浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2045-2055.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221254

• 作物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同栽培模式对灵芝菌株农艺性状及活性成分积累的影响

李学龙(), 李超, 李跃, 刘国丽, 张鹏, 张敏()   

  1. 辽宁省农业科学院 食用菌研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-26 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-09
  • 作者简介:李学龙(1984—),男,山东梁山人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为食药用真菌高效栽培及天然活性产物研究。E-mail:lixuelong2008@126.com
  • 通讯作者: 张敏,E-mail:zhangmindun@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(2021JH6/10500133);辽宁省重点研发计划(2020JH2/10200013);辽宁省农业科学院食药用菌栽培学科项目(2019DD072311);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)

Effects of different cultivation modes on agronomic characters and accumulation of active components of Ganoderma lucidum strains

LI Xuelong(), LI Chao, LI Yue, LIU Guoli, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Min()   

  1. Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
  • Received:2022-08-26 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

摘要:

探究段木栽培模式及代料栽培模式对不同灵芝菌株主要农艺性状及活性成分积累的影响,以确定灵芝子实体优质高效栽培模式。分别以段木及代料(木屑、麦麸、石膏)为栽培原料,比较两种不同栽培模式下,不同灵芝菌株菌丝平均生长速度、菌丝长势、菌丝长满菌袋时间、菌丝特征以及灵芝子实体单重、菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、生物学效率等主要农艺性状。采用药典及国标方法检测灵芝子实体三萜及甾醇、多糖、蛋白质、16种氨基酸含量,比较不同栽培模式对灵芝子实体主要活性成分积累的影响。研究结果表明,6个供试灵芝菌株在不同栽培模式下,菌丝平均生长速度、菌丝长势、菌丝长满菌袋时间、菌丝特征均存在一定差异。不同栽培模式下供试灵芝菌株子实体质量、菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、生物学效率等主要农艺性状差异较大,段木栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ22子实体质量最大(117.15 g),生物学效率最高(7.54%),代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ22子实体质量最大(40.58 g),生物学效率最高(9.02%)。不同栽培模式下相同灵芝菌株子实体三萜及甾醇、多糖含量存在一定差异,代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ27子实体中三萜及甾醇含量最高(1.14%),代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ25多糖含量(1.36%)最高,而蛋白质、16种氨基酸总含量及各氨基酸含量差异较大。灵芝代料栽培模式与段木栽培模式相比,具有生物学效率高、子实体产量大、生物活性成分含量丰富等优势,为灵芝高效栽培提供理论依据。

关键词: 灵芝, 子实体, 栽培模式, 农艺性状, 活性成分

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to explore the effects of wood log cultivation mode and substrate substitute cultivation mode on main agronomic characters and accumulation of active components of different Ganoderma lucidum strains, and to determine the high-quality and efficient cultivation mode of G. lucidum fruiting body. The wood log and substrate (saw dust, wheat bran, gypsum) were used as the cultivation material, and the average mycelial growth rate, mycelial growth vigor, mycelial growth of full bag time and mycelial characteristics of different G. lucidum strains under the two cultivation modes were compared. The main agronomic traits, such as single fruiting body weight, stalk length, stalk diameter, cap diameter, cap thickness and biological efficiency were compared, too. The contents of triterpenoids, sterols, polysaccharides, proteins and 16 kinds of amino acids in fruiting bodies were detected by pharmacopoeia and national standard methods, and the effects of different cultivation modes on the accumulation of main active components in G. lucidum fruiting bodies were compared. There were some differences in average mycelial growth rate, mycelial growth vigor, mycelial growth full time and mycelial characteristics among the six G. lucidum strains tested under the two cultivation modes. The main agronomic traits of G. lucidum strains under different cultivation modes were significantly different, such as single fruiting body weight, stalk length, stalk diameter, cap diameter, cap thickness and biological efficiency. G. lucidum strain CZ22 got the largest fruiting body weight (117.15 g) and the highest biological efficiency (7.54%) under wood log cultivation mode. Strain CZ22 also got the largest fruiting body weight (40.58 g) and the highest biological efficiency (9.02%) under the substrate substitute cultivation mode. There were some differences in the contents of triterpenoids, sterols and polysaccharides in fruiting bodies of the same G. lucidum strain under different cultivation modes. The highest contents of triterpenes and sterols in fruiting bodies was observed in strain CZ27 (1.14%) under the substrate substitute cultivation mode, and the highest content of polysaccharide in fruiting bodies were achieved by strain CZ25 (1.36%) under the substrate substitute cultivation mode. However, the content of protein, total content of 16 amino acids and each amino acid were significantly different. Compared with the wood log cultivation mode, the G. lucidum cultivated by substitute cultivation mode had higher biological efficiency, larger fruiting body yield and higher content of bioactive components, which provides a theoretical basis for efficient cultivation of G. lucidum.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, fruiting body, cultivation modes, agronomic traits, bioactive component

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