莴苣盘梗霉菌自然寄主专化性的分化及其对莴苣的侵染性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240104

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 126-133.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240104

莴苣盘梗霉菌自然寄主专化性的分化及其对莴苣的侵染性

何晓婵¹(), 周小军¹, 朱浩¹, 龚婉², 张敬泽², 朱丽燕¹^,^*()

1.金华市农业科学研究院作物栽培与植物保护研究所,浙江金华 321017
2.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州 310058

收稿日期:2024-01-28 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-14
作者简介:何晓婵(1988—),女,浙江武义人,硕士,农艺师,从事植保技术研究与推广工作。E-mail:164607454@163.com
通讯作者: *朱丽燕,E-mail:pasxzly@163.com
基金资助:
金华市科技计划(2021-2-002a)

Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce

HE Xiaochan¹(), ZHOU Xiaojun¹, ZHU Hao¹, GONG Wan², ZHANG Jingze², ZHU Liyan¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Crop Cultivation and Plant Protection, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China
2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2024-01-28 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确引起浙江金华地区杂草苦苣菜和苣荬菜霜霉病的病原菌及其寄主范围,进行了病原菌鉴定和寄主范围的测定。依据形态学特征和分子特征鉴定、病原菌特异性引物PCR扩增结果,以及基于核糖体ITS区和28S基因、Cox2基因序列的系统发育分析,将引起2种杂草霜霉病的病原菌鉴定为莴苣盘梗霉菌。致病性试验结果显示,病原菌可侵染其他自然寄主和栽培品种莴苣和生菜,但不能侵染已知的自然寄主续断菊,证实来自杂草上的莴苣盘梗霉菌存在寄主专化性的分化,不完全相同于已知的寄主范围。苦苣菜和苣荬菜可能是莴苣霜霉病的接种源,控制这些杂草将是控制霜霉病害的重要一环,研究结果为揭示活体营养莴苣盘梗霉菌具有寄主专化性及其分化提供了直接证据。

关键词: 莴苣, 霜霉病, 杂草, 寄主专化性, 莴苣盘梗霉菌, 续断菊

Abstract:

In order to reveal the host range of pathogen causing downy mildew of two weeds Sonchus oleraceus and S. wightianus in Jinghua City, Zhejiang Province, China, pathogen was identified and its host range was determined. According to morphological characteristics, analysis of PCR amplification results using pathogen-specific primers and phylogenetic analysis based on ribosome ITS region as well as 28S and Cox2 gene sequences, pathogen was identified as Bremia lactucae. Pathogenicity tests indicated that the pathogen was able to infect its other natural hosts and cultivated varieties such as Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer and L. sativa var. ramose Hort., but not infect a known host, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, confirmed that existence of the host-specific differentiation in species B. lactucae, which was not identical to the known host range. This indicated that those two hosts might be important inoculum source for disease occurring in lettuce, highlighting the need for controlling these weeds to be an important part of controlling downy mildew, and it also provided direct evidence for the host specificity and differentiation of biotrophic B. lactucae.

Key words: Lactuca sativa, downy mildew, weed, host specificity, Bremia lactucae, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill

中图分类号:

S436.3

何晓婵, 周小军, 朱浩, 龚婉, 张敬泽, 朱丽燕. 莴苣盘梗霉菌自然寄主专化性的分化及其对莴苣的侵染性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 126-133.

HE Xiaochan, ZHOU Xiaojun, ZHU Hao, GONG Wan, ZHANG Jingze, ZHU Liyan. Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 126-133.

图/表 6

图1 莴苣霜霉菌自然寄主苦苣菜和苣荬菜的形态学特征 A、B,苦苣菜;A,幼苗的基生叶;B,花,黄色头状花序和钟状的总苞。C、D,苣荬菜;C,幼苗的基生叶;D,花,黄色头状花序和钟状的总苞。

Fig.1 Morphological characteristics of natural host Sonchus oleraceus L. and Sonchus wightianus of Bremia lactucae A and B, Sonchus oleraceus L.; A, Basal leaves at seedling stage; B, Flowers, yellow inflorescence capitula and campanulate involucre. C and D, Sonchus wightianus; C, Basal leaves at seedling stage; D. Flowers, yellow inflorescence capitula and campanulate involucre.

图2 莴苣盘梗霉菌形态学特征和致病性试验 A,孢囊梗和孢子囊,比例尺=20 μm。B,分枝末端的特征,比例尺=10 μm。C~F,接种1个月后霜霉病症状和莴苣盘梗霉产孢特征。C,苣荬菜;D,苦苣菜;E,生菜;F,莴苣。

Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of Bremia lactucae and its pathogenicity test A, Sporangiophores and sporangia, bar=20 μm. B, Characteristic of a branch end, bar=10 μm. C-F, Symptoms of downy mildew and sporulation characteristic of B. lactucae at one month after inoculation. C, Sonchus wightianus; D, Sonchus oleraceus L.; E, Lactuca sativa var. ramose Hort.; F; Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer.

图3 不同寄主莴苣霜霉菌PCR扩增产物的凝胶电泳图泳道1,莴苣病叶;泳道2,生菜病叶;泳道3~4,苦苣菜病叶;泳道5~6,苣荬菜病叶;泳道7,苦苣菜健康叶片;泳道8,苣荬菜健康叶片。M,2 000 bp DNA marker。

Fig.3 Agrose gel eletrophoresis of PCR products of Bremia lactucae from different hosts Lane 1, Diseased leaves of Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer; Lane 2, Diseased leaves of Lactuca sativa var. ramose Hort; Lanes 3-4, Diseased leaves of Sonchus oleraceus L.; Lanes 5-6, Diseased leaves of S. wightianus; Lane 7, Healthy leaves of S. oleraceus L.; Lane 8, Healthy leaves of S. wightianus. M, 2 000 bp DNA maker.

图4 二十个分类单元结合ITS、28S、cox2序列产生的最大似然(ML)树进化树的外群是Protobremia sphaesperma,仅显示50%靴带支持值的分支。JH01、JH02分别是从苦苣菜和苣荬菜叶片上分离的菌株。

Fig.4 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree generated from the combined ITS, 28S and cox2 sequences of 20 taxa The tree was rooted with Protobremia sphaesperma, clades with 50% ML bootstrap branch support values were indicated. JH01 and JH02 were species isolated from the Sonchus oleraceus L. and S. wightianus plants, respectively.

表1 莴苣盘梗霉菌寄主范围的测定结果

Table 1 Determinated results of Bremia lactucae host range

植物种 Plant species	接种结果 Result of inoculation
苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus L.	+
苣荬菜Sonchus wightianus	+
续断菊Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	-
生菜Lactuca sativa var. ramose Hort.	+
莴苣Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer	+
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum	-

图5 莴苣霜霉菌自然寄主续断菊的形态学特征 A,幼苗阶段的基生叶;B,花。

Fig.5 Morphological characteristics of natural host Sonchus asper (L.) Hill of Bremia lactucae A, Basal leaves at seedling stage; B. Flowers.

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莴苣盘梗霉菌自然寄主专化性的分化及其对莴苣的侵染性

Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce

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