基于离散元法的水稻种子参数标定与旱作排种仿真

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241129

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2376-2386.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241129

基于离散元法的水稻种子参数标定与旱作排种仿真

杨锦皓¹(), 江洁²^,³^,^*(), 刘行¹, 李福强¹

1.昆明理工大学,机电工程学院,云南昆明 650500
2.红河学院,工学院,云南红河 661199
3.红河学院高原农机机电一体化技术研究与应用工程研究中心,云南红河 661199

收稿日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
作者简介:杨锦皓(1999—),男,云南昆明人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业机械设计、结构分析。E-mail:2420465039@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*江洁,E-mail:57224911@qq.com
基金资助:
云南省高等学校工程研究中心建设项目(01610001845);云南省高校创新团队专项(01610001508);云南省高校实验室项目(01610001478)

Calibration of rice seed parameters and simulation of dry direct-seeding based on the discrete element method

YANG Jinhao¹(), JIANG Jie²^,³^,^*(), LIU Hang¹, LI Fuqiang¹

1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. School of Engineering, Honghe University, Honghe 661199, Yunnan, China
3. High Altitude Agricultural Machinery Mechatronics Technology Research and Application Engineering Research Center, Honghe University, Honghe 661199, Yunnan, China

Received:2024-12-30 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决云南地区水稻旱播作业中精量成穴与覆膜后排种的技术需求,本研究旨在设计一款与之相适应的排种器。首先,测量稻种的三轴尺寸,计算出稻种密度为1 036 kg·m^-3;使用万能试验机进行压缩试验,测得稻种的泊松比为0.30、剪切模量为108 MPa。进而,选用尼龙-66作为排种器材料,搭建物理实验台,获得稻种与尼龙-66的碰撞恢复系数为0.48、静摩擦系数为0.53、滚动摩擦系数为0.07。然后,采用离散元法建立稻种模型,并基于EDEM与Design-Expert软件对种子间接触参数进行标定,获得最优稻种间接触参数组合(碰撞恢复系数0.34、静摩擦系数0.66、滚动摩擦系数0.078)。以此为基础,设计排种器,开展排种器取种与排种过程的仿真分析,确定排种器的较优转速为90~110(°)·s^-1。采用尼龙-66材料制作排种器并搭建排种试验台进行验证。试验结果表明,该排种器在成穴性能与刺膜播种效果方面均表现良好,能够满足水稻旱播的农艺要求。

关键词: 水稻旱播, 离散元法, 参数标定, 仿真模拟, 排种器

Abstract:

To address the technical requirements for precision hill-drop seeding and post-film-mulching sowing in dry direct-seeded rice systems in Yunnan, this study aimed to design a suitable seeding device. First, the triaxial size of rice seeds was measured, and the seed density was calculated as 1 036 kg·m^-3. Compression tests conducted using a universal testing machine yielded a Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 and a shear modulus of 108 MPa for the seeds. Subsequently, Nylon-66 was selected as the seeding device material, and a physical test bench was constructed to determine the contact parameters between rice seeds and Nylon-66: collision restitution coefficient was 0.48, static friction coefficient was 0.53, and rolling friction coefficient was 0.07. Then, a discrete element model of rice seeds was established, and contact parameters between seeds were calibrated using EDEM and Design-Expert software, resulting in an optimal parameter set: collision restitution coefficient was 0.34, static friction coefficient was 0.66, and rolling friction coefficient was 0.078. Based on this, a seeding device was designed, and simulations of the seed pickup and discharge processes were performed, identifying an optimal rotational speed range of 90-110(°)·s^-1. A seeding device made of Nylon-66 was fabricated and tested on a seeding bench. The results demonstrated that the seeding device performs well in both hill-forming and film-mulching sowing effects, meeting the agronomic requirements for dry direct-seeded rice.

Key words: dry direct-seeded rice, discrete element method, parameter calibration, simulation, seeding device

中图分类号:

杨锦皓, 江洁, 刘行, 李福强. 基于离散元法的水稻种子参数标定与旱作排种仿真[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2376-2386.

YANG Jinhao, JIANG Jie, LIU Hang, LI Fuqiang. Calibration of rice seed parameters and simulation of dry direct-seeding based on the discrete element method[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2376-2386.

图/表 22

表1 稻种的三轴尺寸

Table 1 Triaxial size of rice seeds mm

尺寸 Size	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average value
长Length	9.72	8.44	9.18
宽Width	2.90	2.46	2.66
厚Thickness	2.24	1.70	2.00

图1 万能试验机单轴压缩试验图 1,万能试验机平板压头;2,试验稻种。

Fig.1 Uniaxial compression test of universal testing machine 1, The flat test head of the universal testing machine; 2, Test rice seed.

图2 斜面碰撞试验台 1为尼龙倾斜板;2为铺沙接板。

Fig.2 Inclined plane crash test bench 1 is a nylon inclined plate; 2 is a sand-laying plate.

图3 静摩擦系数试验台 1为倾角仪;2为稻种;3为尼龙板;θ为稻种滑动时倾角仪角度。

Fig.3 Test bench for coefficient of static friction 1 is the inclinometer; 2 is the rice seed; 3 is the nylon plate; θ is the angle of the inclinometer when the rice seed slides.

图4 滚动摩擦因素试验台 1为倾角仪;2为尼龙板;3为稻种球。Y代表稻种球初始高度;X代表稻种球在斜板上滚动的位移;L代表稻种球在平板上滚动的位移;β代表斜板倾角,(°)。

Fig.4 Rolling friction factor test bench 1 is the inclinometer; 2 is the nylon plate; 3 is the rice seed ball. Y denotes the initial height of the rice seed ball; X indicates the displacement of the rice seed ball rolling on the inclined plate; L represents the displacement of the rice seed ball rolling on the flat plate; β denotes the inclination angle of the inclined plate, (°).

图5 堆积试验台 1为漏斗;2为稻种堆;3为尼龙板。

Fig.5 Stacking test bench 1 is the funnel; 2 is the rice seed pile; 3 is the nylon plate.

图6 稻种堆积与图像处理

Fig.6 Accumulation of rice seeds and image processing

表2 堆积角度表

Table 2 Stacking angle table

序号 No.	左侧角度 Left side angle/(°)	右侧角度 Right side angle/(°)
1	32.28	32.17
2	32.52	32.65
3	31.84	31.45
4	31.52	32.58
5	32.24	32.92
6	32.16	29.91
7	32.00	31.70
8	30.84	32.48
9	32.63	32.26
10	31.23	31.70
平均Average	31.93	31.98

图7 稻种模型

Fig.7 Rice seed model

图8 堆积仿真试验台

Fig.8 Stacking simulation test bench

表3 B-P筛选试验参数

Table 3 Plackett-Burman test parameters

参数 Parameter	低水平(-1) Low(-1)	高水平(+1) High(+1)
X₁	0.30	0.80
X₂	0.25	0.80
X₃	0.30	0.13
X₄	0.30	0.60
X₅	0.30	0.75
X₆	0.01	0.15

表4 B-P筛选试验与结果

Table 4 Plackett-Burman tests and results

序号No.	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	ϑ/(°)
1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	8.16
2	1	1	-1	1	1	1	38.21
3	1	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	33.24
4	-1	1	1	1	-1	-1	13.26
5	1	1	-1	-1.	-1	1	27.53
6	1	1	1	-1	-1	-1	17.58
7	-1	1	1	-1	1	1	40.93
8	1	-1	1	1	1	-1	21.15
9	-1	-1	1	-1	1	1	37.93
10	1	-1	1	1	-1	1	19.07
11	-1	1	-1	1	1	-1	26.34
12	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	1	14.83

表5 B-P筛选试验参数的显著性分析

Table 5 Significance analysis of Plackett-Burman test parameters

参数 Parameter	效应 Effect	均方和 Sum of square	影响率 Impact rate/%	显著性排序 Sgnificant sorting
X₁	2.555 00	19.584 10	1.475 27	5
X₂	4.911 67	72.373 40	5.451 91	4
X₃	0.268 333	0.216 00	0.016 27	6
X₄	-5.418 33	88.075 00	6.634 71	3
X₅	16.228 30	790.076 00	59.576 70	1
X₆	9.795 00	287.826 00	21.682 00	2

表6 最陡爬坡试验

Table 6 Steepest climb test

序号No.	X₄	X₅	X₆	ϑ/(°)	ξ /%
1	0.65	0.25	0.02	13.17	58.79
2	0.55	0.4	0.04	23.34	26.95
3	0.45	0.55	0.06	27.21	14.85
4	0.35	0.70	0.08	31.71	0.75
5	0.25	0.85	0.10	35.18	10.09

表7 响应面(B-B)试验设计方案与结果

Table 7 Box-Behnken trial design and results

序号No.	X₄	X₅	X₆	ϑ /(°)	ξ /%
1	0	1	1	34.26	7.23
2	0	-1	1	32.26	2.18
3	1	0.	1	32.57	1.94
4	1	1	0	33.71	5.49
5	0	1	-1	31.64	0.99
6	-1	1	0	34.01	6.43
7	0	0	0	32.14	0.59
8	1	-1	0	29.57	7.46
9	-1	0	1	34.57	8.18
10	0	0	0	32.74	2.47
11	-1	-1	0	31.84	0.36
12	0	0	0	31.51	1.39
13	-1	0	-1	30.06	5.93
14	0	-1	-1	27.33	14.46
15	0	0	0	31.66	0.91
16	1	0	-1	29.98	6.17
17	0	0	0	32.18	0.70

表8 响应面(B-B)试验模型方差分析

Table 8 Analysis of variance of the Box-Behnken test model

来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	p值 p value
模型Model	54.510 0	9	6.060 0	<0.000 1
X₄	2.700 0	1	2.700 0	0.003 4
X₅	19.910 0	1	19.910 0	<0.000 1
X₆	26.830 0	1	26.830 0	<0.000 1
X₄X₅	0.970 2	1	0.970 2	0.035 1
X₄X₆	0.921 6	1	0.921 6	0.038 7
X₅X₆	1.330 0	1	1.330 0	0.018 4
$X 42$	0.457 1	1	0.457 1	0.116 8
$X 52$	0.036 4	1	0.036 4	0.629 1
$X 62$	1.420 0	1	1.420 0	0.016 1
残差Residual	1.000 0	7
失拟项Lack of fit	0.055 3	3	0.078 1	0.968 5
纯误差Pure error	0.944 7	4	0.236 2
总和Cor total	55.510 0	16

表8 响应面(B-B)试验模型方差分析

Table 8 Analysis of variance of the Box-Behnken test model

来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	p值 p value
模型Model	54.510 0	9	6.060 0	<0.000 1
X₄	2.700 0	1	2.700 0	0.003 4
X₅	19.910 0	1	19.910 0	<0.000 1
X₆	26.830 0	1	26.830 0	<0.000 1
X₄X₅	0.970 2	1	0.970 2	0.035 1
X₄X₆	0.921 6	1	0.921 6	0.038 7
X₅X₆	1.330 0	1	1.330 0	0.018 4
$X 42$	0.457 1	1	0.457 1	0.116 8
$X 52$	0.036 4	1	0.036 4	0.629 1
$X 62$	1.420 0	1	1.420 0	0.016 1
残差Residual	1.000 0	7
失拟项Lack of fit	0.055 3	3	0.078 1	0.968 5
纯误差Pure error	0.944 7	4	0.236 2
总和Cor total	55.510 0	16

图9 排种器零件 1,凸轮;2,外壳;3,取种盘;4,刺膜引导管。

Fig.9 Parts of the seeding device 1, Cam; 2, Shell; 3, Seed tray; 4, Membrane guide tube.

图10 排种器仿真 a,充种过程;b,取种过程;c,投种过程。

Fig.10 Seeding device simulation a, Seed charging process; b, Seed picking process; c, Seed delivery process.

表9 取种槽优化仿真试验

Table 9 Optimization simulation test of seed trough

尺寸 Size/mm	取种速度 Seed retrieval speed/[(°)·s^-1]	合格穴率 Qualified rate/%
9.5	60	68
	90	71
	120	74
9.7	60	76
	90	81
	120	83
1.0	60	70
	90	73
	120	73

表10 排种仿真结果

Table 10 Seeding simulation results

取种速度 Seed retrieval speed/ [(°)·s^-1]	2粒稻种穴占比 Proportion of 2-seed holes/%	合格穴占比 Proportion of qualified holes/%	6粒稻种穴占比 Proportion of 6-seed holes/%
60	2	75	23
90	5	81	15
110	7	84	9
120	12	82	6

图11 排种器试验台 1,排种器;2,地膜;3,土层。

Fig.11 Seeding device test bench 1, Seed device; 2, Mulch film; 3, Soil layer.

表11 排种试验结果

Table 11 Results of seed row experiment

取种速度 Seed retrieval speed/[(°)·s^-1]	合格穴率 Qualified rate/%	刺膜合格率 Puncture pass rate/%
90	83	95
100	86	93
110	86	90

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基于离散元法的水稻种子参数标定与旱作排种仿真

Calibration of rice seed parameters and simulation of dry direct-seeding based on the discrete element method

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