优化施肥管理对常山胡柚产量、品质与温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240790

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2293-2307.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240790

优化施肥管理对常山胡柚产量、品质与温室气体排放的影响

沈佳瑜¹^,²(), 邓燕³, 李贝³, 王佳雨³, 张姬雯⁴, 彭国方⁵, 吴群⁶, 朱齐超³, 张卫峰¹^,²^,³, 段志平³^,^*()

1.安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥 230036
2.农田生态保育与养分资源高效利用安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥 230036
3.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100083
4.衢州市农业特色产业发展中心,浙江衢州 324000
5.常山县大宝山柑桔专业合作社,浙江常山 324204
6.衢州市农业林业科学研究院,浙江衢州 324003

收稿日期:2024-09-07 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
作者简介:沈佳瑜(1999—),女,江苏海门人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果园碳排放。E-mail:3256495855@qq.com
基金资助:
衢州市农业农村局项目(衢农合2022-31)

Effects of optimizing fertilizer management on yield, quality and greenhouse gas emissions of Citrus×aurantium L. Changshanhuyou

SHEN Jiayu¹^,²(), DENG Yan³, LI Bei³, WANG Jiayu³, ZHANG Jiwen⁴, PENG Guofang⁵, WU Qun⁶, ZHU Qichao³, ZHANG Weifeng¹^,²^,³, DUAN Zhiping³^,^*()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. Anhui Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Nutrient Resources, Hefei 230036, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
4. Quzhou Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
5. Dabaoshan Citrus Professional Cooperative of Changshan County, Changshan 324204, Zhejiang, China
6. Quzhou Agricultural Forestry Science Research Institute, Quzhou 324003, China

Received:2024-09-07 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08
Contact: ^*段志平,E-mail: d_zhiping12@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明适用于常山胡柚不同时期的专用肥配方及其对产量、品质、温室气体排放和土壤肥力的影响,本研究设置了4种施肥模式:CK,不施肥;FP,农户常规施肥;OPT,优化施肥;OPT50%N,在优化施肥的基础上施氮量减半。采用静态箱气相色谱法监测1年生育期内(2023年3月10日—2024年1月11日)的温室气体(N₂O和CH₄)排放。结果发现,与FP处理相比: OPT处理的果实产量未显著下降,果实品质提升,可滴定酸度显著(p<0.05)降低21.6%,固酸比和可食率分别显著提升27.7%、2.37百分点,CH₄累积排放量和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)分别显著降低30.8%和33.3%,同时能够保证土壤有效养分的供给。OPT50%N处理虽然也能维持较高的果实品质和土壤有效养分的供给,且N₂O累积排放量和CH₄累积排放量较较FP处理分别显著降低30.9%、61.5%,但果实产量亦显著下降4.52%。综上,OPT处理既能保证果实产量,还能实现提质减排协同,可以开发为专用肥产品。该处理的化肥养分总投入量较FP减少24.4%,有效实现了化肥的减量增效。

关键词: 果园, 常山胡柚, 化肥减量, 专用配方肥, 土壤有效养分, 温室气体减排

Abstract:

To explore the special fertilizer formulas suitable for Citrus×aurantium L. Changshanhuyou at different growth stages and their effects on yield, quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil fertility, this study established four fertilization modes: CK (no fertilization), FP (farmers’ conventional fertilization), OPT (optimized fertilization) and OPT50%N (optimized fertilization with nitrogen application rate reduced by 50%). The static chamber-gas chromatography method was employed to monitor the emissions of greenhouse gases (N₂O and CH₄) throughout the growth period within one year (from March 30th, 2023 to January 11th, 2024). The results showed that compared with the FP treatment: the OPT treatment did not cause a significant decrease in fruit yield while improving fruit quality, with titratable acidity significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 21.6%, ratio of total soluble solids content to titratable acidity and edible rate significantly increased by 27.7% and 2.37 percentage points, respectively; cumulative CH₄ emission and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were significantly reduced by 30.8% and 33.3%, respectively; and the supply of soil nutrients in soil was guaranteed. Although the OPT50%N treatment also maintained fruit quality and the supply of available nutrients in soil, with cumulative N₂O emission and CH₄ emission significantly reduced by 30.9% and 61.5% than those of FP treatment, respectively, the fruit yield was significantly decreased by 4.52%. In conclusion, the OPT treatment could not only ensure fruit yield but also achieve the coordination of quality improvement and greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and thus could be developed into a special fertilizer product. The total nutrients input of chemical fertilizers in this treatment was reduced by 24.4% compared with FP, which effectively realized the usage reduction and efficiency improvement of chemical fertilizers.

Key words: orchard, Changshanhuyou, reducing fertilizer usage, special formulated fertilizer, soil available nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions reduction

中图分类号:

S666.306.2

沈佳瑜, 邓燕, 李贝, 王佳雨, 张姬雯, 彭国方, 吴群, 朱齐超, 张卫峰, 段志平. 优化施肥管理对常山胡柚产量、品质与温室气体排放的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2293-2307.

SHEN Jiayu, DENG Yan, LI Bei, WANG Jiayu, ZHANG Jiwen, PENG Guofang, WU Qun, ZHU Qichao, ZHANG Weifeng, DUAN Zhiping. Effects of optimizing fertilizer management on yield, quality and greenhouse gas emissions of Citrus×aurantium L. Changshanhuyou[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2293-2307.

图/表 6

图1 试验期间的降水量、月平均最低气温和月平均最高气温

Fig.1 Precipitation, monthly mean minimum temperature and monthly mean maximum temperature during the experimental period

表1 不同处理对果实产量的影响

Table 1 Fruit yield under different treatments

处理 Treatment	单株挂果数量 Fruit quantity per plant	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
CK	320.92±4.19 c	272.05±6.26 b	69.46±0.77 c
FP	441.25±8.17 a	275.86±4.98 ab	88.92±1.05 a
OPT	426.73±2.80 ab	285.69±1.55 a	88.72±1.02 a
OPT50%N	418.07±10.79 b	281.93±5.97 ab	84.90±0.20 b

表2 不同处理的果实品质

Table 2 Fruit quality under different treatments

处理 Treatment	横径 Transverse diameter/mm	纵径 Vertical diameter/mm	可溶性固形物含量 Total soluble solids content/%	可滴定酸度 Titratable acidity/%	固酸比 Ratio of total soluble solids content to titratable acidity	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content/(mg·g^-1)	可食率 Edible rate/%
CK	86.41±2.23 ab	72.00±1.67 a	11.13±0.15 b	1.08±0.08 ab	10.37±0.72 ab	0.293 7±0.004 5 b	65.48±0.29 b
FP	87.74±1.06 ab	75.39±1.22 a	11.57±0.15 a	1.25±0.07 a	9.29±0.60 b	0.304 6±0.005 1 ab	65.22±0.34 b
OPT	89.80±1.52 a	75.55±2.06 a	11.63±0.21 a	0.98±0.04 b	11.86±0.68 a	0.309 7±0.008 8 a	67.59±0.22 a
OPT50%N	85.78±0.98 b	73.60±2.27 a	11.50±0.10 ab	0.98±0.10 b	11.80±1.12 a	0.303 1±0.003 6 ab	67.55±0.25 a

图2 不同处理下N2O和CH4的排放通量实线箭头指施肥事件,对应的日期分别为2023-03-28、2023-07-09、2024-01-03。虚线箭头指24 h内降水量大于10 mm的事件,对应的日期分别为2023-04-18、2023-06-07、2023-06-24、2023-07-29、2023-09-04、2023-09-15、2023-10-06、2024-01-05。

Fig.2 N2O and CH4 emission fluxes under different treatments Solid line arrows indicate fertilization, and the corresponding dates are 2023-03-28, 2023-07-09, 2024-01-03, respectively. Dashed arrows indicate precipatation above 10 mm within 24 h, and the corresponding dates are 2023-04-18, 2023-06-07, 2023-06-24, 2023-07-29, 2023-09-04, 2023-09-15, 2023-10-06, 2024-01-05, respectively.

表3 不同处理的全球增温潜势(GWP)与温室气体排放强度(GHGI)

Table 3 Global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under different treatments

处理 Treatment	N₂O累积排放量 Cumulative N₂O emission/(kg·hm^-2)	CH₄累积排放量 Cumulative CH₄ emission/(kg·hm^-2)	GWP/(kg·hm^-2)	GHGI/(kg·kg^-1)
CK	4.28±0.23 c	-0.03±0.01 d	1 275.18±68.82 c	0.02±0.01 b
FP	8.77±0.54 a	0.13±0.01 a	2 618.15±160.45 a	0.03±0.01 a
OPT	7.06±0.32 ab	0.09±0.02 b	2 107.23±96.33 b	0.02±0.01 b
OPT50%N	6.06±0.48 bc	0.05±0.01 c	1 807.56±141.82 b	0.02±0.01 b

图3 不同处理的果园土壤养分含量同一时期柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。

Fig.3 Nutrients content in orchard soil under different treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05.

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优化施肥管理对常山胡柚产量、品质与温室气体排放的影响

Effects of optimizing fertilizer management on yield, quality and greenhouse gas emissions of Citrus×aurantium L. Changshanhuyou

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