Effects of heat stress and spray-fan cooling system on physiology and production efficiency of dairy cows in different lactation stages

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.04

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1602-1610.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.04

• Animal Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of heat stress and spray-fan cooling system on physiology and production efficiency of dairy cows in different lactation stages

SHEN Liuhong¹(), CHENG Lijie¹, YOU Liuchao¹, YONG Kang², LUO Zhengzhong¹, CHEN Jiubing¹, LUO Qiao¹, YU Shumin¹, CAO Suizhong¹^,^*()

1. The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province/The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404155, China

Received:2020-11-10 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-09
Contact: CAO Suizhong

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of heat stress period and spray-fan cooling system on physiology, milk production and morbidity of dairy cows (in different lactation stages), lactating cows were divided as late perinatal (0-21 d), the early lactation (22-120 d), the mid lactation (121-200 d), and the late lactation (201-305 d) according to days in milk. Ten healthy cows (with similar body condition, ages, lactation and 2-4 parities) were selected in each lactation stage (the total was 40) in this study. All cows were managed as usual without manual intervention, spray-fan cooling system was used during the heat stress period. Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed of the cowshed, rectal temperature, respiratory rates, milk production, milk composition, new cases of hoof disease, ketosis, clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis were recorded or measured every day during experiment. The results were as follows: Average temperature in cowshed during the heat stress period was nearly 30 ℃ under spray-fan cooling system, relative humidity was 82%, wind speed was 1.35 m·s^-1 and temperature humidity index (THI) was within the range of moderate heat stress; The average rectal temperature of cows in each lactation stage increased by 0.9 ℃, 0.7 ℃, 0.6 ℃ and 0.5 ℃, respectively, and respiratory rate increased by an average of 32.9, 29.1, 29.3 and 28.5 times per minute, respectively, which was significantly higher than those in non-heat stress period (P<0.01); Average daily milk yields in late-perinatal, early-lactation and mid-lactation decreased significantly (P<0.01) during heat stress period (with a decrease of 9.17%, 18.97% and 13.23%, respectively), whereas there was no significant change in late lactation stage (P>0.05); Initial milk yield of late-perinatal cows decreased, peak value of milk production decreased in all stages. Milk-fat percentage and milk fat/protein of all cows decreased significantly (P<0.01), milk protein also decreased significantly (P<0.05), the decreases were 0.29 percent, 5.23% and 1.61%, respectively; Incidence of hoof disease, ketosis, clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis of all cows increased by 5.77, 0.78, 2.60 and 5.77 percent, respectively. In conclusion, spray-fan cooling system could not significantly improve the thermal environment of cowshed. Heat stress greatly impacted the rectal temperature and respiratory rate of late-perinatal cows, early-lactation cows and mid-lactation cow, leading to the decrease of initial milk production, peak milk yield of cows in all lactation stages and milk quality, and the increase of morbidity.

Key words: spray-fan cooling system, dairy cows, heat stress, physiological indexes, milk production

CLC Number:

S854.5

SHEN Liuhong, CHENG Lijie, YOU Liuchao, YONG Kang, LUO Zhengzhong, CHEN Jiubing, LUO Qiao, YU Shumin, CAO Suizhong. Effects of heat stress and spray-fan cooling system on physiology and production efficiency of dairy cows in different lactation stages[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(9): 1602-1610.

Figures/Tables 8

References 36

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试验时期 Trial periods	θ/℃	湿度 Humidity/%	风速 Wind speed/(m·s^-1)	温湿指数 THI
热应激期舍内In the bari during heat stress period	29.9±1.87 a	82.2±7.61 A	1.35±0.12 A	82.7±2.16 a
热应激期舍外Outside the barn during heat stress period	30.0±2.18 a	74.9±7.38 B	0.40±0.29 B	81.2±2.48 b
非热应激期舍内In the bari during non-heat stress period	11.9±1.44	80.7±5.84	0.22±0.06	52.2±2.52

试验时期 Trial periods	θ/℃	湿度 Humidity/%	风速 Wind speed/(m·s^-1)	温湿指数 THI
热应激期舍内In the bari during heat stress period	29.9±1.87 a	82.2±7.61 A	1.35±0.12 A	82.7±2.16 a
热应激期舍外Outside the barn during heat stress period	30.0±2.18 a	74.9±7.38 B	0.40±0.29 B	81.2±2.48 b
非热应激期舍内In the bari during non-heat stress period	11.9±1.44	80.7±5.84	0.22±0.06	52.2±2.52

指标 Index	试验时期 Trial period	新产牛 Late perinatal cows	泌乳前期奶牛 Early lactation cows	泌乳中期奶牛 Mid-lactation cows	泌乳后期奶牛 Late lactation cows	平均值 Average value
直肠温度 Rectal temperature/℃	热应激期 Heat stress period	39.8±0.26 A	39.5±0.33 A	39.3±0.20 A	39.2±0.21 A	39.4±0.35 A
	非热应激期 Non-heat stress period	38.9±0.05 B	38.8±0.06 B	38.7±0.04 B	38.7±0.04 B	38.8±0.08 B
呼吸频率	热应激期	68.1±9.04 a	63.7±9.04 a	63.0±8.57 a	62.3±8.75 a	64.3±9.09 a
Respiration rate/	Heat stress period
(time·min^-1)	非热应激期	35.2±2.04 b	34.6±1.70 b	33.7±1.51 b	33.8±1.32 b	34.5±1.88 b
	Non-heat stress period

指标 Index	试验时期 Trial period	新产牛 Late perinatal cows	泌乳前期奶牛 Early lactation cows	泌乳中期奶牛 Mid-lactation cows	泌乳后期奶牛 Late lactation cows	平均值 Average value
直肠温度 Rectal temperature/℃	热应激期 Heat stress period	39.8±0.26 A	39.5±0.33 A	39.3±0.20 A	39.2±0.21 A	39.4±0.35 A
	非热应激期 Non-heat stress period	38.9±0.05 B	38.8±0.06 B	38.7±0.04 B	38.7±0.04 B	38.8±0.08 B
呼吸频率	热应激期	68.1±9.04 a	63.7±9.04 a	63.0±8.57 a	62.3±8.75 a	64.3±9.09 a
Respiration rate/	Heat stress period
(time·min^-1)	非热应激期	35.2±2.04 b	34.6±1.70 b	33.7±1.51 b	33.8±1.32 b	34.5±1.88 b
	Non-heat stress period

指标 Index	试验时期 Trial period	新产牛 Late perinatal cows	泌乳前期奶牛 Early lactation cows	泌乳中期奶牛 Mid-lactation cows	泌乳后期奶牛 Late lactation cows	平均值 Average value
日均单产	热应激期	26.6±3.41 B	27.9±1.12 B	27.4±1.41 B	18.6±1.32 a	25.1±0.95 B
Average daily	Heat stress period
milk yield/kg	非热应激期	29.2±2.28 A	34.5±0.95 A	31.6±1.95 A	18.0±1.35 a	28.3±0.78 A
	Non-heat stress period
平均泌乳时间	热应激期	12.3±1.14 a	84.3±6.51 a	147.3±5.27 a	253.8±5.17 a	126.8±89.92 a
Average time in milk/d	Heat stress period
	非热应激期	12.3±0.92 a	82.6±8.88 a	149.0±9.13 a	254.5±9.89 a	124.4±90.70 a
	Non-heat stress period

Effects of heat stress and spray-fan cooling system on physiology and production efficiency of dairy cows in different lactation stages

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试验时期 Trial period	乳脂率 Milk fat percentage/%	乳蛋白 Milk protein percentage/%	脂蛋比 Milk fat/protein	体细胞数 Somatic cell count/ (10⁴ mL^-1)
热应激期Heat stress period	4.00±0.07 B	3.36±0.06 b	1.19±0.25 B	26.7±4.80 a
非热应激期Non-heat stress period	4.29±0.10 A	3.42±0.03 a	1.26±0.04 A	25.5±3.47 a

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