Response of diversity characteristics of summer weeds in rice fields to different rotation patterns

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240435

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2138-2149.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240435

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Response of diversity characteristics of summer weeds in rice fields to different rotation patterns

XU Weidong(), LU Qiang(), YAO Zhangliang, WANG Hui, WANG Ruisen, LANG Shuping

Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing 314016, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-05-15 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-13

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the community characteristics and species diversity composition of summer weeds in paddy fields after continuous years of rotation, three rotation patterns, including rice-fallow rotation, rice-rape rotation, and rice-wheat rotation, were implemented. Surveys were conducted on the summer weed communities in fields, and the relative dominance of different weeds, species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou evenness index were analyzed under each rotation system. Niche breadths of different weeds and correspondence analysis of different rotation systems were also performed. Results showed that under the rice-fallow rotation, there were 33 species of summer weeds, with dominant species including Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., Rumex dentatus L., Cardamine occulta Hornem., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., Hemisteptia lyrata(Bunge) Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Cnidium monnieri(L.) Spreng., Mazus pumilus(N. L. Burman) Steenis, Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre, Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica(Steud.) T. Koyana & Kawano, Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Stellaria alsine Grimm, Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg, Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux) G. L. Nesom, Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud., Geranium carolinianum L.. Under the rice-rape rotation, 18 weed species were identified, with dominant species including B. syzigachne, Vicia sativa L., A. aequalis, E. annuus, C. monnieri, G. carolinianum, Lapsanastrum apogonoides(Maximowicz) Pak & K. Bremer, H. lyrata, P. affine, S. aquatica, M. pumilus, Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., S. subulatum, S. alsine. The rice-wheat rotation had 22 weed species, dominated by B. syzigachne, Galium spurium L., A. aequalis, M. pumilus, E. annuus, L. apogonoides, C. monnieri, S. aquatica, C. occulta, P. affine, C. glomeratum, R. dentatus, H. lyrata, S. subulatum, Alopecurus japonicus Steud.. Niche breadth analysis indicated that A. aequalis, E. annuus, H. lyrata, C. monnieri, M. pumilus, S. subulatum, P. affine, B. syzigachne, R. dentatus, L. apogonoidesexhibited broader ecological niches among three rotation systems. Correspondence analysis revealed that V. sativa, G. carolinianum, and H. lyrata were better suited to rice-rape rotation fields, while G. spurium, M. pumilus, C. glomeratum thrived in rice-wheat rotation fields. Weeds like A. aequalis, M. aquaticum, and L. apogonoides adapted well to both rice-rape and rice-wheat rotation system. In northern Zhejiang Province of China, weed species richness in wheat and rape fields under rotation was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in fallow fields. Furthermore, species richness in rape fields under rice-rape rotation was significantly lower than that in wheat fields under rice-wheat rotation.

Key words: paddy field, summer weed, crop rotation, biodiversity

CLC Number:

S451

XU Weidong, LU Qiang, YAO Zhangliang, WANG Hui, WANG Ruisen, LANG Shuping. Response of diversity characteristics of summer weeds in rice fields to different rotation patterns[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(10): 2138-2149.

Figures/Tables 4

References 36

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科 Family	种 Species	水稻-休耕轮作模式 Rice-fallow rotation system				水稻-油菜轮作模式 Rice-rape rotation system				水稻-小麦轮作模式 Rice-wheat rotation system
科 Family	种 Species	2021	2022	2023	平均 Average	2021	2022	2023	平均 Average	2021	2022	2023	平均 Average
报春花科 Primulaceae	泽珍珠菜 Lysimachia candida Lindl.	3.42	2.76	2.46	2.88	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
车前科 Plantaginaceae	婆婆纳 Veronica polita Fries	0.93	0	0	0.31	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	泽漆 Euphorbia helioscopia L.	1.06	0.68	0.27	0.67	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
豆科 Fabaceae	大巢菜 Vicia sativa L.	2.95	2.45	2.21	2.54	9.89	9.51	9.72	9.71	4.39	0	1.64	2.01
禾本科 Poaceae	菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.	6.02	6.14	5.20	5.79	12.42	12.50	9.90	11.61	9.09	9.92	8.82	9.28
禾本科 Poaceae	看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.	7.88	7.28	6.54	7.23	9.39	9.03	8.38	8.93	8.32	8.50	8.68	8.50
禾本科 Poaceae	日本看麦娘 Alopecurus japonicus Steud.	2.20	2.64	3.27	2.70	0	0	0	0	3.85	3.11	4.19	3.72
禾本科 Poaceae	早熟禾 Poa annua L.	2.34	2.06	2.66	2.35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	棒头草 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.	3.07	3.15	2.95	3.06	0	0	0	0	2.73	0	0	0.91
禾本科 Poaceae	长芒棒头草 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	3.46	3.24	3.78	3.49	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	李氏禾 Leersia hexandra Sw.	1.81	1.94	2.27	2.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	甜茅 Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica (Steud.) T.Koyana & Kawano	4.15	2.98	3.81	3.65	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	鹅观草 Elymus kamoji (Ohwi) S. L. Chen	2.17	1.76	1.89	1.94	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
菊科 Asteraceae	一年蓬 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.	4.91	4.20	4.32	4.48	7.48	8.18	7.46	7.71	5.80	6.63	7.04	6.49
菊科 Asteraceae	稻槎菜 Lapsanastrum apogonoides (Maximowicz) Pak & K. Bremer	2.49	3.23	2.84	2.85	7.21	6.76	6.31	6.76	4.61	6.73	6.75	6.03
菊科 Asteraceae	拟鼠麹草 Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg	3.01	3.47	3.49	3.32	5.89	4.64	6.18	5.57	3.49	6.22	6.18	5.30
菊科 Asteraceae	泥胡菜 Hemisteptia lyrata (Bunge) Fischer & C. A. Meyer	3.80	4.66	4.70	4.39	8.12	5.69	5.77	6.53	4.84	4.32	5.18	4.78
菊科 Asteraceae	钻叶紫菀 Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux) G. L. Nesom	3.54	3.02	2.96	3.17	3.80	4.18	1.58	3.19	3.14	4.92	4.44	4.17
蓼科 Polygonaceae	齿果酸模 Rumex dentatus L.	5.56	4.21	4.80	4.86	4.09	3.29	1.18	2.85	3.11	5.73	5.62	4.82
蓼科 Polygonaceae	酸模叶蓼 Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre	2.66	4.60	4.10	3.79	0	0	0	0	3.09	0	0	1.03
牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae	野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum L.	2.26	3.43	3.30	3.00	7.04	7.14	6.38	6.85	1.86	3.08	1.92	2.29
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	石龙芮 Ranunculus sceleratus L.	2.59	1.38	1.69	1.89	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	禺毛茛 Ranunculus cantoniensis DC.	1.49	0.88	1.43	1.27	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
茜草科 Rubiaceae	猪殃殃 Galium spurium L.	1.99	2.39	2.68	2.35	0	1.33	2.20	1.18	9.28	8.93	9.08	9.10
伞形科 Apiaceae	蛇床 Cnidium monnieri (L.) Spreng.	3.01	4.95	4.75	4.24	7.37	7.87	7.20	7.48	5.32	6.06	6.53	5.97
十字花科 Brassicaceae	荠 Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik.	0	0.96	1.42	0.79	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
十字花科 Brassicaceae	碎米荠 Cardamine occulta Hornem.	5.08	4.63	4.07	4.59	3.65	0	1.65	1.77	5.18	4.61	6.59	5.46
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	球序卷耳 Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.	2.06	1.61	2.21	1.96	3.23	2.36	7.91	4.50	2.70	6.33	5.91	4.98
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	牛繁缕 Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.	2.19	4.74	4.53	3.82	9.09	6.69	0	5.26	5.68	5.45	5.99	5.71
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	繁缕 Stellaria media (L.) Villars	2.65	1.88	1.79	2.11	0	3.73	2.94	2.22	1.73	0.71	0	0.81
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	雀舌草 Stellaria alsine Grimm	3.95	2.98	3.16	3.36	3.44	3.29	2.71	3.15	4.07	0	1.13	1.73
玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	通泉草 Mazus pumilus(N. L. Burman) Steenis	4.50	4.60	3.38	4.16	4.76	3.07	6.47	4.77	6.20	7.13	6.49	6.61
紫草科 Boraginaceae	附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis(Trev.) Benth. ex Baker & S. Moore	1.71	2.09	2.02	1.94	0	0	0	0	1.89	1.87	0.32	1.36

科 Family	种 Species	水稻-休耕轮作模式 Rice-fallow rotation system				水稻-油菜轮作模式 Rice-rape rotation system				水稻-小麦轮作模式 Rice-wheat rotation system
科 Family	种 Species	2021	2022	2023	平均 Average	2021	2022	2023	平均 Average	2021	2022	2023	平均 Average
报春花科 Primulaceae	泽珍珠菜 Lysimachia candida Lindl.	3.42	2.76	2.46	2.88	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
车前科 Plantaginaceae	婆婆纳 Veronica polita Fries	0.93	0	0	0.31	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	泽漆 Euphorbia helioscopia L.	1.06	0.68	0.27	0.67	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
豆科 Fabaceae	大巢菜 Vicia sativa L.	2.95	2.45	2.21	2.54	9.89	9.51	9.72	9.71	4.39	0	1.64	2.01
禾本科 Poaceae	菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.	6.02	6.14	5.20	5.79	12.42	12.50	9.90	11.61	9.09	9.92	8.82	9.28
禾本科 Poaceae	看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.	7.88	7.28	6.54	7.23	9.39	9.03	8.38	8.93	8.32	8.50	8.68	8.50
禾本科 Poaceae	日本看麦娘 Alopecurus japonicus Steud.	2.20	2.64	3.27	2.70	0	0	0	0	3.85	3.11	4.19	3.72
禾本科 Poaceae	早熟禾 Poa annua L.	2.34	2.06	2.66	2.35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	棒头草 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.	3.07	3.15	2.95	3.06	0	0	0	0	2.73	0	0	0.91
禾本科 Poaceae	长芒棒头草 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	3.46	3.24	3.78	3.49	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	李氏禾 Leersia hexandra Sw.	1.81	1.94	2.27	2.01	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	甜茅 Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica (Steud.) T.Koyana & Kawano	4.15	2.98	3.81	3.65	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
禾本科 Poaceae	鹅观草 Elymus kamoji (Ohwi) S. L. Chen	2.17	1.76	1.89	1.94	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
菊科 Asteraceae	一年蓬 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.	4.91	4.20	4.32	4.48	7.48	8.18	7.46	7.71	5.80	6.63	7.04	6.49
菊科 Asteraceae	稻槎菜 Lapsanastrum apogonoides (Maximowicz) Pak & K. Bremer	2.49	3.23	2.84	2.85	7.21	6.76	6.31	6.76	4.61	6.73	6.75	6.03
菊科 Asteraceae	拟鼠麹草 Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg	3.01	3.47	3.49	3.32	5.89	4.64	6.18	5.57	3.49	6.22	6.18	5.30
菊科 Asteraceae	泥胡菜 Hemisteptia lyrata (Bunge) Fischer & C. A. Meyer	3.80	4.66	4.70	4.39	8.12	5.69	5.77	6.53	4.84	4.32	5.18	4.78
菊科 Asteraceae	钻叶紫菀 Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux) G. L. Nesom	3.54	3.02	2.96	3.17	3.80	4.18	1.58	3.19	3.14	4.92	4.44	4.17
蓼科 Polygonaceae	齿果酸模 Rumex dentatus L.	5.56	4.21	4.80	4.86	4.09	3.29	1.18	2.85	3.11	5.73	5.62	4.82
蓼科 Polygonaceae	酸模叶蓼 Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre	2.66	4.60	4.10	3.79	0	0	0	0	3.09	0	0	1.03
牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae	野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum L.	2.26	3.43	3.30	3.00	7.04	7.14	6.38	6.85	1.86	3.08	1.92	2.29
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	石龙芮 Ranunculus sceleratus L.	2.59	1.38	1.69	1.89	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	禺毛茛 Ranunculus cantoniensis DC.	1.49	0.88	1.43	1.27	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
茜草科 Rubiaceae	猪殃殃 Galium spurium L.	1.99	2.39	2.68	2.35	0	1.33	2.20	1.18	9.28	8.93	9.08	9.10
伞形科 Apiaceae	蛇床 Cnidium monnieri (L.) Spreng.	3.01	4.95	4.75	4.24	7.37	7.87	7.20	7.48	5.32	6.06	6.53	5.97
十字花科 Brassicaceae	荠 Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik.	0	0.96	1.42	0.79	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
十字花科 Brassicaceae	碎米荠 Cardamine occulta Hornem.	5.08	4.63	4.07	4.59	3.65	0	1.65	1.77	5.18	4.61	6.59	5.46
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	球序卷耳 Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.	2.06	1.61	2.21	1.96	3.23	2.36	7.91	4.50	2.70	6.33	5.91	4.98
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	牛繁缕 Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.	2.19	4.74	4.53	3.82	9.09	6.69	0	5.26	5.68	5.45	5.99	5.71
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	繁缕 Stellaria media (L.) Villars	2.65	1.88	1.79	2.11	0	3.73	2.94	2.22	1.73	0.71	0	0.81
石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	雀舌草 Stellaria alsine Grimm	3.95	2.98	3.16	3.36	3.44	3.29	2.71	3.15	4.07	0	1.13	1.73
玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	通泉草 Mazus pumilus(N. L. Burman) Steenis	4.50	4.60	3.38	4.16	4.76	3.07	6.47	4.77	6.20	7.13	6.49	6.61
紫草科 Boraginaceae	附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis(Trev.) Benth. ex Baker & S. Moore	1.71	2.09	2.02	1.94	0	0	0	0	1.89	1.87	0.32	1.36

轮作模式 Rotation systems	年度 Year	物种丰富度 Species richness	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
水稻-休耕轮作模式 Rice-fallow rotation system	2021	31.8±0.5 a	0.970 7±0.000 1 a	3.347 8±0.013 4 a	0.968 2±0.003 7ab
	2022	31.8±0.5 a	0.970 9±0.002 0 a	3.341 1±0.038 6 a	0.966 3±0.007 0 abc
	2023	31.0±1.2 a	0.971 6±0.001 5 a	3.343 5±0.036 6 a	0.973 8±0.004 1 a
水稻-油菜轮作模式 Rice-rape rotation system	2021	14.5±1.0 d	0.928 6±0.005 4 d	2.593 8±0.070 5 d	0.970 6±0.005 8 ab
	2022	15.8±0.5 d	0.931 2±0.002 4 d	2.636 7±0.039 5 d	0.956 5±0.003 6 d
	2023	15.5±1.0 d	0.932 2±0.004 0 d	2.625 4±0.069 3 d	0.958 3±0.006 9 cd
水稻-小麦轮作模式 Rice-wheat rotation system	2021	20.8±1.0 b	0.950 1±0.005 0 b	2.919 7±0.052 4 b	0.963 0±0.007 8 bcd
	2022	17.5±0.6 c	0.943 4±0.013 0 c	2.778 4±0.019 7 c	0.970 9±0.004 4 ab
	2023	17.3±1.5 c	0.942 8±0.006 9 c	2.771 2±0.086 0 c	0.974 1±0.007 4 a

轮作模式 Rotation systems	年度 Year	物种丰富度 Species richness	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
水稻-休耕轮作模式 Rice-fallow rotation system	2021	31.8±0.5 a	0.970 7±0.000 1 a	3.347 8±0.013 4 a	0.968 2±0.003 7ab
	2022	31.8±0.5 a	0.970 9±0.002 0 a	3.341 1±0.038 6 a	0.966 3±0.007 0 abc
	2023	31.0±1.2 a	0.971 6±0.001 5 a	3.343 5±0.036 6 a	0.973 8±0.004 1 a
水稻-油菜轮作模式 Rice-rape rotation system	2021	14.5±1.0 d	0.928 6±0.005 4 d	2.593 8±0.070 5 d	0.970 6±0.005 8 ab
	2022	15.8±0.5 d	0.931 2±0.002 4 d	2.636 7±0.039 5 d	0.956 5±0.003 6 d
	2023	15.5±1.0 d	0.932 2±0.004 0 d	2.625 4±0.069 3 d	0.958 3±0.006 9 cd
水稻-小麦轮作模式 Rice-wheat rotation system	2021	20.8±1.0 b	0.950 1±0.005 0 b	2.919 7±0.052 4 b	0.963 0±0.007 8 bcd
	2022	17.5±0.6 c	0.943 4±0.013 0 c	2.778 4±0.019 7 c	0.970 9±0.004 4 ab
	2023	17.3±1.5 c	0.942 8±0.006 9 c	2.771 2±0.086 0 c	0.974 1±0.007 4 a

种 Species	生态位宽度 Niche breadth
看麦娘Alopecurus aequalis	8.909 6
一年蓬Erigeron annuus	8.572 5
泥胡菜Hemisteptia lyrata	8.565 6
蛇床Cnidium monnieri	8.482 9
通泉草Mazus pumilus	8.411 2
钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum	8.408 8
拟鼠麹草Pseudognaphalium affine	8.360 6
菵草Beckmannia syzigachne	8.331 9
齿果酸模Rumex dentatus	8.087 7
稻槎菜Lapsanastrum apogonoides	8.029 1
雀舌草Stellaria alsine	7.429 9
碎米荠Cardamine occulta	7.337 6
牛繁缕Stellaria aquatica	7.207 7
野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum	7.141 2
球序卷耳Cerastium glomeratum	6.825 1
繁缕Stellaria media	5.979 9
日本看麦娘Alopecurus japonicus	5.746 4
大巢菜Vicia sativa	5.638 4
附地菜Trigonotis peduncularis	5.285 3
猪殃殃Galium spurium	5.279 7
棒头草Polypogon fugax	3.988 7
酸模叶蓼Persicaria lapathifolia	3.824 7
长芒棒头草Polypogon monspeliensis	2.988 0
鹅观草Elymus kamoji	2.976 9
李氏禾Leersia hexandra	2.972 3
早熟禾Poa annua	2.967 8
甜茅Glyceria acutiflora	2.946 5
泽珍珠菜Lysimachia candida	2.942 9
禺毛茛Ranunculus cantoniensis	2.865 4
石龙芮Ranunculus sceleratus	2.793 3
泽漆Euphorbia helioscopia	2.435 4
荠Capsella bursa-pastoris	1.928 0
婆婆纳Veronica polita	1.000 0

Response of diversity characteristics of summer weeds in rice fields to different rotation patterns

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