不同有机物料及施入深度对作物生长和滨海农田土壤改良的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240487

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1246-1257.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240487

不同有机物料及施入深度对作物生长和滨海农田土壤改良的影响

汪峰(), 柴伟纲, 朱诗君, 刘健, 姚红燕, 金树权^*()

宁波市农业科学研究院宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315040

收稿日期:2024-06-05 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
作者简介:汪峰,研究方向为农田土壤碳氮循环、土壤改良、农业废弃物利用。E-mail:fwang82@163.com
通讯作者: ^*金树权,E-mail:jinshuq@126.com
基金资助:
宁波市公益类科技计划(2021S018);宁波市公益类科技计划(2023S230);宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项(2022Z169)

Effect of different organic materials and application depth on soil improvement and crop growth in coastal farmland

WANG Feng(), CHAI Weigang, ZHU Shijun, LIU Jian, YAO Hongyan, JIN Shuquan^*()

Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-06-05 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究在浙江北部典型滨海盐碱化耕地中设置田间小区试验,以鲜食毛豆和西蓝花周年轮作系统为对象,分析不同有机物料(KW:厨余堆肥;MR:菌渣有机肥;OBF:生物炭+有机肥;MBF:生物炭基肥)和施入深度(D:深施,旋耕30 cm翻入肥料;M:浅施,旋耕20 cm翻入肥料;S:表施,土层表面施肥)对土壤性质和作物生长的影响。结果表明,施入不同有机物料均能促进毛豆和西蓝花的生长,D-OBF、D-MBF、M-OBF、M-MBF等4个处理下鲜食毛豆和西蓝花的产量均较高,鲜食毛豆产量达10.0~10.8 t·hm^-2,比CK增产31.6%~42.1%,西蓝花产量16.0~16.7 t·hm^-2,比CK增产27.0%~32.5%,周年增产效益达5 534~8 164元·hm^-2;深施和浅施处理耕层的土壤电导率均大幅下降,其中深施对全耕层土壤有机质含量的提升作用显著,D-MBF和D-OBF处理耕层上部(0~15 cm)的有机质含量分别比CK增加1.7~2.2 g·kg^-1、耕层下部(16~30 cm)分别增加0.9~1.4 g·kg^-1。因此,利用生物炭配施有机肥或生物炭基肥配合适度深耕施入对滨海盐碱化土壤培肥改良效果较好,该技术在我国滨海中低产田具有较大的推广应用潜力。

关键词: 生物炭, 有机肥, 深度, 滨海盐碱土, 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out in a typical coastal saline-alkali cultivated soil in northern Zhejiang Province, with the annual rotation system of vegetable soybean and broccoli as the research object. The effects of different organic materials (KW: kitchen waste, MR: mushroom residue, OBF: biochar+organic fertilizer, MBF: biochar-based fertilizer) and application depth(D: Deep application, with fertilizer incorporated by rotary tillage to a depth of 30 cm; M: Shallow application, with fertilizer incorporated by rotary tillage to a depth of 20 cm; S: Surface application, with fertilizer applied to the surface of the soil layer)on soil properties and crop growth were analyzed. Our results showed that application of different organic materials could promote the growth of vegetable soybean and broccoli. Under the four treatments (D-OBF, D-MBF, M-OBF, and M-MBF), the yields of vegetable soybean and broccoli were all higher. The edamame yield reached 10.0-10.8 t·hm^-2, representing a 31.6%-42.1% increase over the CK, while the broccoli yield was 16.0-16.7 t·hm^-2, showing a 27.0%-32.5% increase compared to CK, and the annual economic benefit was 5 534-8 164 yuan·hm^-2. Deep and shallow application treatment significantly decreased the soil EC, while deep application significantly increased the soil organic matter content in the entire topsoil layer. The organic matter content in the top surface layer (0-15 cm) under D-MBF and D-OBF treatment increased 1.7-2.2 g·kg^-1and 0.9-1.4 g·kg^-1in the lower surface layer (16-30 cm), respectively, compared with CK. Therefore, the application of biochar combined with organic fertilizer or biochar-based fertilizer combined with moderate deep ploughing has a good effect on the improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil, and this technology has a great potential for application in China’s coastal middle and low yield fields.

Key words: biochar, organic fertilizer, depth, coastal saline-alkali soil, yield

中图分类号:

S156.4

汪峰, 柴伟纲, 朱诗君, 刘健, 姚红燕, 金树权. 不同有机物料及施入深度对作物生长和滨海农田土壤改良的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(6): 1246-1257.

WANG Feng, CHAI Weigang, ZHU Shijun, LIU Jian, YAO Hongyan, JIN Shuquan. Effect of different organic materials and application depth on soil improvement and crop growth in coastal farmland[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1246-1257.

图/表 8

参考文献 41

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供试物料 Test material	含水率/% Water content/%	pH值 pH value	电导率/(μS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)	有机碳含量/% Organic C content/%	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total P content/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total K content/ (g·kg^-1)
厨余堆肥Kitchen waste	66	6.57	2 352	9.7	8.0	9.4	0.9
菌渣堆肥Mushroom residue	63	6.13	7 182	12.3	6.0	3.5	3.6
商品有机肥Organic fertilizer	28	6.08	372	12.3	33.2	5.7	12.2
生物炭Biochar	3	8.58	2 297	16.0	4.4	3.4	34.9
生物炭基肥 Biochar-based fertilizer	7	5.66	48	22.5	55.0	2.2	15.2

供试物料 Test material	含水率/% Water content/%	pH值 pH value	电导率/(μS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)	有机碳含量/% Organic C content/%	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total P content/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total K content/ (g·kg^-1)
厨余堆肥Kitchen waste	66	6.57	2 352	9.7	8.0	9.4	0.9
菌渣堆肥Mushroom residue	63	6.13	7 182	12.3	6.0	3.5	3.6
商品有机肥Organic fertilizer	28	6.08	372	12.3	33.2	5.7	12.2
生物炭Biochar	3	8.58	2 297	16.0	4.4	3.4	34.9
生物炭基肥 Biochar-based fertilizer	7	5.66	48	22.5	55.0	2.2	15.2

处理 Treatment	成活率/% Survival rate/%	株高/cm Plant height/cm	叶片SPAD Leaf SPAD	结实率/% Seed setting rate/%	百荚重/g 100-pod weight/g
CK	70.7±3.8 d	16.0±1.4 c	33.4±0.2 c	83.0±3.6 b	279±3 c
D-KW	72.2±1.7 cd	18.2±0.6 b	35.0±0.3 b	88.1±3.3 a	290±11 bc
D-MR	75.7±0.1 bc	18.3±0.8 b	34.9±0.5 b	88.0±2.1 a	295±4 b
D-OBF	79.1±1.4 ab	20.4±0.6 a	35.5±0.2 a	89.1±1.8 a	321±6 a
D-MBF	81.1±2.8 a	19.6±1.3 ab	34.9±0.4 b	92.0±1.2 a	332±10 a

处理 Treatment	成活率/% Survival rate/%	株高/cm Plant height/cm	叶片SPAD Leaf SPAD	结实率/% Seed setting rate/%	百荚重/g 100-pod weight/g
CK	70.7±3.8 d	16.0±1.4 c	33.4±0.2 c	83.0±3.6 b	279±3 c
D-KW	72.2±1.7 cd	18.2±0.6 b	35.0±0.3 b	88.1±3.3 a	290±11 bc
D-MR	75.7±0.1 bc	18.3±0.8 b	34.9±0.5 b	88.0±2.1 a	295±4 b
D-OBF	79.1±1.4 ab	20.4±0.6 a	35.5±0.2 a	89.1±1.8 a	321±6 a
D-MBF	81.1±2.8 a	19.6±1.3 ab	34.9±0.4 b	92.0±1.2 a	332±10 a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Leaf width	展开度 Plant spread	花球直径 Head diameter	茎粗 Stem diameter
CK	55.1±2.6 c	29.3±1.1 b	21.9±0.8 b	62.6±3.3 ab	13.0±0.4 d	4.0±0.1 a
D-KW	59.6±0.2 ab	31.3±0.5 ab	21.2±0.9 b	60.6±1.9 b	13.9±0.3 bc	4.0±0.1 a
D-MR	59.0±1.3 ab	31.7±1.6 a	22.0±1.0 b	67.5±4.6 ab	13.7±0.3 c	4.0±0.1 a
D-OBF	61.5±2.5 a	31.2±1.0 ab	24.6±1.1 a	68.2±5.6 a	14.1±0.2 b	4.2±0.1 a
D-MBF	56.4±0.5 bc	30.0±0.1 ab	21.8±0.4 b	64.7±2.0 ab	14.6±0.4 a	4.0±0.1 a

不同有机物料及施入深度对作物生长和滨海农田土壤改良的影响

Effect of different organic materials and application depth on soil improvement and crop growth in coastal farmland

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处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Alkeline N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)	阳离子交换量/ (cmol·kg^-1) Cation exchange capacity/ (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	8.3±0.1 a	505±38 a	11.9±0.1 d	0.57±0.05 b	30.3±1.7 a	44.4±2.4 b	310±16 a	6.3±0.1 b
D-OBF	8.2±0.1 ab	351±46 b	13.6±0.3 ab	0.75±0.05 a	32.6±1.7 a	57.2±1.5 a	332±23 a	6.9±0.3 a
D-MBF	8.0±0.1 b	304±37 b	14.1±0.2 a	0.76±0.05 a	39.2±1.1 a	55.4±1.1 a	283±9 a	6.8±0.1 a
M-OBF	8.2±0.1 ab	291±36 b	13.1±0.3 bc	0.68±0.05 ab	33.4±2.3 a	53.0±1.4 ab	276±17 a	6.7±0.1 a
M-MBF	8.1±0.1 ab	317±21 b	13.6±0.5 ab	0.75±0.03 a	32.4±0.8 a	54.9±5.6 a	323±27 a	6.8±0.1 a
S-OBF	8.2±0.1 ab	414±34 ab	12.7±0.1 c	0.60±0.02 b	32.0±2.0 a	49.7±3.2 ab	305±21 a	6.8±0.1 a
S-MBF	8.2±0.1 ab	489±53 a	12.9±0.3 bc	0.64±0.03 ab	32.9±0.4 a	44.9±0.4 b	272±15 a	6.7±0.1 a

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	电导率/ (μS·cm^-1) Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Alkeline N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)	阳离子交换量/ (cmol·kg^-1) Cation exchange capacity/ (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	8.2±0.1 a	919±24 a	9.0±0.2 b	0.49±0.07 c	28.7±0.8 c	18.3±2.0 d	161±2 e	5.8±0.1 e
D-OBF	8.0±0.1 a	561±35 c	10.4±0.3 a	0.69±0.03 a	36.2±0.9 a	37.6±1.6 a	255±4 a	6.9±0.1 a
D-MBF	8.0±0.1 a	555±5 c	9.9±0.3 a	0.66±0.06 ab	36.4±1.2 a	38.1±0.7 a	254±3 a	6.7±0.2 ab
M-OBF	8.1±0.1 a	644±21 c	9.3±0.2 b	0.59±0.02 abc	32.8±1.1 b	26.2±1.4 b	220±2 c	6.5±0.1 bc
M-MBF	8.1±0.1 a	625±50 c	9.3±0.4 b	0.54±0.01 bc	31.3±1.0 bc	25.4±1.7 b	231±3 b	6.7±0.1 ab
S-OBF	8.2±0.1 a	736±48 b	9.3±0.3 b	0.53±0.01 c	29.2±1.4 c	19.9±1.0 cd	183±5 d	6.3±0.1 cd
S-MBF	8.2±0.1 a	871±49 a	9.0±0.2 b	0.55±0.02 bc	29.2±1.0 c	22.9±0.7 bc	166±2 e	6.1±0.1 de

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)		土壤改良成本/(元·hm^-2) Soil improvement cost/ (yuan·hm^-2)	经济效益/(元·hm^-2) Economic benefit/ (yuan·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	毛豆 Vegetable soybean	西蓝花 Broccoli	土壤改良成本/(元·hm^-2) Soil improvement cost/ (yuan·hm^-2)	经济效益/(元·hm^-2) Economic benefit/ (yuan·hm^-2)
CK	7.6	12.6	0	14 500
D-KW	8.4	13.8	7 056	14 844
D-MR	8.6	13.5	5 400	16 250
D-OBF	10.1	16.0	15 786	20 614
D-MBF	10.8	16.3	20 216	20 034
M-OBF	10.0	16.7	15 786	22 664
M-MBF	10.8	16.3	20 216	20 034
S-OBF	8.9	13.9	15 786	8 464
S-MBF	9.4	14.6	20 216	8 484

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