老龄化、种植目的与稻农化学农药减量

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.22

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2789-2799.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.22

老龄化、种植目的与稻农化学农药减量

刘恩玲¹^,²^,³(), 罗小锋¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 杜三峡¹^,²^,³, 闫阿倩¹^,²^,³, 王祥礼¹^,²^,³

1.华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉 430070
2.湖北农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉 430070
3.湖北生态文明建设研究院,湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2022-02-26 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: 罗小锋
作者简介:*罗小锋,E-mail: luoxiaofeng@mail.hzau.edu.cn
刘恩玲(1995—),女,湖北恩施人,土家族,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业资源环境经济。E-mail: 2426148315@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(72073048);国家社会科学基金(20AZD091);华中农业大学自主科技创新基金(2021XCZX12)

Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction

LIU Enling¹^,²^,³(), LUO Xiaofeng¹^,²^,³^,^*(), DU Sanxia¹^,²^,³, YAN Aqian¹^,²^,³, WANG Xiangli¹^,²^,³

1. College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Institute of Hubei Ecological Civilization Construction, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2022-02-26 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: LUO Xiaofeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化学农药减量是促进农业绿色发展和保障农产品质量安全的重要途径。为此,基于湖北省和江西省613户水稻种植户的微观调研数据,实证检验老龄化、种植目的对农户化学农药减量行为的影响,并论证种植目的在老龄化对化学农药减量行为影响上的调节作用。研究发现:老龄化显著阻碍了农户的化学农药减量,但以自给为主要种植目的的稻农更倾向于减少化学农药施用。进一步发现,种植目的能有效缓解老龄化对农户化学农药减量行为的负面影响。据此提出对老龄农户进行教育培训、引导培育年轻化新型农民群体、完善农产品市场监督体系、强化农民食品安全理念的对策建议。

关键词: 老龄化, 种植目的, 农药减量, 绿色生产

Abstract:

The reduction of chemical pesticides is an important way to promote the green development of agriculture and to guarantee the quality and safety of agricultural products. In this study, the effects of aging and planting purpose on farmers' chemical pesticide reduction behaviors were examined, and the moderating effect of planting purpose was tested, by using field survey data from 613 rice farmers in Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province, China. It was shown that aging significantly hindered farmers' chemical pesticide reduction, and farmers pursing food self-sufficiency were more inclined to reduce chemical pesticide application. Further analysis revealed that planting purpose effectively alleviated the negative impact of aging on farmers' chemical pesticide reduction behavior. Therefore, it was recommended to educate and train elderly farmers to reduce the negative impact of aging, and pay attention to guiding and nurturing young farmers to engage in agriculture. Meanwhile, it was necessary to improve the supervision system of agricultural product market and strengthen farmers' food safety concept.

Key words: aging, planting purpose, pesticide reduction, green production

中图分类号:

S-9
F323.3

刘恩玲, 罗小锋, 杜三峡, 闫阿倩, 王祥礼. 老龄化、种植目的与稻农化学农药减量[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2789-2799.

LIU Enling, LUO Xiaofeng, DU Sanxia, YAN Aqian, WANG Xiangli. Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2789-2799.

图/表 4

参考文献 39

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特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%	特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%
受访者性别	男Male	456	74.39	家庭农业年收入	<1.00	200	32.63
Respondent's gender	女Female	157	25.61	Family's annual	1.00~1.99	143	23.33
受访者年龄	<40	22	3.59	agricultural income/	2.00~2.99	105	17.13
Respondent's age	40~49	88	14.36	(10⁴yuan)	3.00~3.99	59	9.62
	50~59	241	39.31		≥4.00	106	17.29
	60~69	202	32.95	水稻种植规模	<0.33	169	27.57
	≥70	60	9.79	Rice planting scale/hm²	0.33~0.66	142	23.16
受访者文化程度	文盲Illiteracy	59	9.62		0.67~1.00	115	18.76
Respondent's	小学Primary school	255	41.60		>1.00	187	30.51
educational level	初中Junior middle school	214	34.91	每块耕地的面积	<0.13	412	67.21
	高中及以上 High school and above	85	13.87	Area of each arable land/hm²	0.13~0.26	150	24.47
家庭农业劳动力	≤2	556	90.70		0.27~0.40	22	3.59
人数Number of	3~4	54	8.81		0.41~0.54	13	2.12
labor engaged in	>4	3	0.49		>0.54	16	2.61
agriculture

特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%	特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%
受访者性别	男Male	456	74.39	家庭农业年收入	<1.00	200	32.63
Respondent's gender	女Female	157	25.61	Family's annual	1.00~1.99	143	23.33
受访者年龄	<40	22	3.59	agricultural income/	2.00~2.99	105	17.13
Respondent's age	40~49	88	14.36	(10⁴yuan)	3.00~3.99	59	9.62
	50~59	241	39.31		≥4.00	106	17.29
	60~69	202	32.95	水稻种植规模	<0.33	169	27.57
	≥70	60	9.79	Rice planting scale/hm²	0.33~0.66	142	23.16
受访者文化程度	文盲Illiteracy	59	9.62		0.67~1.00	115	18.76
Respondent's	小学Primary school	255	41.60		>1.00	187	30.51
educational level	初中Junior middle school	214	34.91	每块耕地的面积	<0.13	412	67.21
	高中及以上 High school and above	85	13.87	Area of each arable land/hm²	0.13~0.26	150	24.47
家庭农业劳动力	≤2	556	90.70		0.27~0.40	22	3.59
人数Number of	3~4	54	8.81		0.41~0.54	13	2.12
labor engaged in	>4	3	0.49		>0.54	16	2.61
agriculture

变量类别 Variable category	变量名 Variable name	变量符号 Variable symbol	含义及赋值 Meaning and assignment	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
因变量 Dependent variable	化学农药减量 Chemical pesticide reduction	y	2018年在单位面积耕地上投入的化学农药成本 Cost of chemical pesticides invested per unit area of arable land in 2018/(10⁴yuan·hm^-2)	0.12	0.09
核心自变量 Core independent variable	老龄化 Aging	x	被访者实际年龄是否大于等于60岁:是=1;否=0 Whether the actual age of the respondent is greater than or equal to 60 years old: yes=1; no=0	0.43	0.50
调节变量 Regulatory variable	种植目的 Planting purpose	m	农户种植水稻的主要目的:自给=1;销售=0 The main purpose of rice plantation: self-sufficiency=1; sales=0	0.22	0.42
个体特征变量 Individual	性别 Gender	c₁	被访者的性别:男=1;女=0 Respondent's gender: male=1; female=0	0.74	0.44
characteristic variables	健康水平 Health level	c₂	被访者对自己身体状况的评价:非常不健康=1; 比较不健康=2;一般=3;比较健康=4;非常健康=5 Respondent's evaluation of personal physical condition: very unhealthy=1; relatively unhealthy=2; average=3; relatively healthy=4; very healthy=5	3.82	0.93
	文化程度 Educational level	c₃	被访者实际接受教育的年限 The actual years of respondent receiving education	6.95	3.41
	认知态度 Cognitive attitude	c₄	被访者就化学农药大量施用对人类健康影响的程度评价: 非常小=1;比较小=2;一般=3;比较大=4;非常大=5 Evaluation level of the respondent on the impact of mass application of chemical pesticide on human health: very small=1; relatively small=2; general=3; relatively large=4; very large=5	2.09	1.06
家庭特征变量 Family	耕地规模 Land scale	c₅	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area/hm²	0.91	0.82
characteristics variables	土壤质量 Soil quality	c₆	种植水稻的土壤肥力:非常差=1;较差=2;一般=3; 比较好=4;非常好=5 Soil fertility of paddy field: very poor=1; poor=2; fair=3; relatively good=4; very good=5	3.30	0.89
	家庭农业年收入 Family's annual agricultural income	c₇	2018年家庭农业总收入 Total family farming income in 2018/(10⁴yuan)	2.03	1.93
外部条件变量 External condition variables	生产培训 Production training	c₈	2018年被访者是否参与过农业生产技术培训: 是=1;否=0 Whether the respondent has participated in agricultural production technology training in 2018: yes=1; no=0	0.39	0.49
	销售单价 Unit price	c₉	稻谷销售的市场单价 Unit price of rice sales in market/(yuan·kg^-1)	2.27	0.27
其他控制变量 Other control variable	地区 Area	c₁₀	所在地区是否为湖北省:是=1;否=0 Whether the region is Hubei Province: yes=1; no=0	0.71	0.45

变量类别 Variable category	变量名 Variable name	变量符号 Variable symbol	含义及赋值 Meaning and assignment	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
因变量 Dependent variable	化学农药减量 Chemical pesticide reduction	y	2018年在单位面积耕地上投入的化学农药成本 Cost of chemical pesticides invested per unit area of arable land in 2018/(10⁴yuan·hm^-2)	0.12	0.09
核心自变量 Core independent variable	老龄化 Aging	x	被访者实际年龄是否大于等于60岁:是=1;否=0 Whether the actual age of the respondent is greater than or equal to 60 years old: yes=1; no=0	0.43	0.50
调节变量 Regulatory variable	种植目的 Planting purpose	m	农户种植水稻的主要目的:自给=1;销售=0 The main purpose of rice plantation: self-sufficiency=1; sales=0	0.22	0.42
个体特征变量 Individual	性别 Gender	c₁	被访者的性别:男=1;女=0 Respondent's gender: male=1; female=0	0.74	0.44
characteristic variables	健康水平 Health level	c₂	被访者对自己身体状况的评价:非常不健康=1; 比较不健康=2;一般=3;比较健康=4;非常健康=5 Respondent's evaluation of personal physical condition: very unhealthy=1; relatively unhealthy=2; average=3; relatively healthy=4; very healthy=5	3.82	0.93
	文化程度 Educational level	c₃	被访者实际接受教育的年限 The actual years of respondent receiving education	6.95	3.41
	认知态度 Cognitive attitude	c₄	被访者就化学农药大量施用对人类健康影响的程度评价: 非常小=1;比较小=2;一般=3;比较大=4;非常大=5 Evaluation level of the respondent on the impact of mass application of chemical pesticide on human health: very small=1; relatively small=2; general=3; relatively large=4; very large=5	2.09	1.06
家庭特征变量 Family	耕地规模 Land scale	c₅	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area/hm²	0.91	0.82
characteristics variables	土壤质量 Soil quality	c₆	种植水稻的土壤肥力:非常差=1;较差=2;一般=3; 比较好=4;非常好=5 Soil fertility of paddy field: very poor=1; poor=2; fair=3; relatively good=4; very good=5	3.30	0.89
	家庭农业年收入 Family's annual agricultural income	c₇	2018年家庭农业总收入 Total family farming income in 2018/(10⁴yuan)	2.03	1.93
外部条件变量 External condition variables	生产培训 Production training	c₈	2018年被访者是否参与过农业生产技术培训: 是=1;否=0 Whether the respondent has participated in agricultural production technology training in 2018: yes=1; no=0	0.39	0.49
	销售单价 Unit price	c₉	稻谷销售的市场单价 Unit price of rice sales in market/(yuan·kg^-1)	2.27	0.27
其他控制变量 Other control variable	地区 Area	c₁₀	所在地区是否为湖北省:是=1;否=0 Whether the region is Hubei Province: yes=1; no=0	0.71	0.45

变量 Variables	基准回归Benchmark regression			调节效应检验Moderating effect test
变量 Variables	回归1 Regression 1	回归2 Regression 2	回归3 Regression 3	回归4 Regression 4
x	0.020^***(0.007)	0.023^***(0.007)	0.014^*(0.008)	0.022^**(0.008)
m	—	-0.056^***(0.010)	-0.058^***(0.009)	-0.042^***(0.014)
xm	—	—	—	-0.035^*(0.018)
c₁	—	—	0.018^**(0.009)	0.018^*(0.009)
c₂	—	—	-0.002(0.004)	-0.003(0.004)
c₃	—	—	-0.003^**(0.001)	-0.003^**(0.001)
c₄	—	—	-0.007^**(0.003)	-0.007^**(0.003)
c₅	—	—	-0.010(0.006)	-0.010(0.006)
c₆	—	—	-0.001(0.004)	-0.001(0.004)
c₇	—	—	0.001(0.003)	0.001(0.003)
c₈	—	—	0.010(0.008)	0.010(0.008)
c₉	—	—	-0.002(0.014)	-0.002(0.014)
c₁₀	—	—	-0.006(0.008)	-0.006(0.008)
R²	0.011	0.073	0.098	0.104

老龄化、种植目的与稻农化学农药减量

Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction

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变量 Variables	回归5 Regression 5	回归6 Regression 6
x	0.015^*(0.008)	—
年龄Age	—	0.001^**(0.001)
m	-0.048^***(0.009)	-0.058^***(0.010)
R²	0.081	0.101

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[2]	成威松, 郑粟文, 高华洁, 白云丽, 叶春辉. 劳动力老龄化会使农户顺利流转农地吗?[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(7): 1545-1557.
[3]	邵宜添. 信息对称促进农药减量化：理论模型、典型案例与监管策略选择[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(6): 1326-1336.
[4]	王岳钧, 怀燕, 许剑锋. 稻田综合种养模式对水稻病虫草害的控制作用及机理[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(6): 1016-1021.
[5]	徐南昌1，林加财2，莫小荣1. 衢州市稻田农药减量应用技术研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2015, 27(6): 994-.