Antifungal activity and mechanism of wood vinegar against several plant pathogenic fungi

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221348

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2149-2159.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221348

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Antifungal activity and mechanism of wood vinegar against several plant pathogenic fungi

LI Yanxiang¹(), DING Dedong¹, HE Jing¹^,^*(), ZHANG Jinhua², ZHAO Jitao¹, ZHAO Qian¹, HOU Caixia¹, ZHU Zhu¹

1. College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Longnan Science and Technology Information Research Institute, Longnan 742500, Gansu, China

Received:2022-09-16 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the practical application of wood vinegar in the biological control of plant diseases and its mechanism of action against pathogenic fungi, experiments were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of wood vinegar against several tested plant pathogenic fungi by measuring the colony growth diameter and half effective concentration (EC₅₀). The impact of wood vinegar on spore germination, mycelial dry weight, cell membrane permeability, cell wall integrity, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, reducing sugar content, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of sensitive fungal strains was assessed, and the ultrastructural changes of the fungal bodies were observed through electron microscopy to reveal its mechanism of action. The results showed that wood vinegar had certain inhibitory effects on all 7 tested plant pathogenic fungi, with the most significant inhibitory effect observed against Fusarium culmorum, with an EC₅₀ value of 4.98 μL·mL^-1, and the inhibition of spore germination and biomass at a volume fraction of 5.5 μL·mL^-1 reached 90.09% and 95.22%, respectively. After treatment with wood vinegar, the cell structure of F. culmorum was damaged, the cell walls of the mycelium became thinner and incomplete, organelle structure was disrupted, and cell membrane permeability increased. Alkaline phosphatase activity, soluble sugar content, reducing sugar content, soluble protein content and ATP content of the mycelium were significantly reduced. Additionally, the fluorescence intensity of iodine-propidium iodide stained spores increased significantly. Wood vinegar mainly achieves its antimicrobial effect by damaging the fungal cell structure and interfering with fungal substance metabolism and energy metabolism.

Key words: wood vinegar, fungus, Fusarium culmorum, antifungal activity

CLC Number:

S482.2

LI Yanxiang, DING Dedong, HE Jing, ZHANG Jinhua, ZHAO Jitao, ZHAO Qian, HOU Caixia, ZHU Zhu. Antifungal activity and mechanism of wood vinegar against several plant pathogenic fungi[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2149-2159.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Inhibitory effects of wood vinegar on 7 plant pathogenic fungi

病原菌 Pathogenic fungus	回归方程 Regression equation	EC₅₀/(μL·mL^-1)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
黄色镰刀菌F. culmorum	y=2.14x+3.51	4.98	0.958 5
三线镰刀菌F. tricinctum	y=1.33x+4.06	5.10	0.948 4
杨生盾壳霉C. populicola	y=2.45x+3.22	5.33	0.989 1
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti	y=1.77x+3.25	9.69	0.945 2
链格孢菌A. alternata	y=2.18x+2.75	10.80	0.967 0
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum	y=1.41x+3.00	26.50	0.944 3
腐皮镰刀菌F. solani	y=1.77x+2.26	22.04	0.993 7

Fig.1 Effects of different volume fractions of wood vinegar on spore germination and germ tube elongation of F. culmorum Data marked without the same lowercase letter indicated significant differences at P<0.05. The same as below.

Fig.2 Effect of wood vinegar on biomass of F. culmorum

Fig.3 Effects of wood vinegar on ultrastructure of F. culmorum(2 000×) A, Control; B, Treatment with 4.98 μL·mL-1 wood vinegar; C, Treatment with 5.5 μL·mL-1 wood vinegar; CW, Cell wall; ER, Endoplasmic reticulum; V, Vacuole.

Fig.4 Effects of wood vinegar on cell membrane integrity of F. culmorum

Fig.5 Effects of wood vinegar on relative permeability and AKP activity of F. culmorum * indicates significant difference at P<0.05, and ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01. The same as below.

Fig.6 Effects of wood vinegar on contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, reducing sugar and ATP of F. culmorum

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Antifungal activity and mechanism of wood vinegar against several plant pathogenic fungi

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