乡村振兴背景下农业经营组织雇佣的减贫效应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.20

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1529-1541.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.20

乡村振兴背景下农业经营组织雇佣的减贫效应

鲍洪杰¹^,²(), 王亦龙¹, 崔许锋²^,^*()

1.西北民族大学管理学院,甘肃兰州 730124
2.中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉 430073

收稿日期:2020-12-15 出版日期:2021-08-25 发布日期:2021-08-27
通讯作者: 崔许锋
作者简介:*崔许锋,E-mail: cxf@zuel.edu.cn
鲍洪杰(1980—),男,湖北荆州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为技术经济管理。E-mail: baohongjie88@126.com
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(20YJC850001);甘肃省高校民族信息电子商务重点实验室开放项目(2020-2);西北民族大学中央高校项目(31920190120)

Poverty reduction effect of employment by agricultural management organizations under rural revitalization

BAO Hongjie¹^,²(), WANG Yilong¹, CUI Xufeng²^,^*()

1. School of Management, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
2. School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China

Received:2020-12-15 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-08-27
Contact: CUI Xufeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于乡村振兴视角,使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用内生转换Probit(ESP)模型,在反事实框架下分析了农业经营组织雇佣对农户多维相对贫困的处理效应。结果表明:农户的受雇状况(是否接受农业经营组织雇佣)对其多维相对贫困发生概率在1%水平上具有显著负向处理效应。基于反事实假设下,若接受雇佣的农户未被雇佣,其多维相对贫困的发生概率将上升19.4%;若不接受雇佣的农户被农业经营组织雇佣,其多维相对贫困的发生概率将降低6.1%。样本总体的处理效应为-0.096,表明如果农户接受农业经营组织雇佣,其多维贫困的发生概率将降低9.6%。从群组差异性来看,对于那些学历水平较高、家庭农业劳动力比例高、签订劳动合同的农户而言,农业经营组织雇佣的减贫效应更为明显。据此,从产业振兴、人才振兴、组织振兴视角提出激励农业经营组织增加雇佣机会、强化农户农业技能培训、改善利益联结方式等增强农户反贫困能力的对策建议。

关键词: 农业经营组织雇佣, 多维相对贫困, 内生转换回归模型

Abstract:

Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data and endogenous switching Probit (ESP) model, the inhibitory effect of employment by agricultural management organbizations on farmers’ multi-dimensional relative poverty was analyzed under counterfactual framework from the perspective of rural revitalization. It was shown that the employment status(whether employed or not by agricultural management organizations) had a significant (P<0.01) negative effect on the multi-dimensional relative poverty probability. Under the counterfactual assumption, the probability of multi-dimensional relative poverty would be increased by 19.4% if the employed farmers were not employed by agricultural management organizations. Meanwhile,the probability of multi-dimensional relative poverty would be decreased by 6.1% if the unemployed farmers were employed by agricultural management organizations. The overall treatment effect was -0.096, indicating that if farmers were employed by agricultural management organizitions, the probability of multi-dimensional relative poverty would be decreased by 9.6%.From the perspective of group differences, the poverty reduction effect was higher on those with higher education level, higher proportion of household agricultural labor force, or contract signed. Accordingly, countermeasures were put forward inluding encouraging agricultural management organizations to increase employment opportunities, strengthening farmers’ skills training, improving the way of interest connection.

Key words: employment by agricultural business organization, multi-dimensional relative poverty, endogenous switching Probit model

中图分类号:

S-9
F304.8

鲍洪杰, 王亦龙, 崔许锋. 乡村振兴背景下农业经营组织雇佣的减贫效应[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(8): 1529-1541.

BAO Hongjie, WANG Yilong, CUI Xufeng. Poverty reduction effect of employment by agricultural management organizations under rural revitalization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(8): 1529-1541.

图/表 6

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维度Dimensions	指标Indicator	临界值Threshold
教育 Education	受教育程度 Level of education	家庭成员平均受教育程度小于9年,赋值1 The average education time of family members is less than 9 years, assignment of 1
健康 Health	健康程度 Health level	家庭成员存在重大疾病的,赋值1 There is at least one family member suffered with major illness, assignment of 1
	新型农村合作医疗 New rural cooperative medical care	没有参与新型农村合作医疗,赋值1 Not participated in new rural cooperative medical care, assignment of 1
生活水平 Standard of living	做饭燃料 Cooking fuel	常用的做饭燃料是柴草或煤炭,赋值1 The cooking fuel is firewood or coal, assignment of 1
	清洁饮用水 Clean drinking water	不使用自来水和纯净水的,赋值为1 No use of tap water or purified water, assignment of 1
	住房 Housing	人均住房面积不超过12 m²,赋值为1 The per capita housing area is no bigger than 12 m², assignment of 1
	家庭电费 Household electricity bill	家庭每月总电费小于150元,则设置为1 If the total monthly household electricity bill is less than 150 yuan, assignment of 1
收入 Income	人均收入 Per capita income	人均年收入低于2 300元(以2010年为不变价格计),赋值1 The per capita annual income is less than 2 300 yuan (at constant price in 2010), assignment of 1

维度Dimensions	指标Indicator	临界值Threshold
教育 Education	受教育程度 Level of education	家庭成员平均受教育程度小于9年,赋值1 The average education time of family members is less than 9 years, assignment of 1
健康 Health	健康程度 Health level	家庭成员存在重大疾病的,赋值1 There is at least one family member suffered with major illness, assignment of 1
	新型农村合作医疗 New rural cooperative medical care	没有参与新型农村合作医疗,赋值1 Not participated in new rural cooperative medical care, assignment of 1
生活水平 Standard of living	做饭燃料 Cooking fuel	常用的做饭燃料是柴草或煤炭,赋值1 The cooking fuel is firewood or coal, assignment of 1
	清洁饮用水 Clean drinking water	不使用自来水和纯净水的,赋值为1 No use of tap water or purified water, assignment of 1
	住房 Housing	人均住房面积不超过12 m²,赋值为1 The per capita housing area is no bigger than 12 m², assignment of 1
	家庭电费 Household electricity bill	家庭每月总电费小于150元,则设置为1 If the total monthly household electricity bill is less than 150 yuan, assignment of 1
收入 Income	人均收入 Per capita income	人均年收入低于2 300元(以2010年为不变价格计),赋值1 The per capita annual income is less than 2 300 yuan (at constant price in 2010), assignment of 1

指标 Indicator	说明 Interpretation	平均值 Mean	标准误 Standard deviation	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maxmum
多维相对贫困状态 Multi-dimensional relative poverty status	1,贫困;0,非贫困 1, Poverty; 0, Non-poverty	0.891	0.311	0	1
受雇状况 Employment status	1,受雇;0,自家农业生产经营 1, Employed; 0, Self-employed	0.292	0.455	0	1
年龄Age	岁数Age	50.59	14.71	15	87
年龄平方Square of age	岁数的平方Square of age	2776	1447	225	7 569
性别Gender	0,女;1,男 0, Female; 1, Male	0.526	0.499	0	1
政治面貌 Political outlook	0,非党员;1,党员 0, Not party member; 1, Party member	4.633	0.492	0	1
学历水平 Education level	1,文盲/半文盲;2,小学;3,初中;4,高中; 5,大学专科;6,大学本科;7,硕士 1, Illiteracy;2, Primary School; 3, Junior high School; 4, High school; 5, Junior college; 6, Undergraduate; 7, Master	2.277	1.204	1	7
人际关系 Relationships	0,拒绝回答;1~2,不清楚;3~4,一般;5~6,较好; 7~8,比较好;9~10,非常好 0, Refused to answer; 1-2,Not clear; 3-4, General; 5-6, Good; 7-8,Better;9-10, Excellent	7.084	2.071	3	10
家庭人口数Number of households	家庭人口数量 Number of households	2.413	1.238	1	9
家庭农业收入比重 Proportion of household agricultural income	1,≤20%;2,21%~40%;3,41%-60%; 4,61%~80%;5,>80%	2.621	1.644	1	5
家庭农业劳动力比例 Proportion of household agricultural labor force	家庭从事农业人口数与总人口数之比 Proportion of agricultural labor force in households	0.489	0.206	0	1
房屋价值 Market price of real estate	居所当前市场总价的自然对数值 Logarithm on the market price of real estate	1.973	1.295	0	5.011
工作收入满意度 Job income satisfaction	1~5,非常不满意~非常满意 1-5,Very dissatisfied to very satisfied	3.354	1.163	1	5
工作时间满意度 Job time satisfaction	1~5,非常不满意~非常满意 1-5,Very dissatisfied to very satisfied	3.723	1.032	1	5
是否签订合同 Contract status	1,签订;0,未签订 1, Contract signed; 0, No contract signed	0.115	0.319	0	1
土地转出 Transfer of land	1,土地转出;0,土地未转出 1, Land transferred; 0, No land transferred	0.134	0.341	0	1
距县城距离Distance from county	距本县县城距离 Distance from county/km	53.707	43.26	10	100
东部地区Eastern region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.254	0.435	0	1
中部地区Central region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.240	0.427	0	1
东北地区Northeast region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.130	0.337	0	1
西部地区Western region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.376	0.484	0	1

指标 Indicator	说明 Interpretation	平均值 Mean	标准误 Standard deviation	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maxmum
多维相对贫困状态 Multi-dimensional relative poverty status	1,贫困;0,非贫困 1, Poverty; 0, Non-poverty	0.891	0.311	0	1
受雇状况 Employment status	1,受雇;0,自家农业生产经营 1, Employed; 0, Self-employed	0.292	0.455	0	1
年龄Age	岁数Age	50.59	14.71	15	87
年龄平方Square of age	岁数的平方Square of age	2776	1447	225	7 569
性别Gender	0,女;1,男 0, Female; 1, Male	0.526	0.499	0	1
政治面貌 Political outlook	0,非党员;1,党员 0, Not party member; 1, Party member	4.633	0.492	0	1
学历水平 Education level	1,文盲/半文盲;2,小学;3,初中;4,高中; 5,大学专科;6,大学本科;7,硕士 1, Illiteracy;2, Primary School; 3, Junior high School; 4, High school; 5, Junior college; 6, Undergraduate; 7, Master	2.277	1.204	1	7
人际关系 Relationships	0,拒绝回答;1~2,不清楚;3~4,一般;5~6,较好; 7~8,比较好;9~10,非常好 0, Refused to answer; 1-2,Not clear; 3-4, General; 5-6, Good; 7-8,Better;9-10, Excellent	7.084	2.071	3	10
家庭人口数Number of households	家庭人口数量 Number of households	2.413	1.238	1	9
家庭农业收入比重 Proportion of household agricultural income	1,≤20%;2,21%~40%;3,41%-60%; 4,61%~80%;5,>80%	2.621	1.644	1	5
家庭农业劳动力比例 Proportion of household agricultural labor force	家庭从事农业人口数与总人口数之比 Proportion of agricultural labor force in households	0.489	0.206	0	1
房屋价值 Market price of real estate	居所当前市场总价的自然对数值 Logarithm on the market price of real estate	1.973	1.295	0	5.011
工作收入满意度 Job income satisfaction	1~5,非常不满意~非常满意 1-5,Very dissatisfied to very satisfied	3.354	1.163	1	5
工作时间满意度 Job time satisfaction	1~5,非常不满意~非常满意 1-5,Very dissatisfied to very satisfied	3.723	1.032	1	5
是否签订合同 Contract status	1,签订;0,未签订 1, Contract signed; 0, No contract signed	0.115	0.319	0	1
土地转出 Transfer of land	1,土地转出;0,土地未转出 1, Land transferred; 0, No land transferred	0.134	0.341	0	1
距县城距离Distance from county	距本县县城距离 Distance from county/km	53.707	43.26	10	100
东部地区Eastern region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.254	0.435	0	1
中部地区Central region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.240	0.427	0	1
东北地区Northeast region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.130	0.337	0	1
西部地区Western region	1,是;0,不是 1, Yes;0, No	0.376	0.484	0	1

变量 Variable	受雇状况 Employment status	多维相对贫困状态 Multi-dimensional relative poverty status
变量 Variable	受雇状况 Employment status	接受雇佣Employed	不接受非雇佣Unemployed
年龄Age	-0.017(0.013)	-0.039(0.025)	-0.072^***(0.023)
年龄平方Square of age	<-0.001^*(<0.001)	<0.001(<0.001)	0.001^***(<0.001)
性别Gender	-0.021(0.057)	-0.135(0.102)	-0.032(0.084)
政治面貌Political outlook	-0.013(0.022)	0.011(0.036)	-0.026(0.032)
学历水平Education level	0.157^***(0.014)	-0.323^***(0.029)	-0.368^***(0.020)
人际关系Relationships	0.007(0.030)	-0.005(0.055)	0.008(0.048)
家庭人口数Number of households	0.024(0.023)	0.249^***(0.044)	0.114^***(0.037)
家庭农业收入比重Proportion of household agricultural income	-0.227^***(0.021)	0.136^***(0.051)	-0.018(0.031)
家庭农业劳动力比例	-0.002^*(0.001)	<-0.001(0.002)	<-0.001(0.002)
Proportion of household agricultural labor force
房屋价值Market price of reale state	0.033(0.022)	-0.216^***(0.039)	-0.188^***(0.035)
工作收入满意度Job income satisfaction	0.172^***(0.028)	-0.056(0.065)	-0.125^***(0.042)
工作时间满意度Job time satisfaction	0.122^***(0.030)	0.011(0.056)	0.007(0.046)
是否签订合同Contract status	2.112^***(0.145)	0.096(0.237)	0.912^*(0.518)
土地转出Transfer of land	0.284^***(0.074)	—	—
距县城距离Distance from county	0.002^***(0.001)	—	—
常数项Constant	0.755^*(0.398)	2.317^***(0.747)	4.766^***(0.671)
ρ₁	0.186(0.252)
ρ₀	0.587^**(0.193)
方程独立性检验Equation independence test	5.87^**

乡村振兴背景下农业经营组织雇佣的减贫效应

Poverty reduction effect of employment by agricultural management organizations under rural revitalization

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样本 Sample	被雇佣 Employed	未被雇佣 Unemployed	ATT (n=946)	ATU (n=2 556)	ATE (n=3 502)	边际效应Marginal effect(n=3 502)
接受雇佣农户Employed	0.781	0.975	-0.194^***(0.005)	—	—	—
不接受雇佣农户Unemployed	0.875	0.936	—	-0.061^***(0.002)	—	—
全部样本All	0.852	0.948	—	—	-0.096^***(0.002)	-0.024^**(0.086)

变量 Variable	递归三元Probit模型 Recursive ternary Probit model(n=3 502)		似不相关回归Sur模型 Seemingly unrelated Sur regression(n=3 502)
变量 Variable	第一阶段Phase Ⅰ	第二阶段Phase Ⅱ	第一阶段Phase Ⅰ	第二阶段Phase Ⅱ
土地转出Transfer of land	0.287^***(0.074)	—	0.068^***(0.016)	—
距县城距离Distance from county	-0.001^***(0.001)	—	-0.001^***(0.001)	—
受雇状况Employment status	—	-0.643^**(0.295)	—	-0.325^**(0.149)
常数项Constant	0.590(0.395)	4.060^***(0.502)	0.824^***(0.081)	1.328^**(0.140)

样本类别 Sample category			被雇佣 Employed	未被雇佣 Unemployed	ATT	ATU
学历水平 Education level	小于均值 Less than average	接受雇佣农户 Employed	0.850	0.997	-0.147^***	—
		不接受雇佣农户 Unemployed	0.997	0.977	—	0.020^***
	大于均值 More than average	接受雇佣农户 Employed	0.721	0.991	-0.270^***	—
		不接受雇佣农户 Unemployed	0.788	0.864	—	-0.076^***
家庭农业劳动力比例 Proportion of household agricultural labor force	小于均值 Less than average	接受雇佣农户 Employed	0.793	0.971	-0.178^***	—
		不接受雇佣农户 Unemployed	0.945	0.928	—	0.017^***
	大于均值 More than average	接受雇佣农户 Employed	0.788	0.975	-0.187^***	—
		不接受雇佣农户 Unemployed	0.853	0.947	—	-0.094^***
是否签订合同 Contract status	小于均值 Less than average	接受雇佣农户 Employed	0.828	0.974	-0.146^***	—
		不接受雇佣农户 Unemployed	0.966	0.939	—	0.027^***
	大于均值 More than average	接受雇佣农户 Employed	0.721	0.901	-0.180^***	—
		不接受雇佣农户 Unemployed	0.764	0.996	—	-0.232^***

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