Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240104

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 126-133.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240104

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce

HE Xiaochan¹(), ZHOU Xiaojun¹, ZHU Hao¹, GONG Wan², ZHANG Jingze², ZHU Liyan¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Crop Cultivation and Plant Protection, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China
2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2024-01-28 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to reveal the host range of pathogen causing downy mildew of two weeds Sonchus oleraceus and S. wightianus in Jinghua City, Zhejiang Province, China, pathogen was identified and its host range was determined. According to morphological characteristics, analysis of PCR amplification results using pathogen-specific primers and phylogenetic analysis based on ribosome ITS region as well as 28S and Cox2 gene sequences, pathogen was identified as Bremia lactucae. Pathogenicity tests indicated that the pathogen was able to infect its other natural hosts and cultivated varieties such as Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer and L. sativa var. ramose Hort., but not infect a known host, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, confirmed that existence of the host-specific differentiation in species B. lactucae, which was not identical to the known host range. This indicated that those two hosts might be important inoculum source for disease occurring in lettuce, highlighting the need for controlling these weeds to be an important part of controlling downy mildew, and it also provided direct evidence for the host specificity and differentiation of biotrophic B. lactucae.

Key words: Lactuca sativa, downy mildew, weed, host specificity, Bremia lactucae, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill

CLC Number:

S436.3

HE Xiaochan, ZHOU Xiaojun, ZHU Hao, GONG Wan, ZHANG Jingze, ZHU Liyan. Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 126-133.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Morphological characteristics of natural host Sonchus oleraceus L. and Sonchus wightianus of Bremia lactucae A and B, Sonchus oleraceus L.; A, Basal leaves at seedling stage; B, Flowers, yellow inflorescence capitula and campanulate involucre. C and D, Sonchus wightianus; C, Basal leaves at seedling stage; D. Flowers, yellow inflorescence capitula and campanulate involucre.

Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of Bremia lactucae and its pathogenicity test A, Sporangiophores and sporangia, bar=20 μm. B, Characteristic of a branch end, bar=10 μm. C-F, Symptoms of downy mildew and sporulation characteristic of B. lactucae at one month after inoculation. C, Sonchus wightianus; D, Sonchus oleraceus L.; E, Lactuca sativa var. ramose Hort.; F; Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer.

Fig.3 Agrose gel eletrophoresis of PCR products of Bremia lactucae from different hosts Lane 1, Diseased leaves of Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer; Lane 2, Diseased leaves of Lactuca sativa var. ramose Hort; Lanes 3-4, Diseased leaves of Sonchus oleraceus L.; Lanes 5-6, Diseased leaves of S. wightianus; Lane 7, Healthy leaves of S. oleraceus L.; Lane 8, Healthy leaves of S. wightianus. M, 2 000 bp DNA maker.

Fig.4 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree generated from the combined ITS, 28S and cox2 sequences of 20 taxa The tree was rooted with Protobremia sphaesperma, clades with 50% ML bootstrap branch support values were indicated. JH01 and JH02 were species isolated from the Sonchus oleraceus L. and S. wightianus plants, respectively.

Table 1 Determinated results of Bremia lactucae host range

植物种 Plant species	接种结果 Result of inoculation
苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus L.	+
苣荬菜Sonchus wightianus	+
续断菊Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	-
生菜Lactuca sativa var. ramose Hort.	+
莴苣Lactuca sativa var. angustana lrish ex Bremer	+
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum	-

Fig.5 Morphological characteristics of natural host Sonchus asper (L.) Hill of Bremia lactucae A, Basal leaves at seedling stage; B. Flowers.

References 14

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Natural host-specific differentiation of Bremia lactucae and its infectivity to lettuce

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