Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivated in facility

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240800

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2516-2524.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240800

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivated in facility

YAN Peiyu¹(), ZHANG Shengyin², CHEN Liang³^,⁴, LIU Bin¹^,⁴^,^*()

1. Gansu Jingtaichuan Irrigation Water Resources Utilization Center, Jingtai 730400, Gansu, China
2. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730099, China
3. Gansu Provincial Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China
4. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2024-09-10 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-09

Abstract

Abstract:

Tomato, as one of the most important vegetable crops in China, faces widespread issues of improper irrigation and fertilization practices during production, which severely affect both yield and fruit quality. In this experiment, to explore the usage of water and fertilizer rules which improve tomato quality, the variety of 181 was used as the test material. Different levels of water and fertilizer treatments were set, with sufficient water and fertilizer as the control (CK), where irrigation was 87.32 L per plot for once and fertilization consisted of N 420 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 180 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 468.0 kg·hm^-2. Three irrigation levels were set: W1 (74.15 L per plot for once), W2 (65.42 L per plot for once), W3 (56.70 L per plot for once), and three fertilization levels: F1 (100% fertilizer amount of CK), F2 (85% fertilizer amount of CK), F3 (70% fertilizer amount of CK). These were combined into nine treatments: W1F1, W1F2, W1F3, W2F1, W2F2, W2F3, W3F1, W3F2, and W3F3. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area of tomato plants significantly increased under the W2F2 treatment compared with CK. The soluble solids content under W2F2, W2F3, and W3F3 treatments increased by 1.6, 1.1, and 0.9 percentage points, respectively, compared with CK. The soluble sugar content under W2F2 treatment increased by 2.0 percentage points compared with CK, and the sugar-acid ratio was the highest under W2F2 treatment, significantly different from other treatments and 100.06% higher than CK. Additionally, the nitrate content was the lowest under W3F3 treatment, while the single fruit weight was the highest under W2F2, with no significant difference from CK, and the average number of fruits per plant and yield were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Based on all indicators, the W2F2 treatment, i.e., irrigation of 65.42 L per plot for once and 85% fertilization (N 357 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 153 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 397.8 kg·hm^-2), effectively improved both the quality and yield of tomatoes grown under greenhouse conditions while achieving water and fertilizer savings. Thus, it can be considered an optimal water-fertilizer coupling strategy for high-quality tomato cultivation in substrate-based greenhouse production.

Key words: water-fertilizer coupling, protected cultivation, tomato, quality, yield

CLC Number:

S641.2

YAN Peiyu, ZHANG Shengyin, CHEN Liang, LIU Bin. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivated in facility[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(12): 2516-2524.

Figures/Tables 7

References 33

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处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
CK	177.75±2.33 d	9.68±0.16 c	277.4±0.99 d
W1FI	185.96±0.72 b	9.57±0.10 c	205.72±4.74 f
W1F2	186.10±0.40 b	9.55±0.23 c	219.89±4.90 f
W1F3	184.44±0.48 bc	9.92±0.25 c	235.83±2.48 e
W2F1	186.32±1.10 b	9.80±0.22 c	294.22±7.36 c
W2F2	191.35±1.34 a	11.04±0.19 a	337.74±1.91 a
W2F3	188.63±0.89 ab	10.45±0.18 b	296.44±2.32 c
W3F1	185.08±0.88 bc	9.60±0.03 c	300.00±2.91 c
W3F2	180.69±1.39 cd	9.57±0.09 c	315.68±4.86 b
W3F3	184.62±2.87 bc	9.45±0.07 c	316.98±4.56 b

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
CK	177.75±2.33 d	9.68±0.16 c	277.4±0.99 d
W1FI	185.96±0.72 b	9.57±0.10 c	205.72±4.74 f
W1F2	186.10±0.40 b	9.55±0.23 c	219.89±4.90 f
W1F3	184.44±0.48 bc	9.92±0.25 c	235.83±2.48 e
W2F1	186.32±1.10 b	9.80±0.22 c	294.22±7.36 c
W2F2	191.35±1.34 a	11.04±0.19 a	337.74±1.91 a
W2F3	188.63±0.89 ab	10.45±0.18 b	296.44±2.32 c
W3F1	185.08±0.88 bc	9.60±0.03 c	300.00±2.91 c
W3F2	180.69±1.39 cd	9.57±0.09 c	315.68±4.86 b
W3F3	184.62±2.87 bc	9.45±0.07 c	316.98±4.56 b

处理 Treatments	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	单株果数 Number of fruit per plant	每667 m²产量 Yield per 667 m²/kg	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m^-3)
CK	97.34±0.27 a	26.0±0.6 ab	4 705.29±98.33 ab	14.86±0.36 f
W1FI	96.06±0.30 b	25.3±0.3 bc	4 524.49±67.04 bc	16.55±0.25 d
W1F2	94.24±0.01 de	25.0±0.1 cd	4 380.35±0.54 cd	16.03±0.01 de
W1F3	93.96±0.19 e	24.3±0.3 cd	4 250.98±57.15 cd	15.55±0.21 ef
W2F1	95.38±0.24 c	26.0±0.6 ab	4 611.29±112.58 bc	18.71±0.46 c
W2F2	97.46±0.09 a	27.0±0.6 a	4 892.49±102.29 a	19.85±0.42 b
W2F3	94.48±0.21 de	25.6±0.3 bc	4 508.36±48.68 bc	18.29±0.20 c
W3F1	95.93±0.24 bc	25.6±0.3 bc	4 578.18±67.82 bc	20.85±0.31 a
W3F2	94.70±0.23 d	24.0±0.6 d	4 225.31±97.64 cd	19.24±0.44 bc
W3F3	94.21±0.05 de	23.6±0.3 d	4 145.62±60.42 d	18.88±0.28 bc

处理 Treatments	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	单株果数 Number of fruit per plant	每667 m²产量 Yield per 667 m²/kg	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m^-3)
CK	97.34±0.27 a	26.0±0.6 ab	4 705.29±98.33 ab	14.86±0.36 f
W1FI	96.06±0.30 b	25.3±0.3 bc	4 524.49±67.04 bc	16.55±0.25 d
W1F2	94.24±0.01 de	25.0±0.1 cd	4 380.35±0.54 cd	16.03±0.01 de
W1F3	93.96±0.19 e	24.3±0.3 cd	4 250.98±57.15 cd	15.55±0.21 ef
W2F1	95.38±0.24 c	26.0±0.6 ab	4 611.29±112.58 bc	18.71±0.46 c
W2F2	97.46±0.09 a	27.0±0.6 a	4 892.49±102.29 a	19.85±0.42 b
W2F3	94.48±0.21 de	25.6±0.3 bc	4 508.36±48.68 bc	18.29±0.20 c
W3F1	95.93±0.24 bc	25.6±0.3 bc	4 578.18±67.82 bc	20.85±0.31 a
W3F2	94.70±0.23 d	24.0±0.6 d	4 225.31±97.64 cd	19.24±0.44 bc
W3F3	94.21±0.05 de	23.6±0.3 d	4 145.62±60.42 d	18.88±0.28 bc

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivated in facility

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处理 Treatments	每槽每次灌水量 Irrigation amount per plot for once/L	施肥量 Fertilizer application rate/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	87.23	N 420,P₂O₅ 180,K₂O 468.0
W1F1	74.15	N 420,P₂O₅ 180,K₂O 468.0
W1F2	74.15	N 357,P₂O₅ 153,K₂O 397.8
W1F3	74.15	N 294,P₂O₅ 126,K₂O 327.6
W2F1	65.42	N 420,P₂O₅ 180,K₂O 468.0
W2F2	65.42	N 357,P₂O₅ 153,K₂O 397.8
W2F3	65.42	N 294,P₂O₅ 126,K₂O 327.6
W3F1	56.70	N 420,P₂O₅180,K₂O 468.0
W3F2	56.70	N 357,P₂O₅ 153,K₂O 397.8
W3F3	56.70	N 294,P₂O₅ 126,K₂O 327.6

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