杭州湾蔬菜地土壤的磷素积累特点及其淋失临界值

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230636

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 447-455.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230636

杭州湾蔬菜地土壤的磷素积累特点及其淋失临界值

李丹¹(), 楼玲², 章明奎³, 袁杭杰¹, 王京文¹^,^*()

1.杭州市农业技术推广中心(杭州市植保植检中心),浙江杭州 310020
2.杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站,浙江杭州 311113
3.浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 310058

收稿日期:2023-05-15 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-20
作者简介:*王京文,E-mail:178321449@qq.com
李丹(1985—),女,浙江绍兴人,硕士,农艺师,主要从事土肥技术研究。E-mail:381091158@qq.com
通讯作者: 王京文
基金资助:
杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目(202209SX15)

Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China

LI Dan¹(), LOU Ling², ZHANG Mingkui³, YUAN Hangjie¹, WANG Jingwen¹^,^*()

1. Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center(Hangzhou Plant Protection Plant Inspection Center), Hangzhou 310020, China
2. Agricultural Ecology and Plant Protection Service Station of Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311113, China
3. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2023-05-15 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: WANG Jingwen

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 杭州湾蔬菜地土壤具有砂粒含量高、黏粒含量少的特点,对养分的保蓄能力弱。为了解杭州湾蔬菜地土壤磷素的积累特点和流失风险,该研究共采集12个磷素积累量各异的土壤剖面分层土样和136个表层土样,鉴定剖面土壤中有效磷、微生物生物量磷和磷素形态的变化,探讨磷发生明显流失时土壤有效磷的临界值。结果表明,积累在土壤剖面中的磷主要为无机磷,并以HCl提取态无机磷为主。随着磷素的积累,土壤有效磷和微生物生物磷含量均相应增加,水提取态无机磷和NaHCO₃提取态无机磷占总磷的比例迅速提高,残留态磷的占比明显下降。样本土壤磷具有明显的垂直迁移特点。磷素的积累明显减弱了土壤对磷的吸附能力。施用有机肥可增加土壤有效磷和微生物生物量磷的含量。研究区土壤的磷素流失风险大,土壤磷发生明显淋失的临界有效磷含量约为21 mg·kg^-1,明显低于其他土壤。该研究认为砂涂蔬菜地应控制磷肥的施用量,并提出了磷肥合理施用的建议。

关键词: 砂涂土壤, 杭州湾, 磷积累, 磷形态, 淋失临界值

Abstract:

The soils of vegetable fields in the Hangzhou Bay has high sand content, low clay content and weak nutrient retention capacity. In order to understand the accumulation characteristics and phosphorus leaching risk in the soil under long-term vegetable plantation in Hangzhou Bay, China, 12 soil profiles with different phosphorus accumulation and 136 surface soil samples were collected, the changes of available phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus content and phosphorus chemical forms in the soil profiles were identified, and the critical value of soil available phosphorus in the case of obvious phosphorus loss from soil was discussed. The results showed that the phosphorus accumulated in the soil profiles was mainly inorganic phosphorus, and more specifically, HCl extractable inorganic phosphorus. With the accumulation of phosphorus, the contents of available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus in the soil increased, the proportion of water extractable inorganic phosphorus and NaHCO₃ extractable inorganic phosphorus in the total phosphorus increased rapidly, yet the proportion of residual phosphorus decreased. The phosphorus in the soil samples exhibited obvious vertical migration characteristics. The accumulation of phosphorus weakened the adsorption capacity of soil to phosphorus. Application of organic fertilizers could increase the contents of soil available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus. The risk of soil phosphorus loss in the study area was great. The critical available phosphorus content for soil phosphorus leaching was about 21 mg·kg^-1, which was lower than that of other soils. This study suggested that the application amount of phosphate fertilizer should be controlled in the sandy coastal vegetable soils, and countermeasures regarding reasonal application of phosphorus fertilizer were put forward.

Key words: sandy coastal soil, Hangzhou Bay, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus form, leaching threshold

中图分类号:

S158

李丹, 楼玲, 章明奎, 袁杭杰, 王京文. 杭州湾蔬菜地土壤的磷素积累特点及其淋失临界值[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 447-455.

LI Dan, LOU Ling, ZHANG Mingkui, YUAN Hangjie, WANG Jingwen. Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 447-455.

图/表 7

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施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的pH pH at different soil layers			不同土层的碳酸钙含量 Calcium carbonate content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)			不同土层的有机碳含量 Organic carbon content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	6.32	7.15	7.87	5.78	16.25	40.25	3.71	2.98	2.52
Chemical fertilizers	2	6.51	7.09	7.72	3.87	10.14	33.25	2.89	2.66	2.08
	3	6.22	7.22	7.63	5.14	14.32	28.56	5.98	2.97	2.32
	4	6.04	7.09	7.88	1.98	8.25	31.24	10.14	4.42	2.29
	5	6.14	7.12	7.71	3.89	10.59	30.14	9.87	3.89	2.74
	6	5.91	6.87	7.56	1.99	6.25	35.26	8.75	3.42	2.14
有机无机肥配施	7	6.43	7.14	7.79	9.24	18.54	41.25	4.24	2.14	2.32
Organic fertilizer	8	6.18	7.06	7.35	6.93	11.24	25.32	6.98	2.46	2.42
coupled with	9	6.05	7.22	7.69	2.54	20.54	33.41	8.74	3.24	2.43
inorganic fertilizers	10	6.26	7.44	7.74	4.71	27.52	38.56	12.22	4.08	2.28
	11	6.18	7.16	7.53	3.19	16.52	31.58	9.89	3.65	2.09
	12	6.09	6.68	7.66	2.48	7.87	28.65	11.58	4.25	2.54

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的pH pH at different soil layers			不同土层的碳酸钙含量 Calcium carbonate content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)			不同土层的有机碳含量 Organic carbon content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	6.32	7.15	7.87	5.78	16.25	40.25	3.71	2.98	2.52
Chemical fertilizers	2	6.51	7.09	7.72	3.87	10.14	33.25	2.89	2.66	2.08
	3	6.22	7.22	7.63	5.14	14.32	28.56	5.98	2.97	2.32
	4	6.04	7.09	7.88	1.98	8.25	31.24	10.14	4.42	2.29
	5	6.14	7.12	7.71	3.89	10.59	30.14	9.87	3.89	2.74
	6	5.91	6.87	7.56	1.99	6.25	35.26	8.75	3.42	2.14
有机无机肥配施	7	6.43	7.14	7.79	9.24	18.54	41.25	4.24	2.14	2.32
Organic fertilizer	8	6.18	7.06	7.35	6.93	11.24	25.32	6.98	2.46	2.42
coupled with	9	6.05	7.22	7.69	2.54	20.54	33.41	8.74	3.24	2.43
inorganic fertilizers	10	6.26	7.44	7.74	4.71	27.52	38.56	12.22	4.08	2.28
	11	6.18	7.16	7.53	3.19	16.52	31.58	9.89	3.65	2.09
	12	6.09	6.68	7.66	2.48	7.87	28.65	11.58	4.25	2.54

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的全磷含量 Total phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的微生物生物量磷含量 Microbial biomass phosphorus content at different soil layers
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	418	404	324	8.98	5.24	4.25	19.24	13.66	8.56
Chemical fertilizers	2	522	389	345	12.54	4.33	4.53	28.59	17.54	7.98
	3	678	442	402	22.98	8.54	4.25	30.59	15.69	6.59
	4	724	465	387	25.89	7.24	3.15	36.55	12.54	7.95
	5	874	614	411	71.26	21.47	8.57	65.47	22.58	9.74
	6	1 132	864	551	148.59	35.65	14.22	124.97	37.58	15.24
有机无机肥配施	7	396	377	376	10.02	5.33	3.59	51.23	21.54	10.24
Organic fertilizer	8	432	413	397	13.58	6.98	3.05	46.98	28.65	13.69
coupled with	9	568	449	356	19.68	5.87	3.24	56.49	32.14	8.14
inorganic fertilizers	10	712	549	413	45.89	10.25	5.74	74.32	43.65	15.64
	11	924	668	455	82.57	18.57	12.14	98.56	41.96	25.69
	12	1 342	914	624	176.58	42.98	18.59	166.59	48.29	26.87

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的全磷含量 Total phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的微生物生物量磷含量 Microbial biomass phosphorus content at different soil layers
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	418	404	324	8.98	5.24	4.25	19.24	13.66	8.56
Chemical fertilizers	2	522	389	345	12.54	4.33	4.53	28.59	17.54	7.98
	3	678	442	402	22.98	8.54	4.25	30.59	15.69	6.59
	4	724	465	387	25.89	7.24	3.15	36.55	12.54	7.95
	5	874	614	411	71.26	21.47	8.57	65.47	22.58	9.74
	6	1 132	864	551	148.59	35.65	14.22	124.97	37.58	15.24
有机无机肥配施	7	396	377	376	10.02	5.33	3.59	51.23	21.54	10.24
Organic fertilizer	8	432	413	397	13.58	6.98	3.05	46.98	28.65	13.69
coupled with	9	568	449	356	19.68	5.87	3.24	56.49	32.14	8.14
inorganic fertilizers	10	712	549	413	45.89	10.25	5.74	74.32	43.65	15.64
	11	924	668	455	82.57	18.57	12.14	98.56	41.96	25.69
	12	1 342	914	624	176.58	42.98	18.59	166.59	48.29	26.87

剖面序号 Section serial No.	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	H₂O-Pi	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaOH-Pi	HCl-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Po	R-P
1	0~20	0.54	19.02	16.64	201.77	5.52	38.50	136.02
	20~40	0.44	15.43	8.78	228.68	3.24	15.43	132.01
	40~80	0.28	9.43	10.21	154.2	2.23	5.65	141.98
2	0~20	1.12	22.55	25.16	256.56	5.90	72.71	137.93
	20~40	0.41	14.54	11.32	190.63	2.76	24.34	145.02
	40~80	0.24	7.89	10.44	180.67	2.11	7.65	135.89
3	0~20	3.45	38.31	30.17	341.92	7.32	112.83	143.98
	20~40	0.66	17.54	14.32	224.71	4.32	32.45	148.02
	40~80	0.38	11.32	11.23	230.07	3.24	8.76	136.95
4	0~20	4.27	42.64	23.67	359.61	15.28	124.28	147.10
	20~40	0.67	18.45	16.57	238.79	5.76	48.76	135.96
	40~80	0.36	12.43	12.43	193.56	4.66	11.56	152.03
5	0~20	10.12	118.34	38.19	423.72	7.25	114.38	162.10
	20~40	1.43	25.67	18.76	376.93	4.34	39.87	147.02
	40~80	0.52	13.76	15.65	217.54	2.88	11.65	148.89
6	0~20	15.67	154.23	30.12	646.34	8.67	118.97	158.12
	20~40	2.56	35.64	22.15	613.07	5.23	42.35	143.11
	40~80	1.13	24.23	16.97	355.12	3.12	12.43	137.95

杭州湾蔬菜地土壤的磷素积累特点及其淋失临界值

Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China

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剖面序号 Section serial No.	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	H₂O-Pi	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaOH-Pi	HCl-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Po	R-P
1	0~20	0.44	16.56	3.21	169.60	6.54	46.65	153.05
	20~40	0.23	13.32	2.65	199.14	4.32	21.34	135.93
	40~80	0.32	11.45	3.65	204.91	2.22	11.45	142.01
2	0~20	0.73	23.76	7.50	194.69	9.56	32.76	163.06
	20~40	0.34	14.67	4.23	216.42	4.56	18.78	154.11
	40~80	0.28	12.43	4.13	219.86	3.76	13.54	143.89
3	0~20	1.11	32.76	10.20	315.52	17.65	54.76	154.03
	20~40	0.54	19.76	2.65	251.08	11.32	24.65	138.96
	40~80	0.39	14.65	3.24	161.51	5.45	15.76	155.02
4	0~20	2.28	87.65	11.77	297.33	21.43	153.54	137.93
	20~40	0.65	23.67	3.44	289.72	15.65	67.87	148.04
	40~80	0.43	16.54	5.23	194.12	11.23	32.45	152.89
5	0~20	8.04	143.34	17.51	451.37	16.87	139.87	147.03
	20~40	3.65	43.65	4.24	390.72	9.87	59.87	156.10
	40~80	1.69	21.65	3.65	239.80	4.56	34.65	149.11
6	0~20	14.65	172.21	5.34	839.94	14.32	132.54	163.02
	20~40	5.21	59.87	4.24	645.78	8.76	42.14	147.93
	40~80	2.69	32.14	4.11	393.96	5.45	23.65	161.95

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的最大吸附量Maximum adsorption capacity at different soil layers
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥Chemical fertilizers	1	209	261	247
	2	182	247	251
	3	168	216	237
	4	137	173	204
	5	125	148	185
	6	74	151	171
有机无机肥配施	7	184	251	262
Organic fertilizer coupled with	8	196	252	237
inorganic fertilizers	9	174	218	244
	10	118	173	192
	11	79	137	165
	12	52	106	137

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