈建能,E-mail: jiannengchen@126.com

Parameter optimization and field experiment of sugarcane harvester based on crop mechanical properties

LIU Limin¹(), REN Ping², CHEN Jianneng³^,^*(), ZHANG Xueheng³

1. Automobile Technology School, Zhejiang Technical Institute of Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. Yuyao Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Center, Yuyao 315402, Zhejiang, China
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received:2022-06-09 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-06-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以粤糖54-474甘蔗为试验对象,针对其甘蔗皮和甘蔗芯开展力学特性测试。在这些力学特性参数的基础上建立力学仿真模型,进行甘蔗切割的有限元分析与修正,并在此模型的基础上设计正交试验,对甘蔗收割机的刀具往复速度、工作速度、刀具夹角等参数进行优化。基于正交试验得到的优化参数,研制手扶式甘蔗收割机,并开展田间试验。结果表明:甘蔗破头率为6.9%,定向铺放率为91%,损失率为1.4%,初步达到了设计要求。

关键词: 甘蔗收割, 力学特性, 仿真, 正交试验

Abstract:

In the present study, the sugarcane variety Yuetang 54-474 was selected as the test object, and the mechanical properties parameters of sugarcane crusts and cores were determined. A special mechanical model of sugarcane was established based on these mechanical parameters, and finite element analysis and modification were carried out for sugarcane cutting. Based on this established model, orthogonal test was designed to optimize the working speed, tool reciprocating speed and tool angle for sugarcane harvester. Based on the parameters obtained from the orthogonal test, the hand-held sugarcane harvester was developed. The field test results of the prototype showed that the broken-root rate of sugarcane was 6.9%, the lodging rate in the special direction was 91%, and the loss rate was 1.4%, which all met the requirement in field.

Key words: sugarcane harvest, mechanical properties, simulation, orthogonal test

中图分类号:

S225.53

刘丽敏, 任萍, 陈建能, 张雪恒. 基于作物力学特性的甘蔗收割机参数优化与田间试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1187-1194.

LIU Limin, REN Ping, CHEN Jianneng, ZHANG Xueheng. Parameter optimization and field experiment of sugarcane harvester based on crop mechanical properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(5): 1187-1194.

图/表 11

图1 拉伸力和位移变化曲线

Fig.1 Variation curves of tensile force and displacement

图2 压缩力和位移变化曲线

Fig.2 Variation curves of compression force and displacement

图3 甘蔗切割模型示意图

Fig.3 Diagram of sugarcane cutting model

表1 用于仿真建模的各项材料的力学特性参数

Table 1 Mechanical properties parameters of materials for simulation modeling

材料 Material	弹性模量 Modulus of elasticity/Pa	屈服应力 Yield stress/Pa	切线模量 Tangent modulus/Pa	应变速率 Strain rate	失效应变 Failure strain
甘蔗皮Sugarcane epidermis	5.66×10⁹	1.25×10⁸	3.94×10⁹	100	0.012
甘蔗芯Sugarcane core	9.66×10⁶	1.28×10⁶	4.46×10⁶	100	0.012
65Mn	2.11×10¹¹	4.30×10⁸	—	—	—

图4 实际切断力与仿真切断力的对比曲线

Fig.4 Comparison of real cutting force and simulated cutting force

图5 甘蔗切割过程的仿真照片 a,动刀片接触甘蔗;b,动刀片切割甘蔗;c,甘蔗被切断。

Fig.5 Photos of simulation of sugarcane cutting process a, Moving blade touching sugarcane; b, Moving blade cutting sugarcane; c, Sugarcane was cut.

图6 甘蔗切割过程中的等效应力曲线

Fig.6 Equivalent stress curve during sugarcane cutting

表2 正交试验的设计方案与结果

Table 2 Orthogonal experiment design and results

试验号 Test No.	各试验因素的水平Levels of test factors				等效应力 Equivalent stress/MPa
试验号 Test No.	v₁	v₂	θ	空列 Empty column	等效应力 Equivalent stress/MPa
1	1	1	1	1	158
2	1	2	2	2	43
3	1	3	3	3	58
4	2	1	2	3	60
5	2	2	3	1	165
6	2	3	1	2	160
7	3	1	3	2	62
8	3	2	1	3	132
9	3	3	2	1	47

图7 工作速度、刀具往复速度、刀具夹角对等效应力的影响

Fig.7 Influence of working speed, tool reciprocating speed and tool angle on equivalent stress

图8 整机装配示意图 1,推蔗盘;2,行走轮;3,变速箱;4,动力源5,配重架;6,转向扶手;7,拨禾器拨指链条;8,悬架;9,拨禾器喂入上拨轮;10,拨禾器传动主轴;11,扶禾架;12,减速器;13,往复式刀具;14,动力输入轴;15,扶禾器。

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of assembly 1, Push tray; 2, Walking wheel;3, Gearbox; 4, Drive power ; 5, Counterweight frame; 6, Steering handrail; 7, Dial finger chain; 8, Suspension; 9, Upper wheel of feeding mechanism; 10,Reel drive spindle; 11, Stacking frame; 12, Reducer; 13, Reciprocating tool; 14, Power input shaft; 15, Grain holding machine.

图9 田间试验工况

Fig.9 Field test conditions

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基于作物力学特性的甘蔗收割机参数优化与田间试验

Parameter optimization and field experiment of sugarcane harvester based on crop mechanical properties

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