丝瓜种子形态多样性评价及其核糖体失活蛋白含量比较

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250696

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1563-1573.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250696

丝瓜种子形态多样性评价及其核糖体失活蛋白含量比较

穆好鑫¹^,²(), 陈潇琪², 方萍萍¹^,², 李朝森², 韦静², 王雪艳², 张婷², 杨立飞¹^,^*(), 赵东风²^,^*()

¹ 南京农业大学园艺学院, 江苏南京 211800
² 衢州市农业林业科学研究院蔬菜研究所, 浙江衢州 324000

收稿日期:2025-11-11 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-09-14
作者简介:穆好鑫,研究方向为蔬菜作物遗传育种及胁迫响应机理。E-mail:2023804293@stu.njau.edu.cn
通讯作者: *杨立飞,E-mail:lfy@njau.edu.cn;赵东风,E-mail:zhaodongfengzhang@163.com
基金资助:
衢州市科技计划项目(2025K177);衢州市科技计划项目(2024K063);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2025M773722)

Evaluation of the morphological diversity of Luffa seeds and comparison of the contents of ribosome-inactivating proteins

MU Haoxin¹^,²(), CHEN Xiaoqi², FANG Pingping¹^,², LI Chaosen², WEI Jing², WANG Xueyan², ZHANG Ting², YANG Lifei¹^,^*(), ZHAO Dongfeng²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 211800, China
² Vegetable Research Institute, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-11-11 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-09-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究丝瓜种子形态多样性及其与核糖体失活蛋白含量的关系,本研究通过对国内外收集的175份普通丝瓜和49份有棱丝瓜种质的长度、宽度、长宽比、周长、面积、厚度、百粒重和种子颜色共8个种子性状进行分析,并基于颜色和聚类结果随机测定了其中21份丝瓜种子的核糖体失活蛋白含量。结果表明,普通丝瓜颜色为黑色的种质最多,占比80.57%,有棱丝瓜均为黑色。数量性状中,普通丝瓜宽度和百粒重的变异系数最高,长宽比的变异系数最低。有棱丝瓜的百粒重和周长的变异系数分别为最高和最低。相关分析表明,2个种质的种子长度、周长、面积和百粒重之间均存在极显著(p<0.01)正相关。逐步回归分析表明,2个种质的面积和厚度可解释其种子百粒重50.0%以上的变异。主成分分析和聚类分析不仅进一步揭示了各形态性状间的相关性,且将普通丝瓜划分为4个组,将有棱丝瓜划分为3个组。有棱丝瓜的核糖体失活蛋白含量显著(p<0.05)高于普通丝瓜,但在同一种质不同群组间无显著差异。此外,着色深的丝瓜种子核糖体失活蛋白含量较白色种子含量高。本研究结果可为丝瓜种质资源的评价、保护与创新利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 丝瓜, 种子, 形态多样性, 主成分分析, 逐步回归, 核糖体失活蛋白

Abstract:

To investigate seed morphological diversity in Luffa and its relationship with ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) content, this study analyzed eight seed traits—length, width, length-to-width ratio, circumference, area, thickness, hundred-seed weight, and color—of 175 Luffa cylindrica and 49 Luffa acutangula germplasm collected domestically and internationally. Based on seed color and clustering results, the RIP content of seeds from 21 randomly selected Luffa germplasm was subsequently determined. The results showed that most Luffa cylindrica germplasm had black seeds, accounting for 80.57% of the total, while all Luffa acutangula germplasm exhibited black seeds. Among the quantitative traits, seed width and hundred-seed weight showed the highest coefficients of variation in Luffa cylindrica, while the length-to-width ratio showed the lowest. For Luffa acutangula, hundred-seed weight and circumference had the highest and lowest coefficients of variation, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed extremely significantly (p<0.01) positive correlations among seed length, circumference, area and hundred-seed weight in both Luffa cylindrica and Luffa acutangula. Stepwise regression analysis further indicated that seed area and thickness together explained more than 50.0% of the variation in hundred-seed weight in both species. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis not only clarified the correlations among morphological traits but also classified Luffa cylindrica into four groups and Luffa acutangula into three groups. The RIP content in the Luffa acutangula was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the Luffa cylindrica, but no significant difference was observed among different groups of the same germplasm. Additionally, darker-colored Luffa seeds contained higher RIP contents than white ones. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the evaluation, conservation, and innovative utilization of Luffa germplasm resources.

Key words: Luffa, seed, morphological diversity, principal component analysis, stepwise regression analysis, ribosome-inactivating protein

中图分类号:

S642.4

穆好鑫, 陈潇琪, 方萍萍, 李朝森, 韦静, 王雪艳, 张婷, 杨立飞, 赵东风. 丝瓜种子形态多样性评价及其核糖体失活蛋白含量比较[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(8): 1563-1573.

MU Haoxin, CHEN Xiaoqi, FANG Pingping, LI Chaosen, WEI Jing, WANG Xueyan, ZHANG Ting, YANG Lifei, ZHAO Dongfeng. Evaluation of the morphological diversity of Luffa seeds and comparison of the contents of ribosome-inactivating proteins[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1563-1573.

图/表 12

参考文献 26

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种质 Germplasm	指标 Index	长度/mm Length/mm	宽度/mm Width/mm	长宽比 Length-to- width ratio	周长/mm Circumference/ mm	面积/mm² Area/mm²	厚度/mm Thickness/mm	百粒重/g Hundred-seed weight/g
普通丝瓜 Luffa cylindrica	平均值Average value	11.93	7.59	1.57	30.34	58.74	2.68	11.06
	最大值Maximum	14.6	9.33	1.98	56.51	81.06	3.69	15.60
	最小值Minimum	9.46	5.38	1.30	23.05	35.59	1.91	6.20
	变异系数/% CV/%	7.30	14.58	6.23	10.03	13.87	7.81	14.58
有棱丝瓜 Luffa acutangula	平均值Average value	12.58	7.51	1.68	29.42	53.98	3.25	15.22
	最大值Maximum	14.62	8.74	1.99	32.25	65.14	3.70	19.21
	最小值Minimum	10.92	6.58	1.48	26.20	42.15	2.82	9.76
	变异系数/% CV/%	5.92	6.05	7.57	4.83	9.15	7.35	14.73

种质 Germplasm	指标 Index	长度/mm Length/mm	宽度/mm Width/mm	长宽比 Length-to- width ratio	周长/mm Circumference/ mm	面积/mm² Area/mm²	厚度/mm Thickness/mm	百粒重/g Hundred-seed weight/g
普通丝瓜 Luffa cylindrica	平均值Average value	11.93	7.59	1.57	30.34	58.74	2.68	11.06
	最大值Maximum	14.6	9.33	1.98	56.51	81.06	3.69	15.60
	最小值Minimum	9.46	5.38	1.30	23.05	35.59	1.91	6.20
	变异系数/% CV/%	7.30	14.58	6.23	10.03	13.87	7.81	14.58
有棱丝瓜 Luffa acutangula	平均值Average value	12.58	7.51	1.68	29.42	53.98	3.25	15.22
	最大值Maximum	14.62	8.74	1.99	32.25	65.14	3.70	19.21
	最小值Minimum	10.92	6.58	1.48	26.20	42.15	2.82	9.76
	变异系数/% CV/%	5.92	6.05	7.57	4.83	9.15	7.35	14.73

性状 Trait	长度 Length	宽度 Width	长宽比 Length-to-width ratio	周长 Circumference	面积 Area	厚度 Thickness
宽度Width	0.635^**
长宽比Length-to-width ratio	0.442^**	-0.407^**
周长Circumference	0.555^**	0.487^**	0.084
面积Area	0.791^**	0.731^**	0.081	0.704^**
厚度Thickness	0.155^*	0.043	0.162^*	0.046	-0.030
百粒重Hundred-seed weight	0.641^**	0.588^**	0.071	0.555^**	0.727^**	0.100

性状 Trait	长度 Length	宽度 Width	长宽比 Length-to-width ratio	周长 Circumference	面积 Area	厚度 Thickness
宽度Width	0.635^**
长宽比Length-to-width ratio	0.442^**	-0.407^**
周长Circumference	0.555^**	0.487^**	0.084
面积Area	0.791^**	0.731^**	0.081	0.704^**
厚度Thickness	0.155^*	0.043	0.162^*	0.046	-0.030
百粒重Hundred-seed weight	0.641^**	0.588^**	0.071	0.555^**	0.727^**	0.100

性状 Trait	长度 Length	宽度 Width	长宽比 Length-to-width ratio	周长 Circumference	面积 Area	厚度 Thickness
宽度Width	0.215
长宽比Length-to-width ratio	0.616^**	-0.635^**
周长Circumference	0.738^**	0.586^**	0.109
面积Area	0.718^**	0.710^**	-0.003	0.911^**
厚度Thickness	0.328^*	0.205	0.111	0.340^*	0.312^*
百粒重Hundred-seed weight	0.514^**	0.551^**	-0.035	0.581^**	0.679^**	0.464^**

丝瓜种子形态多样性评价及其核糖体失活蛋白含量比较

Evaluation of the morphological diversity of Luffa seeds and comparison of the contents of ribosome-inactivating proteins

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参考文献 26

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性状 Trait	各性状均值Mean values of each trait				F值 F value	p值 p value
性状 Trait	Ⅰ(n=51)	Ⅱ(n=44)	Ⅲ(n=45)	Ⅳ(n=35)	F值 F value	p值 p value
长度Length	12.31±0.32	11.06±0.55	11.52±0.50	12.98±0.68	110.613	<0.001
宽度Width	7.51±0.21	6.99±0.41	7.83±0.31	8.16±0.42	85.191	<0.001
长宽比Length-to-width ratio	1.64±0.05	1.59±0.10	1.47±0.06	1.59±0.09	41.520	<0.001
周长Circumference	30.53±1.00	27.61±1.60	30.02±1.04	33.94±4.26	54.446	<0.001
面积Area	59.83±3.64	49.25±5.20	58.53±3.94	69.34±5.64	126.291	<0.001
百粒重Hundred-seed weight	11.23±0.98	9.46±1.17	10.90±0.95	13.01±1.31	68.807	<0.001

性状 Trait	各性状均值Mean values of each trait			F值 F value	p值 p value
性状 Trait	Ⅰ(n=14)	Ⅱ(n=18)	Ⅲ(n=17)	F值 F value	p值 p value
长度Length	13.24±0.61	12.02±0.46	12.63±0.63	18.282	<0.001
宽度Width	7.99±0.32	7.30±0.37	7.33±0.33	19.555	<0.001
周长Circumference	31.01±0.68	28.26±0.99	29.32±0.96	36.613	<0.001
面积Area	59.92±2.29	49.48±3.35	53.85±2.86	50.784	<0.001
厚度Thickness	3.35±0.21	3.05±0.16	3.37±0.20	15.248	<0.001
百粒重Hundred-seed weight	17.59±0.91	13.36±1.90	15.24±1.33	32.358	<0.001

指标 Index	回归系数 Regression coefficient	95% CI	共线性诊断Collinearity diagnostics
指标 Index	回归系数 Regression coefficient	95% CI	VIF	容忍度Tolerance
常数Constant	0.041(0.033)	-2.405~2.487	—	—
面积Area	0.145^**(14.188)	0.125~0.165	1.001	0.999
厚度Thickness	0.939^*(2.365)	0.155~1.723	1.001	0.999

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