浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2045-2055.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221254
收稿日期:
2022-08-26
出版日期:
2023-09-25
发布日期:
2023-10-09
作者简介:
李学龙(1984—),男,山东梁山人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为食药用真菌高效栽培及天然活性产物研究。E-mail:lixuelong2008@126.com
通讯作者:
张敏,E-mail:基金资助:
LI Xuelong(), LI Chao, LI Yue, LIU Guoli, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Min(
)
Received:
2022-08-26
Online:
2023-09-25
Published:
2023-10-09
摘要:
探究段木栽培模式及代料栽培模式对不同灵芝菌株主要农艺性状及活性成分积累的影响,以确定灵芝子实体优质高效栽培模式。分别以段木及代料(木屑、麦麸、石膏)为栽培原料,比较两种不同栽培模式下,不同灵芝菌株菌丝平均生长速度、菌丝长势、菌丝长满菌袋时间、菌丝特征以及灵芝子实体单重、菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、生物学效率等主要农艺性状。采用药典及国标方法检测灵芝子实体三萜及甾醇、多糖、蛋白质、16种氨基酸含量,比较不同栽培模式对灵芝子实体主要活性成分积累的影响。研究结果表明,6个供试灵芝菌株在不同栽培模式下,菌丝平均生长速度、菌丝长势、菌丝长满菌袋时间、菌丝特征均存在一定差异。不同栽培模式下供试灵芝菌株子实体质量、菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、生物学效率等主要农艺性状差异较大,段木栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ22子实体质量最大(117.15 g),生物学效率最高(7.54%),代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ22子实体质量最大(40.58 g),生物学效率最高(9.02%)。不同栽培模式下相同灵芝菌株子实体三萜及甾醇、多糖含量存在一定差异,代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ27子实体中三萜及甾醇含量最高(1.14%),代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株CZ25多糖含量(1.36%)最高,而蛋白质、16种氨基酸总含量及各氨基酸含量差异较大。灵芝代料栽培模式与段木栽培模式相比,具有生物学效率高、子实体产量大、生物活性成分含量丰富等优势,为灵芝高效栽培提供理论依据。
中图分类号:
李学龙, 李超, 李跃, 刘国丽, 张鹏, 张敏. 不同栽培模式对灵芝菌株农艺性状及活性成分积累的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(9): 2045-2055.
LI Xuelong, LI Chao, LI Yue, LIU Guoli, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Min. Effects of different cultivation modes on agronomic characters and accumulation of active components of Ganoderma lucidum strains[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2045-2055.
菌株 Strain | 栽培模式 cultivation modes | 菌丝平均生长速度 Mycelial growth average rate/(mm·d-1) | 菌丝长势 Mycelial vigor | 菌丝长满袋时间 Mycelial growth of full bag time/d | 菌丝特征 Mycelial characteristics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ11 | 段木 Wood log | 4.17±0.35 b | ++ | 38.20±1.52 a | 浅白,浓密、较整齐 Light white, dense and relatively neat |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.17±0.39 a | ++ | 34.10±1.12 a | 浅黄,浓密、整齐 Light yellow, dense and neat | |
CZ12 | 段木Wood log | 3.95±0.41 b | ++ | 39.15±1.80 a | 白色,浓密、整齐White, dense, neat |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.36±0.65 a | +++ | 33.40±1.51 b | 浅白,浓密、较整齐 Light white, dense, and relatively neat | |
CZ22 | 段木Wood log | 4.75±0.55 b | +++ | 32.10±2.55 a | 浅白,较稀疏、整齐Light white, sparse and tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 7.24±0.51 a | +++ | 29.30±1.32 a | 微黄,浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, dense and neat | |
CZ25 | 段木 Wood log | 4.15±0.27 b | +++ | 37.80±2.10 a | 微黄,较浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, relatively dense and tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.56±0.40 a | +++ | 32.45±1.85 a | 微黄,较浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, relatively dense and tidy | |
CZ27 | 段木 Wood log | 3.88±0.38 b | + | 42.20±1.95 a | 浅白,较浓密、较整齐 Light white, relatively dense, and relatively tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 5.52±0.45 a | ++ | 38.20±2.11 b | 浅白,浓密、较整齐 Light white, dense, and relatively tidy | |
CZ28 | 段木 Wood log | 4.17±0.30 b | ++ | 36.50±2.84 a | 浅白,较稀疏、较整齐 Light white, relatively sparse and relatively tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.01±0.56 a | ++ | 35.50±1.75 a | 微黄,较浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, relatively dense and tidy |
表1 不同灵芝菌株菌丝体在段木及代料栽培基质中的生长特征
Table 1 Mycelium growth characteristics of different strains of G. lucidum in wood log and substrate substitute culture substrate
菌株 Strain | 栽培模式 cultivation modes | 菌丝平均生长速度 Mycelial growth average rate/(mm·d-1) | 菌丝长势 Mycelial vigor | 菌丝长满袋时间 Mycelial growth of full bag time/d | 菌丝特征 Mycelial characteristics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ11 | 段木 Wood log | 4.17±0.35 b | ++ | 38.20±1.52 a | 浅白,浓密、较整齐 Light white, dense and relatively neat |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.17±0.39 a | ++ | 34.10±1.12 a | 浅黄,浓密、整齐 Light yellow, dense and neat | |
CZ12 | 段木Wood log | 3.95±0.41 b | ++ | 39.15±1.80 a | 白色,浓密、整齐White, dense, neat |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.36±0.65 a | +++ | 33.40±1.51 b | 浅白,浓密、较整齐 Light white, dense, and relatively neat | |
CZ22 | 段木Wood log | 4.75±0.55 b | +++ | 32.10±2.55 a | 浅白,较稀疏、整齐Light white, sparse and tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 7.24±0.51 a | +++ | 29.30±1.32 a | 微黄,浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, dense and neat | |
CZ25 | 段木 Wood log | 4.15±0.27 b | +++ | 37.80±2.10 a | 微黄,较浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, relatively dense and tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.56±0.40 a | +++ | 32.45±1.85 a | 微黄,较浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, relatively dense and tidy | |
CZ27 | 段木 Wood log | 3.88±0.38 b | + | 42.20±1.95 a | 浅白,较浓密、较整齐 Light white, relatively dense, and relatively tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 5.52±0.45 a | ++ | 38.20±2.11 b | 浅白,浓密、较整齐 Light white, dense, and relatively tidy | |
CZ28 | 段木 Wood log | 4.17±0.30 b | ++ | 36.50±2.84 a | 浅白,较稀疏、较整齐 Light white, relatively sparse and relatively tidy |
代料 Substrate substitute | 6.01±0.56 a | ++ | 35.50±1.75 a | 微黄,较浓密、整齐 Slightly yellow, relatively dense and tidy |
菌株 Strain | 栽培模式 cultivation modes | 子实体质量 Fruiting body weight/g | 菌柄长度 Length of stipe/cm | 菌柄直径 Diameter of stipe/cm | 菌盖直径 Diameter of cap/cm | 菌盖厚度 Thickness of cap/cm | 生物学效率 Biological efficiency/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ11 | 段木Wood log | 102.12±10.20 a | 8.24±0.77 a | 2.72±0.45 a | 17.86±1.85 a | 1.81±0.25 a | 6.57±0.40 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 35.60±3.36 b | 6.23±0.71 b | 1.58±0.28 b | 11.65±1.55 b | 1.35±0.22 b | 8.15±0.15 a | |
CZ12 | 段木Wood log | 94.35±9.22 a | 7.86±1.10 a | 2.97±0.35 a | 15.79±1.36 a | 1.57±0.32 a | 6.07±0.22 a |
代料Substrate substitute | 32.34±4.06 b | 5.75±0.57 b | 1.65±0.25 b | 10.48±1.84 b | 1.25±0.19 b | 7.32±0.22 a | |
CZ22 | 段木Wood log | 117.15±13.15 a | 9.21±0.94 a | 3.05±0.57 a | 18.95±2.01 a | 2.24±0.34 a | 7.54±0.37 a |
代料Substrate substitute | 40.58±5.14 b | 5.30±0.75 b | 1.91±0.36 b | 13.25±1.21 b | 1.56±0.25 b | 9.02±0.17 a | |
CZ25 | 段木Wood log | 110.44±10.32 a | 8.45±0.83 a | 3.13±0.24 a | 16.23±1.53 a | 1.69±0.41 a | 7.10±0.46 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 38.70±4.59 b | 6.01±0.43 b | 2.14±0.39 b | 12.43±1.40 b | 1.44±0.21 a | 8.65±0.26 a | |
CZ27 | 段木Wood log | 90.49±9.28 a | 9.16±0.90 a | 3.01±0.64 a | 15.14±2.15 a | 1.75±0.20 a | 5.82±0.14 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 30.94±3.25 b | 6.47±0.86 b | 2.15±0.40 b | 12.15±2.07 b | 1.28±0.17 b | 7.06±0.09 a | |
CZ28 | 段木Wood log | 95.48±5.97 a | 8.97±0.74 a | 2.95±0.55 a | 17.68±1.41 a | 1.64±0.37 a | 6.14±0.38 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 36.44±3.10 b | 7.85±0.84 a | 1.89±0.37 b | 10.39±1.40 b | 1.30±0.27 b | 8.20±0.11 a |
表2 段木及代料栽培模式下灵芝菌株子实体主要农艺性状
Table 2 Main agronomic characters of fruiting body of G. lucidum strains under wood log and substrate substitute cultivation
菌株 Strain | 栽培模式 cultivation modes | 子实体质量 Fruiting body weight/g | 菌柄长度 Length of stipe/cm | 菌柄直径 Diameter of stipe/cm | 菌盖直径 Diameter of cap/cm | 菌盖厚度 Thickness of cap/cm | 生物学效率 Biological efficiency/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ11 | 段木Wood log | 102.12±10.20 a | 8.24±0.77 a | 2.72±0.45 a | 17.86±1.85 a | 1.81±0.25 a | 6.57±0.40 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 35.60±3.36 b | 6.23±0.71 b | 1.58±0.28 b | 11.65±1.55 b | 1.35±0.22 b | 8.15±0.15 a | |
CZ12 | 段木Wood log | 94.35±9.22 a | 7.86±1.10 a | 2.97±0.35 a | 15.79±1.36 a | 1.57±0.32 a | 6.07±0.22 a |
代料Substrate substitute | 32.34±4.06 b | 5.75±0.57 b | 1.65±0.25 b | 10.48±1.84 b | 1.25±0.19 b | 7.32±0.22 a | |
CZ22 | 段木Wood log | 117.15±13.15 a | 9.21±0.94 a | 3.05±0.57 a | 18.95±2.01 a | 2.24±0.34 a | 7.54±0.37 a |
代料Substrate substitute | 40.58±5.14 b | 5.30±0.75 b | 1.91±0.36 b | 13.25±1.21 b | 1.56±0.25 b | 9.02±0.17 a | |
CZ25 | 段木Wood log | 110.44±10.32 a | 8.45±0.83 a | 3.13±0.24 a | 16.23±1.53 a | 1.69±0.41 a | 7.10±0.46 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 38.70±4.59 b | 6.01±0.43 b | 2.14±0.39 b | 12.43±1.40 b | 1.44±0.21 a | 8.65±0.26 a | |
CZ27 | 段木Wood log | 90.49±9.28 a | 9.16±0.90 a | 3.01±0.64 a | 15.14±2.15 a | 1.75±0.20 a | 5.82±0.14 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 30.94±3.25 b | 6.47±0.86 b | 2.15±0.40 b | 12.15±2.07 b | 1.28±0.17 b | 7.06±0.09 a | |
CZ28 | 段木Wood log | 95.48±5.97 a | 8.97±0.74 a | 2.95±0.55 a | 17.68±1.41 a | 1.64±0.37 a | 6.14±0.38 b |
代料Substrate substitute | 36.44±3.10 b | 7.85±0.84 a | 1.89±0.37 b | 10.39±1.40 b | 1.30±0.27 b | 8.20±0.11 a |
图1 不同栽培模式下灵芝菌株子实体中三萜及甾醇含量 同一菌株下柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig.1 Contents of triterpenoids and sterols in fruiting body of G. lucidum strains under different cultivation mode Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05 between treatments for the same strain. The same as below.
图4 不同栽培模式对灵芝菌株子实体中16种氨基酸总含量的影响
Fig.4 Effects of different cultivation modes on the total content of 16 amino acids in fruiting body of G. lucidum strains
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