Abstract:

In order to understand the genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources and improve the utilization efficiency of peanut germplasm resources, 115 peanut germplasm resources were used as materials. Nineteen agronomic and quality traits were evaluated by coefficient of variation, Simpson diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation coefficients of 19 descriptive traits ranged from 4.21% to 43.42%, in which height of main stem, total branching number, number of branches with pods, pod number per plant and pod yield per plant were rich in variation. The days from sowing to flowering, seed width, shelling percentage, protein content and oil content were relatively stable. Meanwhile, Simpson’s diversity index of the above traits ranged from 1.78 to 2.09. Among them, the linoleic acid content was the smallest, and the seed width was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with pod number per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, pod width and seed width. The 19 agronomic and quality traits were classified into 5 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 77.142%, which could comprehensively summarize the information of the 19 traits. Cluster analysis divided the 115 peanut germplasm resources into 3 groups. The Group Ⅰ was large-fruit peanut resources with excellent comprehensive character performance, which could be used as high-quality parents in breeding. Sixty-eight accessions with high oil content, 27 accessions with high protein content and 6 accessions with high sucrose content were selected, which could be used as high-quality parents for peanut quality breeding.

Key words: peanut, germplasm resources, genetic diversity, identification evaluation