Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221488

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1853-1863.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221488

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China

WANG Jie(), LU Ruohui, ZHU Weifeng, CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie^*()

Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China

Received:2022-10-25 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

Abstract

Abstract:

Straw is important resource in agricultural production. Reasonable straw returning has become one of the most effective measures to achieve fertilizer reduction. Based on the agricultural statistical data of Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2020, three main grain crops (rice, wheat and maize) and three nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were combined to explore the nutrients resources of main grain crop straws and their potential in replacing chemical fertilizers in Zhejiang Province by the method of grass-grain ratio calculation. The results demonstrated that the average annual yields of rice, wheat and maize straw in Zhejiang Province were 5.932×10⁶, 5.15×10⁵, 5.29×10⁵ t, respectively, and the average annual nutrients resources were 2 015.6, 110.1, 123.2 t, respectively. The amount of potassium (1 487.0 t) was the highest, which was followed by nitrogen (561.3 t) and phosphorus (200.5 t). The highest nutrients resource amount for rice and wheat straw was recorded in Jiaxing, while the highest nutrients resouce amount for maize straw was found in Hangzhou. The total nutrients resouce of straw in 3 main grain crops was the highest in Jiaxing (365.2 t). Among the three main grain crops, maize exhibited the highest nitrogen substitution potential, while rice showed the highest phosphorus and potassium substitution potential, which turned out to be the highest total substitution potential. The nutrients substitution potential of rice straw in Jiaxing and Huzhou was relatively higher, the nutrients substitution potential of wheat straw in Ningbo and Huzhou was relatively higher, and the nutrients substitution potential of maize straw in Huzhou and Jiaxing was relatively higher. In general, the nutrients resources of main grain crop straws in Zhejiang Province are abundant. The rational utilization of straw nutrient resources is an important way to realize chemical fertilizer reduction. To achieve the optimal effect, diverse straw returning technical modes should be investigated to local conditions coupled with chemical fertilizer reduction.

Key words: Zhejiang Province, grain crops, straw returning, fertilizer substitution

CLC Number:

S141.4

WANG Jie, LU Ruohui, ZHU Weifeng, CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie. Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1853-1863.

Figures/Tables 6

References 48

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作物 Crop	秸秆养分含量Nutrients contents in straw/%			秸秆养分当季释放率Seasonal nutrients release rate from straw/%
作物 Crop	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
水稻Rice	0.82	0.13	1.9	47.19	66.69	84.91
小麦Wheat	0.54	0.09	1.16	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	0.89	0.11	0.99	54.04	73.03	84.43

作物 Crop	秸秆养分含量Nutrients contents in straw/%			秸秆养分当季释放率Seasonal nutrients release rate from straw/%
作物 Crop	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
水稻Rice	0.82	0.13	1.9	47.19	66.69	84.91
小麦Wheat	0.54	0.09	1.16	50.11	62.01	89.05
玉米Maize	0.89	0.11	0.99	54.04	73.03	84.43

地区 District	水稻Rice				小麦Wheat				玉米Maize				合计Total
地区 District	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总量 Total
HZ	16.2 ±0.3	8.3 ±0.1	81.0 ±1.4	105.6 ±1.9	1.5 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	6.9 ±0.6	9.2 ±0.3	5.3 ±0.5	2.0 ±0.2	11.0 ±1.2	18.3 ±1.7	23.3 ±0.4	11.0 ±0.2	99.0 ±1.2	133.1 ±1.8
NB	26.2 ±0.4	13.4 ±0.2	130.9 ±2.0	170.5 ±2.7	1.5 ±0.4	0.7 ±0.2	6.9 ±1.7	9.1 ±0.8	1.8 ±0.2	0.7 ±0.1	3.7 ±0.5	6.2 ±0.9	29.5 ±1.0	14.8 ±0.5	141.5 ±4.3	185.8 ±5.8
WZ	27.1 ±1.4	13.9 ±0.7	135.7 ±7.2	176.8 ±9.3	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.5 ±0.2	0.6 ±0.1	1.7 ±0.9	0.7 ±0.4	3.6 ±2.0	6.0 ±3.3	29.0 ±0.5	14.60 ±0.4	139.8 ±5.3	183.4 ±6.2
JX	34.6 ±1.2	17.8 ±0.6	173.2 ±6.1	225.6 ±7.9	7.0 ±0.9	3.3 ±0.4	31.9 ±4.1	42.1 ±1.8	1.3 ±0.3	1.5 ±0.1	2.7 ±0.5	4.5 ±0.9	42.9 ±0.9	21.5 ±0.4	207.8 ±4.3	272.2 ±5.6
HUZ	20.1 ±0.5	10.3 ±0.3	100.8 ±2.7	131.2 ±3.5	2.0 ±0.3	1.0 ±0.1	9.3 ±1.2	12.2 ±0.5	1.3 ±0.3	0.5 ±0.1	2.8 ±0.7	4.6 ±1.2	23.5 ±0.3	11.8 ±0.2	112.8 ±2.3	148.1 ±2.8
SX	31.5 ±0.2	16.1 ±0.1	157.4 ±1.0	205.1 ±1.4	1.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	5.2 ±0.4	6.9 ±0.2	2.7 ±0.5	1.0 ±0.2	5.6 ±1.1	9.2 ±1.8	35.3 ±0.4	17.7 ±0.1	168.2 ±0.3	221.2 ±0.8
JH	16.7 ±0.6	8.6 ±0.3	83.4 ±2.8	108.6 ±3.6	0.1 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.6 ±0.2	0.8 ±0.1	3.3 ±0.6	1.2 ±0.2	6.8 ±1.3	11.3 ±2.1	20.1 ±0.1	9.9 ±0.1	90.8 ±1.7	120.7 ±1.8
QZ	23.0 ±1.6	11.8 ±0.8	114.9 ±7.9	149.7 ±10.2	—	—	0.2 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	3.1 ±1.1	1.2 ±0.4	6.4 ±2.4	10.6 ±4.0	26.1 ±0.5	13.0 ±0.4	121.5 ±5.6	160.5 ±6.5
ZS	0.8 ±0.1	0.4 ±0.1	3.8 ±0.4	5.0 ±0.6	—	—	0.1 ±0.0	0.1 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	0.9 ±0.1	1.0 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	4.4 ±0.5	5.9 ±0.6
TZ	21.4 ±0.3	11.0 ±0.2	107.1 ±1.8	139.5 ±2.3	0.4 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	1.9 ±0.2	2.5 ±0.1	1.2 ±0.2	0.4 ±0.1	2.4 ±0.3	4.0 ±0.6	23.0 ±0.2	11.60 ±0.1	111.4 ±1.6	146.0 ±2.0
LS	12.0 ±0.8	6.2 ±0.4	60.1 ±4.0	78.3 ±5.2	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	3.6 ±1.3	1.4 ±0.5	7.6 ±2.8	12.6 ±4.6	15.7 ±0.6	7.60 ±0.2	68.1 ±1.9	91.4 ±2.7
ZJ	229.6 ±3.4	117.8 ±1.7	1148.5 ±16.9	1495.8 ±22.0	13.9 ±1.7	6.6 ±0.8	63.8 ±7.6	84.4 ±3.3	25.4 ±4.6	9.7 ±1.7	53.0 ±9.5	88.2 ±15.8	268.9 ±1.9	134.1 ±1.1	1265.3 ±15.4	1668.3 ±18.5

地区 District	水稻Rice				小麦Wheat				玉米Maize				合计Total
地区 District	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	小计 Subtotal	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	总量 Total
HZ	16.2 ±0.3	8.3 ±0.1	81.0 ±1.4	105.6 ±1.9	1.5 ±0.1	0.7 ±0.1	6.9 ±0.6	9.2 ±0.3	5.3 ±0.5	2.0 ±0.2	11.0 ±1.2	18.3 ±1.7	23.3 ±0.4	11.0 ±0.2	99.0 ±1.2	133.1 ±1.8
NB	26.2 ±0.4	13.4 ±0.2	130.9 ±2.0	170.5 ±2.7	1.5 ±0.4	0.7 ±0.2	6.9 ±1.7	9.1 ±0.8	1.8 ±0.2	0.7 ±0.1	3.7 ±0.5	6.2 ±0.9	29.5 ±1.0	14.8 ±0.5	141.5 ±4.3	185.8 ±5.8
WZ	27.1 ±1.4	13.9 ±0.7	135.7 ±7.2	176.8 ±9.3	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.5 ±0.2	0.6 ±0.1	1.7 ±0.9	0.7 ±0.4	3.6 ±2.0	6.0 ±3.3	29.0 ±0.5	14.60 ±0.4	139.8 ±5.3	183.4 ±6.2
JX	34.6 ±1.2	17.8 ±0.6	173.2 ±6.1	225.6 ±7.9	7.0 ±0.9	3.3 ±0.4	31.9 ±4.1	42.1 ±1.8	1.3 ±0.3	1.5 ±0.1	2.7 ±0.5	4.5 ±0.9	42.9 ±0.9	21.5 ±0.4	207.8 ±4.3	272.2 ±5.6
HUZ	20.1 ±0.5	10.3 ±0.3	100.8 ±2.7	131.2 ±3.5	2.0 ±0.3	1.0 ±0.1	9.3 ±1.2	12.2 ±0.5	1.3 ±0.3	0.5 ±0.1	2.8 ±0.7	4.6 ±1.2	23.5 ±0.3	11.8 ±0.2	112.8 ±2.3	148.1 ±2.8
SX	31.5 ±0.2	16.1 ±0.1	157.4 ±1.0	205.1 ±1.4	1.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	5.2 ±0.4	6.9 ±0.2	2.7 ±0.5	1.0 ±0.2	5.6 ±1.1	9.2 ±1.8	35.3 ±0.4	17.7 ±0.1	168.2 ±0.3	221.2 ±0.8
JH	16.7 ±0.6	8.6 ±0.3	83.4 ±2.8	108.6 ±3.6	0.1 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.6 ±0.2	0.8 ±0.1	3.3 ±0.6	1.2 ±0.2	6.8 ±1.3	11.3 ±2.1	20.1 ±0.1	9.9 ±0.1	90.8 ±1.7	120.7 ±1.8
QZ	23.0 ±1.6	11.8 ±0.8	114.9 ±7.9	149.7 ±10.2	—	—	0.2 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	3.1 ±1.1	1.2 ±0.4	6.4 ±2.4	10.6 ±4.0	26.1 ±0.5	13.0 ±0.4	121.5 ±5.6	160.5 ±6.5
ZS	0.8 ±0.1	0.4 ±0.1	3.8 ±0.4	5.0 ±0.6	—	—	0.1 ±0.0	0.1 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	0.9 ±0.1	1.0 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	4.4 ±0.5	5.9 ±0.6
TZ	21.4 ±0.3	11.0 ±0.2	107.1 ±1.8	139.5 ±2.3	0.4 ±0.1	0.2 ±0.1	1.9 ±0.2	2.5 ±0.1	1.2 ±0.2	0.4 ±0.1	2.4 ±0.3	4.0 ±0.6	23.0 ±0.2	11.60 ±0.1	111.4 ±1.6	146.0 ±2.0
LS	12.0 ±0.8	6.2 ±0.4	60.1 ±4.0	78.3 ±5.2	0.1 ±0.1	—	0.1 ±0.1	0.5 ±0.1	3.6 ±1.3	1.4 ±0.5	7.6 ±2.8	12.6 ±4.6	15.7 ±0.6	7.60 ±0.2	68.1 ±1.9	91.4 ±2.7
ZJ	229.6 ±3.4	117.8 ±1.7	1148.5 ±16.9	1495.8 ±22.0	13.9 ±1.7	6.6 ±0.8	63.8 ±7.6	84.4 ±3.3	25.4 ±4.6	9.7 ±1.7	53.0 ±9.5	88.2 ±15.8	268.9 ±1.9	134.1 ±1.1	1265.3 ±15.4	1668.3 ±18.5

地区 District	水稻 Rice	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Maize
HZ	236.7±10.0	91.8±8.5	147.0±3.6
NB	236.2±2.7	99.3±7.6	133.5±6.7
WZ	217.4±2.6	73.6±10.5	133.9±11.2
JX	260.2±11.2	93.9±6.0	159.5±9.9
HUZ	253.0±3.4	99.0±7.1	161.8±13.6
SX	240.3±1.9	94.2±0.9	150.2±3.7
JH	224.4±2.3	82.5±4.3	155.3±4.3
QZ	234.3±4.2	66.6±5.7	152.0±9.1
ZS	229.8±23.1	84.7±7.5	156.7±13.7
TZ	230.9±5.3	83.0±4.7	148.4±8.8
LS	226.2±11.1	73.2±4.8	126.0±10.0
平均Average	236.8±1.2	93.9±5.2	144.8±5.2

Potential of straw returning as substitute for chemical fertilizer of main grain crops in Zhejiang Province, China

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