植物提取物防治根结线虫的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250334

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1048-1060.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250334

• 综述 • 上一篇

植物提取物防治根结线虫的研究进展

霍薇¹(), 李珊珊¹, 陈骏¹, 吴晓丽¹, 吕缙威¹, 李玉娟², 陈慧丽¹^,^*()

¹ 杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 浙江杭州 311121
² 查尔斯·达尔文大学北方农业研究所, 北领地布林金 0812

收稿日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:霍薇,从事线虫学研究。E-mail:huow3001@163.com
通讯作者: *陈慧丽,E-mail:huilichen@hznu.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN21C140009)

Research progress on plant extracts for controlling root-knot nematodes

HUO Wei¹(), LI Shanshan¹, CHEN Jun¹, WU Xiaoli¹, LYU Jinwei¹, LI Yujuan², CHEN Huili¹^,^*()

¹ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
² Research Institute for Northern Agriculture, Charles Darwin University, Brinkin 0810, Northern Territory, Australia

Received:2025-04-25 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根结线虫是植物病虫害中最具危害性的种类之一。目前,化学杀线虫剂仍是防治根结线虫的主要手段,但其存在环境相容性差、对非靶标生物具有潜在危害,且易导致抗药性等问题,已难以满足现代农林生产发展的要求。利用植物提取物中具有杀线虫活性的天然产物来防治根结线虫,是一种符合农作物病虫害绿色防控要求的新策略。本文综述了具有杀线虫活性的植物资源、其活性成分及提取方法,探讨了植物提取物抑制或杀灭根结线虫的生理机制与相关评价方法。同时,针对当前存在的问题提出以下建议:扩大植物提取物的筛选与研发范围,深化对活性成分及其作用机理的认识,完善和优化有效成分的提取工艺,进一步推动植物源杀线虫剂的实际应用,以期为植物源杀线虫农药的研发提供科学依据,促进农业生态系统的可持续发展。

关键词: 根结线虫, 植物提取物, 提取方法, 活性成分, 作用机制

Abstract:

Root-knot nematode is one of the most harmful plant pests. At present, chemical nematicides remain the predominant methods for controlling root-knot nematodes. However, due to challenges such as inadequate environmental compatibility, potential harm to non-target organisms, and the development of drug resistance, chemical nematicides can no longer meet the demands of modern agricultural and forestry production development. Extracting natural products with nematicidal activity from plants for the prevention and control of root-knot nematodes is a new strategy that conforms to the green prevention and control of crop diseases and pests. This article reviewed plant resources with nematode-killing effects, their active ingredients and their extraction methods, and discussed the physiological mechanisms and related evaluation methods of plant extracts in suppressing and killing root-knot nematodes. Meanwhile, in light of the existing problems, the following suggestions were put forward: expand the scope of screening and development of plant extracts, enhance the understanding of the active ingredients and mechanisms of plant extracts, improve and optimize the extraction methods of effective ingredients, and further promote the practical application of plant-derived nematicidal pesticides, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of plant-derived nematicides and promote the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem.

Key words: root-knot nematode, plant extract, extraction method, active ingredient, action mechanism

中图分类号:

S476

霍薇, 李珊珊, 陈骏, 吴晓丽, 吕缙威, 李玉娟, 陈慧丽. 植物提取物防治根结线虫的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 1048-1060.

HUO Wei, LI Shanshan, CHEN Jun, WU Xiaoli, LYU Jinwei, LI Yujuan, CHEN Huili. Research progress on plant extracts for controlling root-knot nematodes[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 1048-1060.

图/表 2

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科 Family	种 Species	提取方法 Extraction method	活性成分 Active ingredient	参考文献 Reference
菊科 Asteraceae	万寿菊 Tagetes erecta	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	α-三联噻吩、联噻吩 α-Trithiophene, bithiophene	[15-19]
	金盏花 Calendula officinalis	微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法 Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation	齐墩果酸、菊酯 Oleanolic acid, pyrethin	[20-21]
	茼蒿 Chrysanthemum coronaria	冷浸法 Cold immersion method 闪式提取法 Flash extraction method	小白菊内酯、金丝桃苷、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯 Parthenolide, hyperoside, α-pinene, β-pinene	[20,22]
	菊芋 Helianthus tuberosus	浸提法 Leaching method	苯乙醇、丁香酚、吲哚、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 Phenylethanol, eugenol, indole, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol	[23-24]
	肿柄菊 Tithonia diversifolia	萃取法 Extraction 索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction method	α-松油醇、1,8-桉树、单萜、生物碱 α-Terpineol, 1,8-cineole, monoterpene, biological alkaloid	[26-27]
	千里光 Senecio scandens	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	千里光碱 Jacobine	[28-29]
	黄花蒿 Artemisia annua	超声波提取法、索氏提取法 Ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction method	倍半萜,(E)-β-法呢烯 Sesquiterpene, (E)-β-farnesene	[30]
	鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	萃取法 Extraction	单萜、桉叶素 Monoterpene, 1,8-cineole	[30]
	除虫菊 Pyrethrum cinerariifolium	萃取法 Extraction	倍半萜、广藿香烯 Sesquiterpene, β-patchoulene	[30]
豆科 Leguminosae	苦豆子 Sophora alopecuroides	萃取法 Extraction 索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction method	苦参碱、苦豆碱、氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱 Matrine, aloperine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine	[31-32]
	大豆 Glycine max	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	类黄酮化合物、3-丙二胺、5-戊二胺、丁二胺 Flavonoids, 3-propylenediamine, 5-pentanediamine, tetramethylenediamine	[34-35]
	胡芦巴 Trigonella foenum-graecum	浸提法 Leaching method	黄酮类化合物、皂苷类化合物 Flavonoid compounds, saponins compounds	[36]
	腊肠树 Cassia fistula	萃取法、浸提法 Extraction, leaching method	烟碱、茄碱 Nicotine, solanine	[36-37]
	水黄皮 Pongamia glabra	浸提法 Leaching method	黄酮类化合物、黄芩苷、黄芩素 Flavonoids compounds, baicalin, baicalein	[36]
楝科 Meliaceae	印楝 Azadirachta indica	超临界萃取法,微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法 Supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation	印楝素 Azadirachtin	[40-41]
芸香科 Rutaceae	苦橙 Citrus aurantium L.	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	柠檬烯 Limonene	[44]
	甜橙 Citrus sinensis L.	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	柠檬烯 Limonene	[44]
	芸香 Ruta graveolens L.	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	佛手柑内酯、香豆素类化合物 Bergapten, coumarin compounds	[44]
	臭常山 Orixa japonica	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	吡咯生物碱 Pyrrole alkaloid	[71]
百合科 Liliaceae	大蒜 Allium sativum	超声辅助渗漉法 Ultrasonic assisted percolation method	大蒜素、硫代半胱氨酸 Garlicin, thiocysteine	[45-48]
	藜芦 Veratrum nigrum	浸提法 Leaching method	藜芦碱 Veratrine	[49]
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	骆驼蓬 Peganum harmala	萃取法 Extraction	骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱 Harmaline, harmine	[7,50]
茄科 Solanaceae	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	浸提法 Leaching method	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	[51-52]
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	土荆芥 Chenopodium ambrosioides	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	驱蛔素、对异丙基甲苯、α-萜品烯、二戊烯 Ascaridol, p-isopropyl toluene, α-terpinene, dipentene	[53-54]
唇形科 Lamiaceae	百里香 Thymus mongolicus	萃取法 Extraction	单萜酚类物质、百里香酚 Monoterpene phenols, thymol	[5,55]
	留兰香 Mentha spicata	浸提法 Leaching method	酚类 Phenols	[60]
	美国薄荷 Monarda didyma	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	香芹酚 Carvacrol	[57]
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	蓖麻 Ricinus communis	先微波提取法粗提,后索氏提取法精提 Microwave-assisted extraction followed by Soxhlet extraction	蓖麻碱、γ-癸内酯 Ricinine, γ-decanolactone	[56]
苦木科 Simaroubaceae	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	萃取法 Extraction	烯醛、糠醛 Olefin aldehyde, furfural	[61]
罂粟科 Papaveraceae	博落回 Macleaya cordata	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	别隐品碱、屈菜红碱 Allocryptopine, chelerythrine	[70]
椴树科 Tiliaceae	粗齿刺蒴麻 Triumfetta grandidens	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	喹啉酮生物碱 Quinolinone alkaloid	[72]
马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	马缨丹 Lantana camara	浸提法 Leaching method 索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction method	萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物、齐墩果酸 Terpenoids compounds, flavonoids, oleanolic acid	[73]

科 Family	种 Species	提取方法 Extraction method	活性成分 Active ingredient	参考文献 Reference
菊科 Asteraceae	万寿菊 Tagetes erecta	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	α-三联噻吩、联噻吩 α-Trithiophene, bithiophene	[15-19]
	金盏花 Calendula officinalis	微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法 Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation	齐墩果酸、菊酯 Oleanolic acid, pyrethin	[20-21]
	茼蒿 Chrysanthemum coronaria	冷浸法 Cold immersion method 闪式提取法 Flash extraction method	小白菊内酯、金丝桃苷、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯 Parthenolide, hyperoside, α-pinene, β-pinene	[20,22]
	菊芋 Helianthus tuberosus	浸提法 Leaching method	苯乙醇、丁香酚、吲哚、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 Phenylethanol, eugenol, indole, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol	[23-24]
	肿柄菊 Tithonia diversifolia	萃取法 Extraction 索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction method	α-松油醇、1,8-桉树、单萜、生物碱 α-Terpineol, 1,8-cineole, monoterpene, biological alkaloid	[26-27]
	千里光 Senecio scandens	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	千里光碱 Jacobine	[28-29]
	黄花蒿 Artemisia annua	超声波提取法、索氏提取法 Ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction method	倍半萜,(E)-β-法呢烯 Sesquiterpene, (E)-β-farnesene	[30]
	鬼针草 Bidens pilosa	萃取法 Extraction	单萜、桉叶素 Monoterpene, 1,8-cineole	[30]
	除虫菊 Pyrethrum cinerariifolium	萃取法 Extraction	倍半萜、广藿香烯 Sesquiterpene, β-patchoulene	[30]
豆科 Leguminosae	苦豆子 Sophora alopecuroides	萃取法 Extraction 索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction method	苦参碱、苦豆碱、氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱 Matrine, aloperine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine	[31-32]
	大豆 Glycine max	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	类黄酮化合物、3-丙二胺、5-戊二胺、丁二胺 Flavonoids, 3-propylenediamine, 5-pentanediamine, tetramethylenediamine	[34-35]
	胡芦巴 Trigonella foenum-graecum	浸提法 Leaching method	黄酮类化合物、皂苷类化合物 Flavonoid compounds, saponins compounds	[36]
	腊肠树 Cassia fistula	萃取法、浸提法 Extraction, leaching method	烟碱、茄碱 Nicotine, solanine	[36-37]
	水黄皮 Pongamia glabra	浸提法 Leaching method	黄酮类化合物、黄芩苷、黄芩素 Flavonoids compounds, baicalin, baicalein	[36]
楝科 Meliaceae	印楝 Azadirachta indica	超临界萃取法,微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法 Supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation	印楝素 Azadirachtin	[40-41]
芸香科 Rutaceae	苦橙 Citrus aurantium L.	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	柠檬烯 Limonene	[44]
	甜橙 Citrus sinensis L.	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	柠檬烯 Limonene	[44]
	芸香 Ruta graveolens L.	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	佛手柑内酯、香豆素类化合物 Bergapten, coumarin compounds	[44]
	臭常山 Orixa japonica	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	吡咯生物碱 Pyrrole alkaloid	[71]
百合科 Liliaceae	大蒜 Allium sativum	超声辅助渗漉法 Ultrasonic assisted percolation method	大蒜素、硫代半胱氨酸 Garlicin, thiocysteine	[45-48]
	藜芦 Veratrum nigrum	浸提法 Leaching method	藜芦碱 Veratrine	[49]
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	骆驼蓬 Peganum harmala	萃取法 Extraction	骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱 Harmaline, harmine	[7,50]
茄科 Solanaceae	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	浸提法 Leaching method	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	[51-52]
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	土荆芥 Chenopodium ambrosioides	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	驱蛔素、对异丙基甲苯、α-萜品烯、二戊烯 Ascaridol, p-isopropyl toluene, α-terpinene, dipentene	[53-54]
唇形科 Lamiaceae	百里香 Thymus mongolicus	萃取法 Extraction	单萜酚类物质、百里香酚 Monoterpene phenols, thymol	[5,55]
	留兰香 Mentha spicata	浸提法 Leaching method	酚类 Phenols	[60]
	美国薄荷 Monarda didyma	水蒸气蒸馏法 Steam distillation	香芹酚 Carvacrol	[57]
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	蓖麻 Ricinus communis	先微波提取法粗提,后索氏提取法精提 Microwave-assisted extraction followed by Soxhlet extraction	蓖麻碱、γ-癸内酯 Ricinine, γ-decanolactone	[56]
苦木科 Simaroubaceae	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	萃取法 Extraction	烯醛、糠醛 Olefin aldehyde, furfural	[61]
罂粟科 Papaveraceae	博落回 Macleaya cordata	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	别隐品碱、屈菜红碱 Allocryptopine, chelerythrine	[70]
椴树科 Tiliaceae	粗齿刺蒴麻 Triumfetta grandidens	超声波提取法 Ultrasonic extraction	喹啉酮生物碱 Quinolinone alkaloid	[72]
马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	马缨丹 Lantana camara	浸提法 Leaching method 索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction method	萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物、齐墩果酸 Terpenoids compounds, flavonoids, oleanolic acid	[73]

植物提取物防治根结线虫的研究进展

Research progress on plant extracts for controlling root-knot nematodes

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