优化施肥措施对水稻产量和土壤养分平衡的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240132

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 438-446.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240132

优化施肥措施对水稻产量和土壤养分平衡的影响

李建强¹(), 魏倩倩², 刘晓霞³, 张均华², 朱春权²^,^*()

1.平湖市植保土肥技术推广中心,浙江平湖 314200
2.中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310006
3.浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,浙江杭州 310020

收稿日期:2024-02-19 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-03-20
作者简介:*朱春权,E-mail:zhuchunquan@caas.cn
李建强(1981—),男,湖北枣阳人,学士,高级农艺师,研究方向为土壤肥料、耕地质量保护与提升。E-mail:275279089@qq.com
通讯作者: 朱春权
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2023C02005);浙江省重点研发计划(2023C02015)

Effects of optimizing fertilization methods on rice yield and soil nutrient balance

LI Jianqiang¹(), WEI Qianqian², LIU Xiaoxia³, ZHANG Junhua², ZHU Chunquan²^,^*()

1. Pinghu Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Technology Promotion Center, Pinghu 314200, Zhejiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
3. Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou 310020, China

Received:2024-02-19 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: ZHU Chunquan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究适合杭嘉湖地区的新型肥料和适宜肥料用量,本研究选取3种新型肥料,以平湖当地常规施肥为对照,通过田间试验,筛选适合当地水稻优质高产的新型肥料,并进行减氮增效研究。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施用茂施缓释肥能显著(P<0.05)提高水稻的干重和氮肥利用率,并通过提高水稻穗粒数和结实率进而提高水稻产量。同时,茂施缓释肥显著增加了土壤中有机质和碱解氮含量,提高了脲酶和氨单加氧酶的活性,以及对应功能基因的丰度,增加了土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量。与常规施肥相比,茂施缓释肥减氮10%显著提高了水稻氮素利用率且不影响水稻产量和稻米品质。综上所述,施加茂施缓释肥可在常规氮肥用量的基础上减氮10%,从而达到水稻减氮增效的目的。

关键词: 茂施缓释肥, 减氮增效, 水稻, 氮素利用率, 产量

Abstract:

To explore suitable new fertilizers and the optimal application dosage in the Hangzhou-Jiahu-Hu region, three kinds of news fertilizers were used in present study. Taking the local conventional fertilizer application dosage in Pinghu as the control, the new types of fertilizer which suitable for the high quality and high yield rice production in the local were screened out by a field experiment, and further to explore the method with the purpose of nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement for new fertilizer. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilizer application in the local area, the application of Maoshi slow-release fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased rice dry weight and nitrogen use efficiency, and increased rice yield via increasing the seed numbers per spike and the seed setting rate. Furthermore, Maoshi slow-release fertilizer significantly increased soil organic matter content and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content, increased the activities of urease and ammonia monooxygenase along with abundance of relevant functional genes, and increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content. Compared to the conventional nitrogen application amount, reduced 10% of nitrogen when applied Maoshi slow-release fertilizer significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency without compromising rice yield and rice quality. In summary, applying Moshi slow-release fertilizer with a 10% nitrogen reduction from conventional dosage achieves both nitrogen reduction and efficieny enhancement in rice cultivation.

Key words: Maoshi slow-release fertilizer, nitrogen reduction and efficiency enhancement, rice, nitrogen use efficiency, yield

中图分类号:

S511

李建强, 魏倩倩, 刘晓霞, 张均华, 朱春权. 优化施肥措施对水稻产量和土壤养分平衡的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 438-446.

LI Jianqiang, WEI Qianqian, LIU Xiaoxia, ZHANG Junhua, ZHU Chunquan. Effects of optimizing fertilization methods on rice yield and soil nutrient balance[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 438-446.

图/表 12

参考文献 21

[1]	文平兰, 陈海波, 童星. 不同新型肥料在句容市小麦生产上的应用效果初探[J]. 上海农业科技, 2023(2): 141-143.
	WEN P L, CHEN H B, TONG X. Preliminary study on the application effect of different new fertilizers in wheat production in Jurong city[J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023(2): 141-143. (in Chinese)
[2]	丁文成, 何萍, 周卫. 我国新型肥料产业发展战略研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(2): 201-221.
	DING W C, HE P, ZHOU W. Development strategies of the new-type fertilizer industry in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(2): 201-221. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	王文青, 何玮恒, 陈培峰, 等. 新型缓释肥料对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2023, 35(1): 84-87.
	WANG W Q, HE W H, CHEN P F, et al. Effect of new slow-release fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2023, 35(1): 84-87. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	刘永红, 郑文涛, 张晋天, 等. 缓/控释肥研究进展及其应用[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2023, 42(4): 167-176.
	LIU Y H, ZHENG W T, ZHANG J T, et al. Progress and its application of slow/controlled release fertilizers in agricultural production[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2023, 42(4): 167-176. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	卢忠诚, 傅丽青, 黄其颖, 等. 缓释肥对水稻甬优1540产量及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 农技服务, 2022, 39(11): 1-4.
	LU Z C, FU L Q, HUANG Q Y, et al. Effect of slow-release fertilizer on yield and fertilizer utilization rate of rice Yongyou 1540[J]. Agricultural Technology Service, 2022, 39(11): 1-4. (in Chinese)
[6]	李虹儒, 许景钢, 徐明岗, 等. 我国典型农田长期施肥小麦氮肥回收率的变化特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(2): 336-343.
	LI H R, XU J G, XU M G, et al. Change characteristic of nitrogen recovery efficiency of wheat in typical farmland of China under long-term fertilization[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2009, 15(2): 336-343. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	WANG C, LV J, XIE J M, et al. Effect of slow-release fertilizer on soil fertility and growth and quality of wintering Chinese chives (Allium tuberm Rottler ex Spreng.) in greenhouses[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 8070.
[8]	胡香玉, 钟旭华, 彭碧琳, 等. 减氮条件下高产水稻品种的产量形成和氮素利用特征[J]. 核农学报, 2019, 33(12): 2460-2471.
	HU X Y, ZHONG X H, PENG B L, et al. Yield formation and characteristics of nitrogen utilization in high-yielding rice varieties under reduced nitrogen input[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 33(12): 2460-2471. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	杜加银, 茹美, 倪吾钟. 减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(3): 523-533.
	DU J Y, RU M, NI W Z. Effects of fertilization with reducing nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and stabilizing potassium on rice yield and nutrient accumulation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(3): 523-533. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[11]	李振高, 骆永明, 滕应. 土壤与环境微生物研究法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
[12]	师恩慧. 蚯蚓在秸秆堆制过程中对氮代谢的影响[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022.
	SHI E H. Effect of earthworm on nitrogen metabolism in straw composting process[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2022. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	李晨华, 贾仲君, 唐立松, 等. 不同施肥模式对绿洲农田土壤微生物群落丰度与酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2012, 49(3): 567-574.
	LI C H, JIA Z J, TANG L S, et al. Effect of model of fertilization on microbial abundance and enzyme activity in oasis farmland soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2012, 49(3): 567-574. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	JIANG D Q, JIANG N, JIANG H, et al. Urease inhibitors increased soil ureC gene abundance and intracellular urease activity when extracellular urease activity was inhibited[J]. Geoderma, 2023, 430: 116295.
[15]	全国粮油标准化技术委员会. 优质稻谷:GB/T 17891—2007[S/OL]. [2024-02-18]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=56C97D505F4880DE76E2D49C7DA0C872.
[16]	赵秉强, 袁亮. 化肥产品创新驱动产业转型升级[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(4): 726-731.
	ZHAO B Q, YUAN L. Innovation in chemical fertilizer products driving industrial transformation and evolution[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(4): 726-731. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	胡启良, 杨滨娟, 刘宁, 等. 绿肥混播下不同施氮量对水稻产量、土壤碳氮和微生物群落的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2022, 41(6): 16-26.
	HU Q L, YANG B J, LIU N, et al. Effects of application rates of nitrogen on rice yield, carbon and nitrogen, microbial community in soil under mixed sowing of green manure[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2022, 41(6): 16-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	CONACHER J, CONACHER A. Organic farming and the environment, with particular reference to Australia: a review[J]. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 1998, 16: 145-171.
[19]	高菊生, 黄晶, 董春华, 等. 长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2014, 51(2): 314-324.
	GAO J S, HUANG J, DONG C H, et al. Effects of long-term combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on rice yield and soil available nutrients[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014, 51(2): 314-324. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	张水清, 林杉, 郭斗斗, 等. 长期施肥下潮土全氮、碱解氮含量与氮素投入水平关系[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(6): 23-29.
	ZHANG S Q, LIN S, GUO D D, et al. Relationship between total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content and nitrogen input levels in fluvo-aquic soil under long term fertilization[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2017(6): 23-29. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	熊淑萍, 吴延鹏, 王小纯, 等. 减氮处理对不同小麦品种干物质积累及氮素转运特性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(8): 1134-1140.
	XIONG S P, WU Y P, WANG X C, et al. Effect of lower nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen translocation of different wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(8): 1134-1140. (in Chinese with English abstract)

基因名称 Gene name	正向引物序列(5'→3') Forward primer sequence(5'→3')	反向引物序列(5'→3') Reverse primer sequence(5'→3')	参考文献 Reference
ureC	AAGSTSCACGAGGACTGGGG	AGGTGGTGGCASACCATSAGCAT	[14]
Arch-amoA	TAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	CGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	[13]
Bact-amoA	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	[13]

基因名称 Gene name	正向引物序列(5'→3') Forward primer sequence(5'→3')	反向引物序列(5'→3') Reverse primer sequence(5'→3')	参考文献 Reference
ureC	AAGSTSCACGAGGACTGGGG	AGGTGGTGGCASACCATSAGCAT	[14]
Arch-amoA	TAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	CGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	[13]
Bact-amoA	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	[13]

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Seed number per spike	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-gain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	206.10±4.80 c	190.78±1.59 c	96.47±0.37 a	23.24±0.02 b	9 094.80±215.55 c
CF	244.35±14.70 ab	184.69±1.15 d	85.92±1.26 c	23.30±0.05 a	9 455.40±195.75 b
MSF	244.50±7.80 ab	194.41±2.19 b	90.75±1.33 b	23.32±0.03 b	9 810.45±207.45 a
JSF	239.25±7.65 b	181.34±2.73 e	89.18±0.52 b	24.19±0.02 a	9 606.15±135.00 b
SSF	245.55±4.20 a	208.31±4.93 a	90.28±1.45 b	23.22±0.04 b	9 724.80±297.60 b

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Seed number per spike	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-gain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	206.10±4.80 c	190.78±1.59 c	96.47±0.37 a	23.24±0.02 b	9 094.80±215.55 c
CF	244.35±14.70 ab	184.69±1.15 d	85.92±1.26 c	23.30±0.05 a	9 455.40±195.75 b
MSF	244.50±7.80 ab	194.41±2.19 b	90.75±1.33 b	23.32±0.03 b	9 810.45±207.45 a
JSF	239.25±7.65 b	181.34±2.73 e	89.18±0.52 b	24.19±0.02 a	9 606.15±135.00 b
SSF	245.55±4.20 a	208.31±4.93 a	90.28±1.45 b	23.22±0.04 b	9 724.80±297.60 b

处理 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/%	总氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzed content N/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available P content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available K content/(mg·kg^-1)
CK	2.57±0.27 b	1.32±0.07 b	146.35±5.31 c	62.09±2.96 a	58.36±2.86 b
CF	2.54±0.13 b	1.33±0.05 ab	155.26±7.69 b	54.06±5.67 b	63.96±6.39 ab
MSF	3.08±0.21 a	1.42±0.08 a	167.28±8.72 a	55.92±4.83 b	68.52±4.13 ab
JSF	2.66±0.32 b	1.39±0.09 ab	151.82±12.73 b	68.31±8.04 a	72.03±9.22 a
SSF	2.48±0.22 b	1.35±0.10 ab	159.26±15.46 b	64.49±3.26 a	66.31±1.99 ab

优化施肥措施对水稻产量和土壤养分平衡的影响

Effects of optimizing fertilization methods on rice yield and soil nutrient balance

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

处理 Treatment	干重Dry weight
处理 Treatment	叶Leaf	茎Stem	穗Spike
CK	6.03±0.53 d	17.55±1.39 b	44.31±1.12 c
T1	7.43±0.52 a	17.94±0.95 ab	54.61±1.85 a
T2	6.64±0.33 b	17.38±0.69 b	53.23±0.39 a
T3	6.24±0.10 c	18.45±0.46 a	47.69±0.62 b

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number/ (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Seed number per spike	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	207.15±4.65 b	190.23±1.66 c	86.62±0.26 a	23.24±0.02 b	9 059.25±240.75 b
T1	265.20±12.45 a	213.63±2.54 a	84.83±1.04 a	23.22±0.07 b	9 397.95±377.55 a
T2	259.65±15.30 a	210.66±3.18 a	81.27±1.55 b	23.21±0.04 b	9 268.65±297.60 a
T3	211.35±6.75 b	195.75±3.11 b	85.85±0.98 a	23.51±0.07 a	8 448.45±289.35 c

处理 Treatment	糙米率 Husked rice rate	整精米率 Head rice yield	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	精米率 Milled rice rate	蛋白质含量 Protein content
CK	83.1±2.51 a	63.2±2.15 b	17.2±3.21 a	74.4±1.36 a	6.67±0.35 b
T1	83.1±3.25 a	69.8±1.35 a	16.8±1.36 a	74.3±2.14 a	8.04±0.48 a
T2	82.2±2.66 a	71.4±1.11 a	17.1±2.14 a	74.2±2.25 a	7.78±0.55 a
T3	83.0±1.85 a	70.5±1.26 a	17.2±2.16 a	74.1±1.34 a	8.04±0.39 a

[1]	万绍媛, 刘现波, 才硕, 时红, 程婕. 灌溉方式和种植方式对双季稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 257-268.
[2]	兰雪成, 赵凤亮, 张光旭, 李杨, 郭晓红. 纳米氧化锌和纳米氧化硅对水稻种子萌发的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 269-277.
[3]	李灿, 杨婷, 孙乙铭, 陈洪梁, 崔琦, 沈晓霞. 华东覆盆子优势种质资源的筛选与评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 349-364.
[4]	韩笑, 刘旭杰, 石吕, 张晋, 单海勇, 石晓旭, 严旖旎, 刘建, 薛亚光. 麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 1-13.
[5]	李腾飞, 杨桂玲, 阮美颖, 褚田芬, 秦华, 邓美华. 不同肥药管理对设施番茄生产系统土壤健康与番茄性状的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 145-158.
[6]	吴浩峰, 林朝阳, 沈志成. 耐草甘膦和啶嘧磺隆的转基因水稻研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 1957-1968.
[7]	陈宇眺, 闫川, 洪晓富, 宋佳谕. 分蘖期淹水对常规粳稻生长特性、产量形成与钾素吸收的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 1990-1999.
[8]	闵江艳, 唐卓磊, 杨雪, 黄小燕, 黄凯丰, 何佩云. 不同干旱-复水模式对苦荞生长与产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 2000-2009.
[9]	展梦琪, 苏傲雪, 侯倩, 张皓宇, 姜欣蕊, 徐艳. 水稻对林丹的吸收累积与代谢组学研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 2110-2121.
[10]	邵亚旭, 刘涛, 王事成, 晏磊. 秸秆-有机肥育秧基质的配比筛选与成型工艺[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(8): 1856-1866.
[11]	潘志军, 吴小文, 吴晨阳, 程驭, 陈龙, 张晓红, 张进山, 周兵, 江波, 张文静, 车钊, 宋贺. 皖中不同类型再生稻品种产量与温光资源利用特征分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1492-1501.
[12]	李慧, 谭晓琴, 唐茜, 杨洋, 陈玮. 疏花对紫嫣茶树产量及品质成分的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1602-1615.
[13]	胡铁军. 化肥减量配施微生物肥对西蓝花产量品质与土壤性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1657-1665.
[14]	许立婷, 齐广平, 康燕霞, 银敏华, 马彦麟, 贾琼, 汪精海, 姜渊博. 调亏灌溉对苜蓿产量品质效应的荟萃分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1256-1269.
[15]	赵黎明, 王亚新, 蒋文鑫, 段绍彪, 沈雪峰, 郑殿峰, 冯乃杰. 植物生长调节剂对优质粳稻产量、品质与光合特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(5): 1003-1014.

处理 Treatment	氮含量Nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)			氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency/%
处理 Treatment	叶Leaf	茎Stem	穗Spike	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency/%
CK	7.86±0.38 c	4.75±0.13 b	10.04±0.50 b	—
T1	9.65±0.48 a	8.45±0.71 a	13.70±0.47 a	46.51±1.47 b
T2	9.77±0.33 a	8.67±0.35 a	14.02±0.15 a	50.51±1.21 a
T3	9.05±0.10 b	8.42±0.36 a	14.37±0.52 a	47.37±1.80 b

处理 Treatment	氮含量Nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)			氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency/%
处理 Treatment	叶Leaf	茎Stem	穗Spike	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency/%
CK	7.86±0.38 c	4.75±0.13 b	10.04±0.50 b	—
T1	9.65±0.48 a	8.45±0.71 a	13.70±0.47 a	46.51±1.47 b
T2	9.77±0.33 a	8.67±0.35 a	14.02±0.15 a	50.51±1.21 a
T3	9.05±0.10 b	8.42±0.36 a	14.37±0.52 a	47.37±1.80 b