微生物菌肥对土壤养分、甜瓜品质与病虫害防治效果的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250255

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 909-918.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250255

微生物菌肥对土壤养分、甜瓜品质与病虫害防治效果的影响

李洋¹(), 刘战群², 贺润平¹, 赵飞¹, 邢鲲¹^,^*(), 杨存弟³, 蒲秀兰³

¹ 山西农业大学植物保护学院, 山西太原 030031
² 忻州绿林农林有限公司, 山西忻州 034000
³ 繁峙县农业产业发展中心, 山西繁峙 034300

收稿日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-02
作者简介:李洋,研究方向为农业有害生物综合治理。E-mail:lyang0512@126.com
通讯作者: *邢鲲,E-mail:xingkun1215@126.com
基金资助:
山西农业大学杂粮研究院科研项目(ZL20230501)

Effects of microbial fertilizer on soil nutrients, melon quality, pest and disease control efficacy

LI Yang¹(), LIU Zhanqun², HE Runping¹, ZHAO Fei¹, XING Kun¹^,^*(), YANG Cundi³, PU Xiulan³

¹ College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
² Xinzhou Green Forest Agriculture and Forestry Co., Ltd.,Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, China
³ Agricultural Industry Development Center in Fanzhi County, Fanzhi 034300, Shanxi, China

Received:2025-03-28 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着现代农业的发展,提高甜瓜的产量与品质的同时实现可持续种植已成为农业生产中亟待解决的问题。本文旨在探究微生物菌肥对土壤肥力、甜瓜品质性状及抗逆性的影响,设置不同施肥时间、不同施肥剂量、不同类型菌肥处理,测定甜瓜生长性状(株高、叶片含水量、果实含水量、茎含水量、叶绿素含量)、抗氧化酶活性[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶( POD)]、品质性状(总糖、还原糖、维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量)、土壤养分含量(全氮、全磷、全钾、铁、锌、钙、镁、硼)以及病虫害的防治效果。结果表明,微生物菌肥的施用显著(p<0.05)提高了土壤肥力和甜瓜品质。与对照(CK)相比,BL3处理(11月上旬每667 m²施用10袋菌肥)的土壤铁、锌、钙、硼、镁等元素含量均显著增加且达到最高。总糖、还原糖、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量均显著增加且达到最高。BL3处理的病虫害防治效果最好,CAT、POD、SOD活性也最高。综上所述,微生物菌肥在改善土壤肥力、提高甜瓜品质性状和增强抗逆性方面均具有优势,本研究可为甜瓜高效种植提供科学依据和技术支持。

关键词: 微生物菌肥, 设施甜瓜, 土壤养分, 品质性状, 病虫害防治效果

Abstract:

With the development of modern agriculture, improving the yield and quality of melon while achieving sustainable planting has become an urgent problem in agricultural production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizer on soil fertility, melon quality traits, and stress resistance. Different fertilization timings, dosages, and types were set up to measure melon growth traits (plant height, leaf moisture content, fruit moisture content, stem moisture content, chlorophyll content), antioxidant enzyme activities ( CAT, SOD, POD), quality traits (total sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin C, titratable acid, soluble solids content), soil nutrient contents (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, boron), and the disease and pest control efficacy. The results showed that the microbial fertilizer significantly(p<0.05) enhanced soil fertility and improved the melon quality. Compared with CK, the soil iron, zinc, calcium, boron, magnesium contents in BL3 treatment (applying 10 bags of bacterial fertilizer per 667 m² in early November) significantly increased and reached the highest level. Total sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin C, and soluble solids content all significantly increased and reached the highest level. BL3 treatment had the best disease and pest control efficacy, and the activities of CAT, POD, and SOD were also the highest. In summary, microbial fertilizer had advantages in soil fertility, quality traits, and stress resistance. This study provides scientific basis and technical support for efficient melon cultivation.

Key words: microbial fertilizer, facility melon, soil nutrient, quality trait, pest and disease control efficacy

中图分类号:

S652

李洋, 刘战群, 贺润平, 赵飞, 邢鲲, 杨存弟, 蒲秀兰. 微生物菌肥对土壤养分、甜瓜品质与病虫害防治效果的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(5): 909-918.

LI Yang, LIU Zhanqun, HE Runping, ZHAO Fei, XING Kun, YANG Cundi, PU Xiulan. Effects of microbial fertilizer on soil nutrients, melon quality, pest and disease control efficacy[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(5): 909-918.

图/表 7

参考文献 35

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位置 Location	pH值 pH value	含量/(g·kg^-1) Content/(g·kg^-1)					电导率/(mS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
位置 Location	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter	有机碳 Organic carbon	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium	电导率/(mS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
部落村Buluo Village	7.59	18.80	10.93	1.57	0.13	20.80	262.00
太平村Taiping Village	7.66	18.77	10.90	1.65	0.14	20.40	231.33

位置 Location	pH值 pH value	含量/(g·kg^-1) Content/(g·kg^-1)					电导率/(mS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
位置 Location	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter	有机碳 Organic carbon	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium	电导率/(mS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
部落村Buluo Village	7.59	18.80	10.93	1.57	0.13	20.80	262.00
太平村Taiping Village	7.66	18.77	10.90	1.65	0.14	20.40	231.33

处理 Treatment	含量 Content
处理 Treatment	全氮/ (g·kg^-1) Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷/ (g·kg^-1) Total phosphorus/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾/ (g·kg^-1) Total potassium/ (g·kg^-1)	铁/ (mg·kg^-1) Iron/ (mg·kg^-1)	锌/ (mg·kg^-1) Zinc/ (mg·kg^-1)	钙/ (g·kg^-1) Calcium/ (g·kg^-1)	镁/ (g·kg^-1) Magnesium/ (g·kg^-1)	硼/ (mg·kg^-1) Boron/ (mg·kg^-1)
BL1	4.72± 0.11 b	9.11± 0.14 a	24.40± 0.23 c	137.33± 5.27 c	44.23± 1.74 c	88.20± 2.56 bc	11.93± 0.34 b	78.80± 1.36 ab
BL2	4.99± 0.12 ab	7.94± 0.12 b	23.72± 0.22 cd	164.33± 6.30 b	52.97± 2.08 b	93.97± 2.72 b	10.53± 0.30 c	76.97± 1.33 b
BL3	5.10± 0.12 ab	7.51± 0.12 c	27.83± 0.26 a	197.00± 7.56 a	60.77± 2.39 a	105.00± 3.04 a	14.53± 0.42 a	82.80± 1.43 a
TP1	5.28± 0.13 a	7.41± 0.11 c	24.30± 0.23 c	109.67± 4.21 d	47.53± 1.87 c	82.37± 2.39 c	8.98± 0.26 d	69.77± 1.20 c
TP2	5.04± 0.12 ab	7.17± 0.11 c	24.26± 0.24 c	109.77± 4.21 d	39.50± 1.55 d	71.10± 2.06 d	12.40± 0.36 b	72.07± 1.24 c
YJ1	3.79± 0.09 c	8.03± 0.12 b	25.73± 0.24 b	95.63± 3.67 de	31.97± 1.26 e	21.37± 0.62 f	6.84± 0.20 e	47.93± 0.83 e
YJ2	3.75± 0.09 c	6.71± 0.10 d	23.31± 0.22 d	95.00± 3.64 de	28.93± 1.14 e	39.80± 1.15 e	9.70± 0.28 cd	53.77± 0.93 d
CK	2.48± 0.06 d	6.48± 0.10 d	14.86± 0.14 e	81.33± 3.12 e	31.13± 1.23 e	36.63± 1.06 e	10.00± 0.29 cd	30.17± 0.52 f

处理 Treatment	含量 Content
处理 Treatment	全氮/ (g·kg^-1) Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷/ (g·kg^-1) Total phosphorus/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾/ (g·kg^-1) Total potassium/ (g·kg^-1)	铁/ (mg·kg^-1) Iron/ (mg·kg^-1)	锌/ (mg·kg^-1) Zinc/ (mg·kg^-1)	钙/ (g·kg^-1) Calcium/ (g·kg^-1)	镁/ (g·kg^-1) Magnesium/ (g·kg^-1)	硼/ (mg·kg^-1) Boron/ (mg·kg^-1)
BL1	4.72± 0.11 b	9.11± 0.14 a	24.40± 0.23 c	137.33± 5.27 c	44.23± 1.74 c	88.20± 2.56 bc	11.93± 0.34 b	78.80± 1.36 ab
BL2	4.99± 0.12 ab	7.94± 0.12 b	23.72± 0.22 cd	164.33± 6.30 b	52.97± 2.08 b	93.97± 2.72 b	10.53± 0.30 c	76.97± 1.33 b
BL3	5.10± 0.12 ab	7.51± 0.12 c	27.83± 0.26 a	197.00± 7.56 a	60.77± 2.39 a	105.00± 3.04 a	14.53± 0.42 a	82.80± 1.43 a
TP1	5.28± 0.13 a	7.41± 0.11 c	24.30± 0.23 c	109.67± 4.21 d	47.53± 1.87 c	82.37± 2.39 c	8.98± 0.26 d	69.77± 1.20 c
TP2	5.04± 0.12 ab	7.17± 0.11 c	24.26± 0.24 c	109.77± 4.21 d	39.50± 1.55 d	71.10± 2.06 d	12.40± 0.36 b	72.07± 1.24 c
YJ1	3.79± 0.09 c	8.03± 0.12 b	25.73± 0.24 b	95.63± 3.67 de	31.97± 1.26 e	21.37± 0.62 f	6.84± 0.20 e	47.93± 0.83 e
YJ2	3.75± 0.09 c	6.71± 0.10 d	23.31± 0.22 d	95.00± 3.64 de	28.93± 1.14 e	39.80± 1.15 e	9.70± 0.28 cd	53.77± 0.93 d
CK	2.48± 0.06 d	6.48± 0.10 d	14.86± 0.14 e	81.33± 3.12 e	31.13± 1.23 e	36.63± 1.06 e	10.00± 0.29 cd	30.17± 0.52 f

处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量/(mg·kg^-1) Chlorophyll content/ (mg·kg^-1)	株高/m Plant height/m	果实含水量/% Fruit moisture content/%	茎含水量/% Stem moisture content/%	叶片含水量/% Leaf moisture content/%
BL1	1 290.66±293.84 a	1.28±0.00 e	87.87±0.96 a	94.67±1.35 a	84.77±1.17 c
BL2	1 559.00±84.15 a	1.35±0.01 d	88.12±0.96 a	93.19±1.33 a	85.44±1.18 c
BL3	1 370.33±36.12 a	1.35±0.01 d	88.82±0.97 a	93.13±1.33 a	84.03±1.16 c
TP1	1 348.33±72.98 a	1.04±0.01 g	87.48±0.96 a	93.24±1.33 a	87.10±1.21 bc
TP2	1 242.00±152.52 a	1.11±0.01 f	87.24±0.95 a	94.27±1.35 a	87.52±1.21 bc
YJ1	1 417.66±543.19 a	1.62±0.01 b	82.81±0.90 b	94.70±1.35 a	92.27±1.28 a
YJ2	1 501.33±205.81 a	1.53±0.01 c	83.02±0.91 b	93.74±1.34 a	93.13±1.29 a
CK	1 418.33±300.19 a	1.64±0.01 a	82.36±0.90 b	94.06±1.34 a	90.86±1.26 ab

微生物菌肥对土壤养分、甜瓜品质与病虫害防治效果的影响

Effects of microbial fertilizer on soil nutrients, melon quality, pest and disease control efficacy

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处理 Treatment	总糖含量/(mg·g^-1) Total sugar content/(mg·g^-1)	还原糖含量/(mg·g^-1) Reducing sugar content/(mg·g^-1)	维生素C含量/(mg·kg^-1) Vitamin C content/(mg·kg^-1)	可滴定酸含量/% Titratable acid content/%	可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solids content/%
BL1	6.68±0.19 d	3.91±0.11 d	32.23±0.64 bc	0.14±0.004 b	11.80±0.35 c
BL2	7.69±0.05 c	4.41±0.25 c	33.40±1.31 b	0.14±0.003 b	12.10±0.26 c
BL3	8.64±0.20 a	5.77±0.25 a	38.90±0.35 a	0.15±0.01 ab	14.97±0.22 a
TP1	8.02±0.09 b	4.75±0.11 b	31.30±1.06 cd	0.11±0.01 c	12.90±0.35 b
TP2	8.10±0.10 b	4.53±0.11 bc	31.30±1.06 cd	0.11±0.01 c	12.90±0.10 b
YJ1	5.48±0.72 f	3.70±0.16 d	29.90±0.35 de	0.11±0.01 c	10.20±0.10 d
YJ2	6.14±0.08 e	3.90±0.19 d	29.23±0.86 e	0.11±0.02 c	10.07±0.74 de
CK	5.95±0.09 e	3.98±0.14 d	30.10±0.56 de	0.16±0.01 a	9.50±0.17 e

处理 Treatment	土传病害 Soil-borne diseases		白粉病 Powdery mildew		霜霉病 Downy mildew
处理 Treatment	发病率/% Incidence rate/%	防治效果/% Control efficacy/%	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficacy/%	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficacy/%	虫口数 Number of insects	防治效果/% Control efficacy/%
BL1	2.67	71.67±10.41 ab	0.11	61.79±11.14 ab	0.03	59.91±3.35 a	9	73.04±11.14 abc
BL2	2.67	70.00±17.32 ab	0.11	64.62±4.22 ab	0.04	54.05±2.93 a	9	73.97±4.22 abc
BL3	2.00	78.33±2.89 a	0.09	70.06±5.31 a	0.03	67.34±9.95 a	6	83.04±5.31 a
TP1	2.00	78.12±2.89 a	0.09	69.20±8.48 a	0.03	65.82±9.32 a	6	82.66±8.48 a
TP2	2.67	73.33±11.55 ab	0.12	61.31±4.55 ab	0.03	60.36±6.83 a	8	78.23±4.55 ab
YJ1	4.67	50.00±10.00 b	0.15	49.62±3.98 b	0.04	50.46±16.22 a	12	66.05±3.98 bc
YJ2	3.33	65.00±21.79 ab	0.14	52.31±8.63 ab	0.04	54.27±13.78 a	12	63.59±8.63 c
CK	9.33	—	0.30	—	0.09	—	35	—

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