茶树嫩梢形态与力学特性试验研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230692

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1425-1435.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230692

茶树嫩梢形态与力学特性试验研究

傅童¹(), 郑航²^,³, 薛向磊²^,³, 叶云翔²^,³, 俞国红²^,³^,^*(), 葛青¹

1.浙江科技学院生物与化学工程学院,浙江杭州310023
2.浙江省农业科学院农业装备研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.农业农村部东南丘陵山地农业装备重点实验室(部省共建),浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2023-05-29 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-02
作者简介:傅童(1997—),男,四川遂宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为智能农机装备设计与制造。E-mail:Zhrory@126.com
通讯作者: *俞国红,E-mail:Yuguohong@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省领雁计划项目(2022C02055);浙江省农业科学院成果推广项目(tg2022016)

Experimental study on morphological and mechanical properties of tea tree shoot tips

FU Tong¹(), ZHENG Hang²^,³, XUE Xianglei²^,³, YE Yunxiang²^,³, YU Guohong²^,³^,^*(), GE Qing¹

1. School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Areas in Southeastern China(Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-05-29 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明茶树嫩梢芽叶形态分布及采摘部位受力形变规律,进行了嫩梢形态特征参数统计与力学特性试验。首先,以龙井43、中茶108、白叶1号等6类茶树品种为试验对象,分析适采期茶树嫩梢芽叶分布形态特征与采摘农艺要求;其次,对嫩梢进行了物理参数统计,包括各叶片生长基部到嫩梢顶端距离、茶梢茎秆径宽尺寸以及嫩梢含水率等;最后,开展了茶树嫩梢剪切与弯曲力学特性试验。结果表明,茶树嫩梢叶顶距与各茎秆段等效直径呈正态分布。六种茶树样本一、二、三叶位叶顶距分布范围依次为16~22、25~35、40~60 mm。茶梢的一、二、三茎秆段等效直径分别集中在1.2~1.4、1.4~1.6、1.6~2.0 mm范围内,含水率逐渐降低,大致保持在78%~86%。随着由上至下叶位的变化,茎秆的抗弯刚度和剪切应力逐渐增大,不同茶树品种之间存在差异,但变化趋势相似;茶梢茎秆在受压弯曲试验过程中存在压力突变区间,并以龙井43为研究对象,定量分析了嫩梢在下压过程中茎秆采摘部位的力学特征,该研究为进一步了解茶树嫩梢的物理特征和优化设计茶叶采摘装置提供了理论依据。

关键词: 茶, 嫩梢, 物理参数, 力学特性

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological distribution of tea tree shoots and the deformation pattern of harvesting area, and the statistical and mechanical characteristics of shoot morphological parameters were tested. Firstly, six types of tea tree varieties, including Longjing 43, Zhongcha 108 and Baiye 1, were used as test objects to analyze the morphological characteristics of shoot tip distribution and harvesting requirements of tea trees during the harvesting period. Secondly, the physical parameters of the shoot tips, including the distance from the growth base of each leaf to the tip of the shoot, the diameter and width of the stem and the water content of the shoot tips, etc., were analyzed. Finally, experiments on the shear and bending mechanical properties of the shoot tips of tea trees were conducted. The results showed that the leaf tip distance and the equivalent diameter of each stem segment were normally distributed. The distribution of leaf apical spacing at the first, second and third leaf positions of the six tea tree samples ranged from 16 to 22 mm, 25 to 35 mm and 40 to 60 mm, in that order. The equivalent diameters of the first, second and third stem segments of short tips were concentrated in the ranges of 1.2-1.4, 1.4-1.6, 1.6-2.0 mm, respectively, and the water content gradually decreased and remained roughly between 78% and 86%. With the change of leaf position from top to bottom, the bending stiffness and shear stress of the stem gradually increased, and there were differences among different tea tree species, but the change trend was similar; there was a sudden pressure change interval during the bending test of tea tip stem under pressure, and the mechanical characteristics of the stem picked from the young tip during the downward pressure were quantitatively analyzed with Longjing 43 as the research object. The study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the physical characteristics of tea tree shoot tips and optimizing the design of tea picking devices.

Key words: tea, shoot tip, physical parameter, mechanical property

中图分类号:

S225.92

傅童, 郑航, 薛向磊, 叶云翔, 俞国红, 葛青. 茶树嫩梢形态与力学特性试验研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1425-1435.

FU Tong, ZHENG Hang, XUE Xianglei, YE Yunxiang, YU Guohong, GE Qing. Experimental study on morphological and mechanical properties of tea tree shoot tips[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1425-1435.

图/表 18

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品种 Variety	各叶位平均叶顶距 Average distance between leaf tips at each leaf position			各茎秆段等效直径 Equivalent diameter of each stem segment
品种 Variety	1	2	3	1	2	3
白叶1号 Baiye 1	17.7	25.0	34.6	1.25	1.45	1.64
龙井43 Longjing 43	18.6	26.7	42.5	1.33	1.59	1.87
中茶108 Zhongcha108	17.6	23.9	35.4	1.20	1.47	1.73
银霜 Yinshuang	19.1	29.1	50.4	1.26	1.59	1.97
中茗6号 Zhongming 6	17.7	26.7	48.1	1.12	1.41	1.78
中茗7号 Zhongming 7	18.6	28.9	57.0	1.27	1.62	1.90

品种 Variety	各叶位平均叶顶距 Average distance between leaf tips at each leaf position			各茎秆段等效直径 Equivalent diameter of each stem segment
品种 Variety	1	2	3	1	2	3
白叶1号 Baiye 1	17.7	25.0	34.6	1.25	1.45	1.64
龙井43 Longjing 43	18.6	26.7	42.5	1.33	1.59	1.87
中茶108 Zhongcha108	17.6	23.9	35.4	1.20	1.47	1.73
银霜 Yinshuang	19.1	29.1	50.4	1.26	1.59	1.97
中茗6号 Zhongming 6	17.7	26.7	48.1	1.12	1.41	1.78
中茗7号 Zhongming 7	18.6	28.9	57.0	1.27	1.62	1.90

品种 Variety	一叶位段含水率 Moisture content of the one-leaf segment	二叶位段含水率 Moisture content of the two-leaf segment	三叶位段含水率 Moisture content of the three-leaf segment
白叶1号 Baiye 1	83.33	78.05	76.92
龙井43 Longjing 43	84.31	81.67	78.05
中茶108 Zhongcha 108	85.71	78.26	74.19
银霜 Yinshuang	84.6	79.14	77.7
中茗6号 Zhongming 6	86.05	82.5	79.17
中茗7号 Zhongming 7	85.7	80.05	78.3

品种 Variety	一叶位段含水率 Moisture content of the one-leaf segment	二叶位段含水率 Moisture content of the two-leaf segment	三叶位段含水率 Moisture content of the three-leaf segment
白叶1号 Baiye 1	83.33	78.05	76.92
龙井43 Longjing 43	84.31	81.67	78.05
中茶108 Zhongcha 108	85.71	78.26	74.19
银霜 Yinshuang	84.6	79.14	77.7
中茗6号 Zhongming 6	86.05	82.5	79.17
中茗7号 Zhongming 7	85.7	80.05	78.3

品种 Variety	茎秆段 Stem segment	截面长径 Longitudinal diameter of the cross- section/mm	截面短径 Transverse diameter of the cross- section/mm	截面惯性矩 Moment of inertia of the cross- section/mm⁴	弯曲模量 Flexural modulus/ MPa	抗弯刚度 Bending stiffness/ (MPa·mm⁴)
白叶1号	1	1.27	1.23	0.12	2.07	0.25
Baiye 1	2	1.48	1.45	0.22	3.61	0.79
	3	1.65	1.63	0.35	6.66	2.33
龙井43	1	1.35	1.32	0.15	2.19	0.33
Longjing 43	2	1.61	1.57	0.31	3.75	1.16
	3	1.89	1.86	0.60	5.96	3.58
银霜	1	1.31	1.22	0.12	1.14	0.14
Yinshuang	2	1.53	1.64	0.29	2.74	0.79
	3	2.04	1.92	0.71	5.16	3.66
中茶108	1	1.15	1.03	0.06	2.07	0.12
Zhongcha 108	2	1.38	1.23	0.13	4.89	0.64
	3	1.42	1.35	0.17	9.33	1.59
中茗6号	1	1.20	1.07	0.07	1.85	0.13
Zhongming 6	2	1.46	1.35	0.18	3.33	0.60
	3	1.85	1.71	0.45	5.19	2.34
中茗7号	1	1.32	1.24	0.12	1.53	0.18
Zhongming 7	2	1.68	1.56	0.31	2.26	0.70
	3	1.99	1.82	0.59	4.49	2.65

茶树嫩梢形态与力学特性试验研究

Experimental study on morphological and mechanical properties of tea tree shoot tips

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品种 Variety	茎秆段 Stem segment	平均切断载荷 Average cutting load/N	最大切断载荷 Maximum cutting load/N	最小切断载荷 Minimum cutting load/N	平均剪切强度 Average shear strength/MPa
白叶1号	1	4.15	5.08	3.39	2.53
Baiye 1	2	7.16	8.69	5.49	4.06
	3	13.54	17.90	10.23	6.44
龙井43	1	4.39	5.54	3.58	3.16
Longjing 43	2	7.42	9.08	5.42	3.73
	3	14.21	18.02	11.85	5.15
银霜	1	3.71	4.40	3.00	2.97
Yinshuang	2	6.71	8.84	5.73	3.41
	3	14.12	15.91	9.26	4.58
中茶108	1	4.20	6.42	2.97	3.72
Zhongcha 108	2	7.19	9.12	5.4	4.20
	3	11.22	14.06	8.51	4.74
中茗6号	1	3.55	4.78	2.2	3.53
Zhongming 6	2	5.42	8.20	3.97	3.52
	3	10.31	18.18	7.02	4.15
中茗7号	1	4.23	5.70	2.57	3.31
Zhongming 7	2	7.44	9.99	5.05	3.62
	3	14.05	18.74	11.12	4.94

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