香葱葱白机械载荷损伤力学特性表征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231388

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 2627-2634.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231388

香葱葱白机械载荷损伤力学特性表征

林圣博¹(), 王邦追¹, 吴美玲², 李亚健², 王国强²^,³^,^*(), 唐忠¹^,³

1.江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江 212013
2.江苏农牧科技职业学院农业工程学院,江苏泰州 225300
3.江苏省农业装备与智能化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏镇江 212013

收稿日期:2023-12-11 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-27
作者简介:林圣博(2000—),男,天津人,硕士研究生,研究方向为香葱收获机械结构设计。E-mail:1186791114@qq.com
通讯作者: *王国强,E-mail:474020300@qq.com
基金资助:
2022年泰州市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(TN202219);浙江省农业智能装备与机器人重点实验室(2023ZJZD2302);2022年度国家农业可持续发展试验示范区建设市级财政专项资金(ZK20230001)

Characterization of mechanical properties of scallion white under mechanical load damage

LIN Shengbo¹(), WANG Bangzhui¹, WU Meiling², LI Yajian², WANG Guoqiang²^,³^,^*(), TANG Zhong¹^,³

1. College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligent High Technology Research in Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-12-11 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高香葱的机械收获品质,该研究对香葱葱白的力学参数进行了测试,旨在揭示其损伤失效机理,并为香葱低损收获装备的研发提供参考依据。通过对香葱葱白施加拉伸、压缩、弯曲等不同载荷方式,进行力学试验,采用回归曲线分析力学参数与葱白直径之间的关系,并从葱白内部组分结构的角度进行分析。实验结果表明:葱白中膜质叶鞘、肉质叶鞘、假茎内幼叶的组分含量分别为15.82%、19.18%、65.00%,香葱葱白的抗拉强度、抗压强度和弹性模量分别为0.48、0.54、0.16 MPa;香葱葱白膜质叶鞘的最大拉断力为33.77 N,最小拉断力为16.43 N;最大弯曲力的范围在25~40 N。抗拉强度、抗压强度以及弹性模量与直径之间的关系呈二次非线性曲线特征。基于香葱葱白力学特性试验可以发现,香葱内部不同组分结构的强度水平是不一致的,相同载荷作用下,假茎内幼叶的内部纤维组织韧性更强;香葱葱白直径越大,内部纤维组织韧性越强,抗拉强度越大,断裂时间也较晚。研究结果可为香葱机械化收获装备的设计及减少收获过程中的机械损伤提供理论依据。

关键词: 葱白, 断裂, 机械载荷, 力学特性

Abstract:

In order to improve the mechanical harvesting quality of scallion, the mechanical parameters of scallion white were tested in this study, aiming to reveal the damage failure mechanism and provide reference for the research and development of low-loss harvesting equipment for scallion. The relationship between the mechanical parameters and the diameter of the scallion white was analyzed by using regression curve, and the internal component structure of scallion white was analyzed. The results showed that the component contents of membranous sheath, fleshy sheath and young leaves in pseudostem were 15.82%, 19.18% and 65.00%, respectively. The tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus of scallion white were 0.48 MPa, 0.54 MPa and 0.16 MPa, respectively. The maximum breaking force and the minimum breaking force were 33.77 N and 16.43 N respectively. The maximum bending force ranged from 25 N to 40 N. The relationship between tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus and diameter was a quadratic nonlinear curve. Based on the mechanical properties of scallion white, it was found that the strength levels of different components in scallion were inconsistent. Under the same load, the inner fiber tissue toughness of young leaves in pseudostem was stronger. The larger the diameter of scallion white, the stronger the toughness of the internal fiber tissue, the greater the tensile strength, and the later the fracture time. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the design of mechanical harvesting equipment for scallion and the reduction of mechanical damage during harvesting.

Key words: scallion white, break, mechanical load, mechanical property

中图分类号:

S233.74

林圣博, 王邦追, 吴美玲, 李亚健, 王国强, 唐忠. 香葱葱白机械载荷损伤力学特性表征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(11): 2627-2634.

LIN Shengbo, WANG Bangzhui, WU Meiling, LI Yajian, WANG Guoqiang, TANG Zhong. Characterization of mechanical properties of scallion white under mechanical load damage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(11): 2627-2634.

图/表 11

图1 香葱植株结构

Fig.1 Plant structure of scallions

图2 香葱葱白截面

Fig.2 Scallion white cross-section

表1 香葱葱白组分含量轴向分布表

Table 1 Axial distribution table of the content of scallion white components

试样 Sample	直径 Diameter/mm	膜质叶鞘含量 Membranous sheath content/%	肉质叶鞘含量 Fleshy leaf sheath content/%	假茎内幼叶含量 Content of young leaves in pseudostem/%
1	10.28	10.85	9.33	79.82
2	7.74	22.58	26.88	50.54
3	10.77	14.92	18.99	66.09
4	10.57	15.70	17.36	66.94
5	8.81	15.42	24.67	59.91
6	10.88	15.44	17.89	66.67
平均值Average value	9.84	15.82	19.18	65.00
方差Variance	1.28	3.78	6.19	9.62

图3 香葱力学特性实验装置

Fig.3 Experimental device for mechanical properties of scallions

图4 轴向拉伸试验位移-受力曲线

Fig.4 Axial tensile test displacement-force curve

图5 抗拉强度与直径回归曲线

Fig.5 Regression curve between tensile strength and diameter

图6 径向挤压试验位移-受力曲线

Fig.6 Radial compression test displacement-force curve

图7 抗压强度与直径回归曲线

Fig.7 Regression curve between compressive strength and diameter

图8 三点弯曲试验位移-受力曲线

Fig.8 Displacement-force curve of three-point bending test

图9 弹性模量与直径回归曲线

Fig.9 Regression curve of elastic modulus and diameter

表2 香葱葱白力学特性试验结果

Table 2 Experimental results of mechanical properties of scallion white

特性 Properties	样本 Sample	直径 D/mm	拉断力 Tensile breaking force/N	抗拉强度 Tensile strength/ MPa
拉伸	1	9.44	26.11	0.67
Stretch	2	7.03	31.64	0.45
	3	7.89	16.43	0.34
	4	8.64	24.01	0.41
	5	8.88	33.77	0.55
	6	7.62	20.49	0.45
	平均值 $x -$	8.25	25.41	0.48
	方差σ	0.89	6.57	0.17
特性 Properties	样本 Sample	直径 D/mm	压断力 Compressive breaking force/N	抗压强度 Compressive strength/ MPa
挤压	1	8.62	236.2	0.53
Compression	2	8.84	159.4	0.37
	3	8.89	226.4	0.51
	4	9.38	295.6	0.63
	5	9.56	262.9	0.55
	6	11.23	348.1	0.62
	平均值 $x -$	9.42	254.77	0.54
	方差σ	0.95	64.33	0.09
特性 Properties	样本 Sample	直径 D/mm	最大弯曲力 Maximum bending force/N	弹性模量 Elastic modulus/ MPa
弯曲	1	23.38	28.1	0.12
Bending	2	26.85	31.2	0.13
	3	25.88	37.2	0.18
	4	24.39	40.0	0.21
	5	25.32	32.1	0.17
	6	23.93	27.3	0.14
	平均值 $x -$	24.96	32.65	0.16
	方差σ	1.30	5.02	0.03

表2 香葱葱白力学特性试验结果

Table 2 Experimental results of mechanical properties of scallion white

特性 Properties	样本 Sample	直径 D/mm	拉断力 Tensile breaking force/N	抗拉强度 Tensile strength/ MPa
拉伸	1	9.44	26.11	0.67
Stretch	2	7.03	31.64	0.45
	3	7.89	16.43	0.34
	4	8.64	24.01	0.41
	5	8.88	33.77	0.55
	6	7.62	20.49	0.45
	平均值 $x -$	8.25	25.41	0.48
	方差σ	0.89	6.57	0.17
特性 Properties	样本 Sample	直径 D/mm	压断力 Compressive breaking force/N	抗压强度 Compressive strength/ MPa
挤压	1	8.62	236.2	0.53
Compression	2	8.84	159.4	0.37
	3	8.89	226.4	0.51
	4	9.38	295.6	0.63
	5	9.56	262.9	0.55
	6	11.23	348.1	0.62
	平均值 $x -$	9.42	254.77	0.54
	方差σ	0.95	64.33	0.09
特性 Properties	样本 Sample	直径 D/mm	最大弯曲力 Maximum bending force/N	弹性模量 Elastic modulus/ MPa
弯曲	1	23.38	28.1	0.12
Bending	2	26.85	31.2	0.13
	3	25.88	37.2	0.18
	4	24.39	40.0	0.21
	5	25.32	32.1	0.17
	6	23.93	27.3	0.14
	平均值 $x -$	24.96	32.65	0.16
	方差σ	1.30	5.02	0.03

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香葱葱白机械载荷损伤力学特性表征

Characterization of mechanical properties of scallion white under mechanical load damage

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