Rooting anatomy and physiological enzyme activity of Torreya grandis cuttings

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.14

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1955-1966.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.14

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Rooting anatomy and physiological enzyme activity of Torreya grandis cuttings

JIN Houding¹^,²(), ZHENG Chunying³, HUA Bin⁴, YU Chenliang¹, LI Keyu¹, YU Weiwu¹^,^*()

1. The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. College of Landscape Technology and Art, Shanghai Construction Management Vocational and Technical College, Shanghai 200232, China
3. Lingfengsi Forest Farm in Anji County, Anji 313300, Zhejiang, China
4. Agricultural and Forestry Resources Protection Center in Fuyang District of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311400, China

Received:2021-10-08 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-30
Contact: YU Weiwu

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, planting scale of Torreya grandis has increased significantly. T. grandis is mostly grafted and propagated, and the production cycle is long, while cutting propagation has not been widely used in production.To solve the shortage of seedlings in T. grandis production, the research on its propagation was deepened in this paper, anatomy and changes of related enzyme activities during rooting process were carried out. Effects of Biaodian 3721 rooting solution and Shuangjil No. 6 rooting powder (GGR6) on the rooting rate of T. grandis were compared. The results showed that there were thick-walled tissues but discontinuous in the one-year-old branches of T. grandis, and no latent root primordium. The root primordium originated from callus. The root primordium could be formed quickly about one month after cuttings, but it took a very long time for its development and formation of adventitious roots to break through the callus. The rooting rate and callus rate of T. grandis cuttings in Biaodian treatment were higher than those in GGR6 treatment and control. Changes of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and indole acetate oxidase (IAAO) activities in the cortex at the base of the cuttings were closely related to the rooting of the cuttings. In the early stage of cutting, the activity of POD and SOD increased, while the activity of IAAO decreased; the activity of PPO first decreased and then increased. With the formation of incision callus and root primordium, the activity of POD and SOD gradually decreased, and the activity of IAAO and PPO increased. In the late cutting period, the increase of POD and IAAO activities promoted the elongation and growth of adventitious roots, SOD activity began to recover, and PPO activity tended to be flat. The soluble protein content of each treatment showed an upward trend at the initial stage of cutting, and showed a downward trend with the occurrence of root primordium and the formation and elongation of adventitious roots. The changes of these enzyme activities played an important role in the induction of cutting rooting and growth of T. grandis. The result provided a theoretical basis for the research and development of the cutting technology of torreya cuttings.

Key words: Torreya grandis, cutting, anatomy, rootting, enzyme activity

CLC Number:

S664.5

JIN Houding, ZHENG Chunying, HUA Bin, YU Chenliang, LI Keyu, YU Weiwu. Rooting anatomy and physiological enzyme activity of Torreya grandis cuttings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(9): 1955-1966.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Anatomical observation of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ cuttings a, Transectional shoot; b, Phloem and callus; c, Cuticle of the shoot; d, Leaf trace or branch shoot. Cl, Cuticular layer; Co, Cortex; Ph, Phloem; Php, Parenchyma in phloem; Rd, Resin duct; CrF, Crystalliferous phloem fiber; C, Cambial layer; Xy, Xylem; Pi, Pith; LT/BT, Leaf trace or branch trace; Vc, Vascular column.

Fig.2 Morphological changes in adventitious roots of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ cuttings a, No callus observed (7 days after cutting); b, A thin layer of callus observed (15 days after cutting); c, Obviously protruded yellow-brown callus (20 days after cutting); d, Continuously swelling callus (35 days after cutting); e, The yellow swelling observed at the bottom of the cut (45 days after cutting); f, White adventitious roots breaking through the callus surface (55 days after cutting); g, Elongating adventitious roots observed on half of the cuttings (65 days after cutting); h, The first grade lateral roots observed (95 days after cutting). Bar scale=0.5 cm.

Fig.3 Anatomical observation of developing adventitious roots of Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’ cuttings a and b, Formation of callus; c, Root primordia; d, Connection between adventitious roots and vascular bundle; e and f, Transverse and longitudinal sections of adventitious roots. Ca, Callus; RPIC, Initial cells in root primordia; Cl, Cuticular layer; Co, Cortex; C, Cambial layer; Xy, Xylem; Pi, Pith; Vc, Vascular column; Ar, Adventitious root; Per, Pericycle; PX, Primary xylem; PPh, Primary phloem; RH, Root hair; AM, Apical meristem; M, Meristem; Ez, Elongation zone; Ph, Phloem.

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on cutting rooting of Torreya grandis

处理 Treatments	处理总数 Total	生根数 Rooting number	愈伤数 Callus number	死亡数 Deaths number
对照Control	90	17	34	39
标典Biaodian	90	19	54	17
GGR6	90	14	16	61

Fig.4 Changes of related enzyme activities during rooting of Torreya grandis cuttings Data was detected based on fresh weight. The same as below.

Fig.5 Changes of soluble protein contents during rooting of Torreya grandis cuttings

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Rooting anatomy and physiological enzyme activity of Torreya grandis cuttings

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