规模化猪场粪便养分特征与堆肥过程中填料添加的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20226908

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1690-1698.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20226908

规模化猪场粪便养分特征与堆肥过程中填料添加的影响

潘亚杰(), 常会庆(), 宋盼盼

河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳 471023

收稿日期:2022-06-20 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-17
作者简介:*常会庆,E-mail:hqchang@126.com
潘亚杰(1998—),女,河南开封人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业废弃物资源化利用。E-mail:1975290129@qq.com
通讯作者: 常会庆
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0801304)

Nutrients characteristics of pig manure in large-scale farms and effect of filler addition during composting

PAN Yajie(), CHANG Huiqing(), SONG Panpan

College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

Received:2022-06-20 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-08-17
Contact: CHANG Huiqing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在检测规模化猪场粪便中养分含量特征的基础上,研究不同填料添加对猪粪堆肥过程中养分变化的影响,以期为堆肥过程中养分,尤其是氮素的保持提供依据。以豫西地区规模化猪场的脱水猪粪为研究对象,连续171 d对其养分特征开展监测。在此基础上,添加过磷酸钙、膨润土、腐殖质等填料,研究90 d好氧堆肥过程中养分含量的变化。结果表明,猪粪样品中全氮(TN)、P₂O₅、K₂O、有机质的含量分别为0.54%~1.52%、1.20%~3.35%、0.31%~0.84%、54.03%~79.70%,pH值和电导率(EC)分别为6.79~8.14和0.59~2.62 mS·cm^-1。以猪粪为原料开展好氧堆肥,各处理均可实现猪粪的无害化堆肥(>50 ℃的时间不低于7 d)。添加3%过磷酸钙或3%腐殖质有利于提高堆体的反应温度,两处理的最高温度分别为62.7 ℃和58.9 ℃、高温(>50 ℃)持续时间分别为15 d和16 d。猪粪堆肥过程中,各处理的TN、P₂O₅、K₂O含量增加,但有机质含量呈逐渐降低趋势。与其他处理相比,添加3%的过磷酸钙和3%的腐殖质有利于堆体氮素的保持,至堆肥结束时,其TN含量分别为1.63%和1.75%。综上,在利用猪粪堆肥时,应根据其养分含量特征,针对性地添加适宜的填料,在本试验条件下,推荐添加腐殖质和过磷酸钙,可提高堆肥的保氮效果。

关键词: 规模化猪场, 猪粪, 养分, 好氧堆肥

Abstract:

Based on the survey of nutrients contents in the pig manure of large-scale farms, the effect of fillers on nutrients changes during composting was investigated to provide basis for the maintenance of nutrients, especially nitrogen. The dehydrated pig manure from typical pig farms in the western Henan Province was selected, and its nutrients contents were consecutively monitored for 171 d. Then, the effects of fillers (calcium superphosphate, bentonite, humus) addition on nutrients changes during the 90-d composting were studied. It was shown that the contents of total nitrogen (TN), P₂O₅, K₂O, and organic matter in the pig manure samples ranged from 0.54% to 1.52%, 1.20% to 3.35%, 0.31% to 0.84%, and 54.03% to 79.70%, respectively, and the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were 6.79 to 8.14, and 0.59 to 2.62 mS·cm^-1, respectively. Aerobic composting could achieve harmless composting of pig manure, as the period with temperature>50 ℃ exceeded 7 d. Addition of 3% calcium superphosphate or 3% humus could increase the reaction temperature during composting, as the maximum temperature reached 62.7 ℃ and 58.9 ℃, and the high temperature (>50 ℃) period lasted 15 d and 16 d, respectively. The contents of TN, P₂O₅, and K₂O during composting increased, yet the organic matter content showed a decreasing trend. Compared with the other treatments, the addition of 3% calcium superphosphate or 3% humus better maintained nitrogen during composting, of which the TN content was 1.63% and 1.75%, respectively, after composting. It was concluded that fillers should be added according to the nutrients contents in pig manure for composting. Under the experiment conditions, humus and calcium superphosphate are recommended to preserve total nitrogen during composting.

Key words: large-scale pig farm, manure, nutrients, aerobic composting

中图分类号:

S141.2

潘亚杰, 常会庆, 宋盼盼. 规模化猪场粪便养分特征与堆肥过程中填料添加的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(7): 1690-1698.

PAN Yajie, CHANG Huiqing, SONG Panpan. Nutrients characteristics of pig manure in large-scale farms and effect of filler addition during composting[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(7): 1690-1698.

图/表 7

表1 堆肥物料的基本性质

Table 1 Properties of compost materials

物料 Material	pH	N/%	P₂O₅/%	K₂O/%	有机质 Organic matter/%
猪粪Pig manure	8.57±0.02	0.86±0.10	1.19±0.28	0.48±0.15	63.05±1.14
秸秆Straw	6.70±0.07	0.83±0.05	0.89±0.13	1.20±0.04	61.03±2.17
膨润土Bentonite	7.55±0.10	0.02±0.01	0.69±0.19	1.49±0.01	1.99±0.38
腐殖质Humus	7.03±0.09	0.28±0.03	0.67±0.07	0.48±0.02	69.14±0.59
过磷酸钙Calcium superphosphate	3.12±0.02	—	≥12	—	—

图1 堆肥装置示意图

Fig.1 Structure of composting system

图2 生长期内猪粪样品的pH值与电导率(EC)统计结果

Fig.2 Statistics of pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in pig manure during growth

图3 生长期猪粪的养分含量

Fig.3 Nutrients content of pig manure during growth

图4 堆肥过程中的温度变化

Fig.4 Variation of temperature during composting

图5 堆肥过程中含水率、pH、电导率(EC)的变化

Fig.5 Variation of moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) during composting

图6 堆肥过程中全氮(TN)、P2O5、K2O、有机质含量的变化

Fig.6 Variation of contents of total nitrogen (TN), P2O5, K2O, organic matter during composting

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规模化猪场粪便养分特征与堆肥过程中填料添加的影响

Nutrients characteristics of pig manure in large-scale farms and effect of filler addition during composting

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