Effect of irrigation and planting methods on the yield and quality of double-cropping rice

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240079

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 257-268.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240079

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effect of irrigation and planting methods on the yield and quality of double-cropping rice

WAN Shaoyuan¹(), LIU Xianbo¹^,², CAI Shuo¹^,^*(), SHI Hong¹^,², CHENG Jie¹

1. Jiangxi Irrigation Experiment Central Station, Nanchang 330201, China
2. School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China

Received:2024-01-16 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: CAI Shuo

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present study, double cropping rice was selected as the study object, a field experiment was carried out with four planting methods and two irrigation methods. The four panting methods were hand-planting, mechanical transplanting, seedling throwing and direct seeding, respectively, and the two irrigation methods were flooding irrigation and intermittent irrigation. The effects of different treatments with combinations of planting method and irrigation method were compared on the water use efficiency, yield and rice quality of double cropping rice. It was shown that the water consumption of early rice and late rice under intermittent irrigation was significantly (P<0.05) decreased than that under flooding irrigation with the same planting method, yet the yield of early rice and late rice was increased by 0.79%-2.94%. With the same irrigation method, the lowest yield of both early rice and late rice was found under the direct seeding method, which was significantly lower than the others. Under the same planting method, the milling quality of early rice and late rice with intermittent irrigation was better than that with flooding irrigation. Under the same irrigation method, the head rice rate of direct seeding early rice and late rice was significantly poorer than those with other planting methods. Overall, compared with the flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation could increase the yield of early rice and late rice, decrease the water consumption, enhance the water use efficiency, improve the milling quality of rice. Compared with transplanting, direct seeding would lower the rice yield and quality of late rice. By comparison, the combination of hand-planting with intermittent irrigation exhibited good effect on water conservation, yield increase, and high quality of double cropping rice.

Key words: double-cropping rice, irrigation method, planting method, yield, rice quality, water use efficiency

CLC Number:

S511

WAN Shaoyuan, LIU Xianbo, CAI Shuo, SHI Hong, CHENG Jie. Effect of irrigation and planting methods on the yield and quality of double-cropping rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 257-268.

Figures/Tables 8

References 32

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稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	起止日期(月-日) Duration (month-day)	日平均温度 Average daily temperature/℃	日最高温度 Maximum daily temperature/℃	日最低温度 Minimum daily temperature/℃	耗水量 Water consumption/ (m³·hm^-2)	日照时数/h Daylight hours/h
早稻	HT-FI	06-08—07-12	27.96	31.49	25.07	2 110.40 ab	2.9
Early rice	ST-FI	06-10—07-12	28.13	31.72	25.18	1 736.87 c	3.0
	MT-FI	06-12—07-12	28.39	32.04	25.36	2 100.12 ab	3.1
	DS-FI	06-09—07-12	27.99	31.52	25.09	2 135.00 ab	3.0
	HT-II	06-08—07-12	27.96	31.49	25.07	2 190.67 a	2.9
	ST-II	06-10—07-12	28.13	31.72	25.18	1 803.77 c	3.0
	MT-II	06-12—07-12	28.39	32.04	25.36	1 909.00 bc	3.1
	DS-II	06-09—07-12	27.99	31.52	25.09	2 062.50 ab	3.0
晚稻	HT-FI	09-11—10-28	22.36	27.73	18.08	3 201.98 a	3.8
Late rice	ST-FI	09-13—10-28	22.15	27.54	17.89	2 806.58 b	3.9
	MT-FI	09-15—10-28	21.96	27.40	17.66	2 716.72 b	3.8
	DS-FI	09-21—11-07	20.55	25.79	16.47	2 325.38 b	3.8
	HT-II	09-11—10-28	22.36	27.73	18.08	2 236.99 b	3.8
	ST-II	09-13—10-28	22.15	27.54	17.89	2 240.37 b	3.9
	MT-II	09-15—10-28	21.96	27.40	17.66	2 528.32 b	3.8
	DS-II	09-21—11-07	20.55	25.79	16.47	1 752.46 c	3.8

稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	起止日期(月-日) Duration (month-day)	日平均温度 Average daily temperature/℃	日最高温度 Maximum daily temperature/℃	日最低温度 Minimum daily temperature/℃	耗水量 Water consumption/ (m³·hm^-2)	日照时数/h Daylight hours/h
早稻	HT-FI	06-08—07-12	27.96	31.49	25.07	2 110.40 ab	2.9
Early rice	ST-FI	06-10—07-12	28.13	31.72	25.18	1 736.87 c	3.0
	MT-FI	06-12—07-12	28.39	32.04	25.36	2 100.12 ab	3.1
	DS-FI	06-09—07-12	27.99	31.52	25.09	2 135.00 ab	3.0
	HT-II	06-08—07-12	27.96	31.49	25.07	2 190.67 a	2.9
	ST-II	06-10—07-12	28.13	31.72	25.18	1 803.77 c	3.0
	MT-II	06-12—07-12	28.39	32.04	25.36	1 909.00 bc	3.1
	DS-II	06-09—07-12	27.99	31.52	25.09	2 062.50 ab	3.0
晚稻	HT-FI	09-11—10-28	22.36	27.73	18.08	3 201.98 a	3.8
Late rice	ST-FI	09-13—10-28	22.15	27.54	17.89	2 806.58 b	3.9
	MT-FI	09-15—10-28	21.96	27.40	17.66	2 716.72 b	3.8
	DS-FI	09-21—11-07	20.55	25.79	16.47	2 325.38 b	3.8
	HT-II	09-11—10-28	22.36	27.73	18.08	2 236.99 b	3.8
	ST-II	09-13—10-28	22.15	27.54	17.89	2 240.37 b	3.9
	MT-II	09-15—10-28	21.96	27.40	17.66	2 528.32 b	3.8
	DS-II	09-21—11-07	20.55	25.79	16.47	1 752.46 c	3.8

稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Actual yield/ (t·hm^-2)
早稻Early rice	HT-FI	361.14±26.16 ab	157.72±9.54 ab	85.72±5.39 a	26.45±0.42 ab	7.59±0.46 a
	ST-FI	375.28±23.31 ab	109.70±10.13 c	85.00±7.05 a	27.49±1.49 a	7.57±0.29 ab
	MT-FI	393.36±4.69 a	121.06±15.87 c	88.95±5.58 a	25.93±0.32 ab	7.48±0.55 ab
	DS-FI	215.61±8.79 c	158.52±25.30 ab	90.63±1.28 a	26.60±0.14 ab	6.71±0.24 c
	HT-II	386.54±10.76 a	169.58±15.11 a	85.07±2.33 a	26.11±0.28 ab	7.81±0.27 a
	ST-II	348.32±24.42 b	137.85±11.85 bc	83.42±2.02 a	27.30±0.08 a	7.63±0.20 a
	MT-II	382.31±12.32 ab	130.63±11.78 bc	89.11±7.85 a	25.60±1.40 b	7.70±0.24 a
	DS-II	212.42±22.00 c	172.50±4.67 a	89.56±3.64 a	27.22±0.47 ab	6.88±0.42 bc
晚稻Late rice	HT-FI	317.17±11.67 c	198.98±7.18 a	78.68±6.51 a	22.33±0.77 b	10.11±0.08 ab
	ST-FI	299.00±33.61 c	170.92±1.36 bc	73.68±10.84 a	22.15±0.77 b	9.77±0.44 abc
	MT-FI	388.32±21.32 b	155.33±19.02 cd	80.15±2.47 a	23.30±1.11 ab	9.27±0.57 c
	DS-FI	439.21±10.73 a	148.46±12.16 d	47.32±3.97 b	24.21±0.12 a	8.36±0.03 d
	HT-II	286.76±18.30 c	199.96±1.78 a	74.71±0.57 a	22.25±0.84 b	10.30±0.20 a
	ST-II	244.71±24.23 d	179.39±0.84 ab	83.53±4.50 a	22.27±0.56 b	9.89±0.32 abc
	MT-II	391.78±2.57 b	157.25±13.81 cd	80.75±2.89 a	23.40±0.41 ab	9.47±0.36 bc
	DS-II	412.30±20.70 ab	147.27±10.91 d	51.67±2.42 b	23.59±0.86 ab	8.52±0.36 d

稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	实际产量 Actual yield/ (t·hm^-2)
早稻Early rice	HT-FI	361.14±26.16 ab	157.72±9.54 ab	85.72±5.39 a	26.45±0.42 ab	7.59±0.46 a
	ST-FI	375.28±23.31 ab	109.70±10.13 c	85.00±7.05 a	27.49±1.49 a	7.57±0.29 ab
	MT-FI	393.36±4.69 a	121.06±15.87 c	88.95±5.58 a	25.93±0.32 ab	7.48±0.55 ab
	DS-FI	215.61±8.79 c	158.52±25.30 ab	90.63±1.28 a	26.60±0.14 ab	6.71±0.24 c
	HT-II	386.54±10.76 a	169.58±15.11 a	85.07±2.33 a	26.11±0.28 ab	7.81±0.27 a
	ST-II	348.32±24.42 b	137.85±11.85 bc	83.42±2.02 a	27.30±0.08 a	7.63±0.20 a
	MT-II	382.31±12.32 ab	130.63±11.78 bc	89.11±7.85 a	25.60±1.40 b	7.70±0.24 a
	DS-II	212.42±22.00 c	172.50±4.67 a	89.56±3.64 a	27.22±0.47 ab	6.88±0.42 bc
晚稻Late rice	HT-FI	317.17±11.67 c	198.98±7.18 a	78.68±6.51 a	22.33±0.77 b	10.11±0.08 ab
	ST-FI	299.00±33.61 c	170.92±1.36 bc	73.68±10.84 a	22.15±0.77 b	9.77±0.44 abc
	MT-FI	388.32±21.32 b	155.33±19.02 cd	80.15±2.47 a	23.30±1.11 ab	9.27±0.57 c
	DS-FI	439.21±10.73 a	148.46±12.16 d	47.32±3.97 b	24.21±0.12 a	8.36±0.03 d
	HT-II	286.76±18.30 c	199.96±1.78 a	74.71±0.57 a	22.25±0.84 b	10.30±0.20 a
	ST-II	244.71±24.23 d	179.39±0.84 ab	83.53±4.50 a	22.27±0.56 b	9.89±0.32 abc
	MT-II	391.78±2.57 b	157.25±13.81 cd	80.75±2.89 a	23.40±0.41 ab	9.47±0.36 bc
	DS-II	412.30±20.70 ab	147.27±10.91 d	51.67±2.42 b	23.59±0.86 ab	8.52±0.36 d

处理 Treatment	出糙率Brown rice rate		精米率Milled rice rate		整精米率Head rice rate
处理 Treatment	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice
HT-FI	81.89±0.64 a	79.18±0.43 bc	61.00±1.01 abc	63.83±0.97 a	28.29±2.23 a	46.68±2.64 a
ST-FI	82.00±0.27 a	79.35±0.34 bc	62.79±2.88 a	65.15±1.81 a	28.91±5.21 a	45.31±1.55 a
MT-FI	82.07±0.23 a	78.93±0.33 c	61.83±1.07 abc	64.28±0.39 a	30.75±0.88 a	43.17±3.21 a
DS-FI	81.85±0.45 a	80.21±0.47 a	58.86±1.05 c	66.20±0.76 a	19.26±2.63 b	32.37±3.80 c
HT-II	82.24±0.09 a	79.39±0.34 bc	62.31±0.10 ab	64.67±1.13 a	32.20±3.96 a	47.03±0.79 a
ST-II	84.94±5.24 a	79.46±0.11 bc	61.77±2.22 abc	65.83±1.74 a	26.68±1.41 a	46.87±0.97 a
MT-II	82.01±0.23 a	79.45±0.34 bc	63.27±0.51 a	65.36±1.28 a	32.02±1.83 a	46.08±1.52 a
DS-II	81.44±0.52 a	79.64±0.14 ab	59.03±2.11 bc	66.04±0.80 a	20.36±1.52 b	37.32±2.13 b

Effect of irrigation and planting methods on the yield and quality of double-cropping rice

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稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	粒长 Length/mm	粒型长宽比 Ratio of length to width	垩白粒率 Chalky rice percentage/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree/%
早稻Early rice	HT-FI	5.53±0.04 a	2.16±0.01 bc	93.95±1.42 a	39.32±2.61 a
	ST-FI	5.55±0.03 a	2.17±0.01 ab	88.76±1.77 bc	38.29±1.74 a
	MT-FI	5.54±0.01 a	2.17±0.01 ab	90.23±1.83 abc	38.24±1.46 a
	DS-FI	5.51±0.01 a	2.14±0.01 d	92.66±2.33 ab	37.09±1.52 a
	HT-II	5.55±0.01 a	2.16±0.01 bc	93.11±1.11 ab	38.70±1.85 a
	ST-II	5.52±0.01 a	2.17±0.01 ab	90.31±0.72 abc	39.39±0.65 a
	MT-II	5.55±0.02 a	2.18±0.01 a	87.97±4.53 c	38.26±2.68 a
	DS-II	5.55±0.02 a	2.15±0.00 cd	93.67±1.13 a	40.31±0.94 a
晚稻Late rice	HT-FI	6.05±0.02 ab	2.83±0.01 ab	17.61±2.06 ab	4.98±0.58 c
	ST-FI	5.96±0.06 cd	2.81±0.03 ab	17.13±5.09 b	5.41±1.00 bc
	MT-FI	5.99±0.04 abcd	2.83±0.03 ab	18.19±0.65 ab	5.72±0.21 abc
	DS-FI	6.01±0.04 abc	2.81±0.02 ab	16.24±3.20 b	5.04±0.95 c
	HT-II	6.06±0.01 a	2.85±0.01 a	16.54±0.65 b	4.81±0.07 c
	ST-II	5.97±0.07 bcd	2.83±0.03 ab	20.84±2.84 ab	6.41±0.72 ab
	MT-II	5.92±0.04 d	2.79±0.01 b	23.01±0.54 a	6.76±0.24 a
	DS-II	6.04±0.02 abc	2.84±0.01 a	18.52±2.35 ab	5.54±0.71 abc

稻季 Rice season	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity/ (mPa·s)	热浆黏度 Hot paste viscosity/(mPa·s)	崩解值 Breakdown viscosity/(mPa·s)	冷胶黏度 Cool paste viscosity/(mPa·s)	消减值 Setback viscosity/ (mPa·s)	峰值时间 Peak time/min	糊化温度 Pasting temperature/℃
早稻	HT-FI	3 974.17 c	2 928.33 ab	1 045.83 c	4 880.50 ab	906.33 a	5.95 ab	81.38 a
Early	ST-FI	4 025.17 bc	3 048.17 ab	977.00 c	4 876.33 ab	851.17 a	6.06 a	81.78 a
rice	MT-FI	4 180.17 abc	2 854.33 b	1 325.83 a	4 830.83 b	650.67 b	5.79 b	81.81 a
	DS-FI	4 032.17 bc	2 912.17 ab	1 120.00 bc	4 842.50 b	810.33 a	5.87 ab	81.67 a
	HT-II	4 119.84 abc	3 014.17 ab	1 105.67 c	4 966.33 ab	846.50 a	5.94 ab	81.26 a
	ST-II	4 253.83 a	3 131.17 a	1 122.67 bc	5 039.17 a	785.33 a	5.97 ab	81.53 a
	MT-II	4 202.50 ab	2 885.17 ab	1 317.33 ab	4 839.83 b	637.33 b	5.83 ab	81.50 a
	DS-II	3 968.17 c	2 817.50 b	1 150.67 abc	4 807.83 b	839.67 a	5.87 ab	81.82 a
晚稻	HT-FI	3 128.17 c	1 701.67 ab	1 426.50 cd	2 871.00 a	-257.17 bc	6.08 a	82.29 a
Late	ST-FI	3 324.50 ab	1 712.00 ab	1 612.50 ab	2 865.83 a	-458.67 de	5.98 ab	82.33 a
rice	MT-FI	3 283.33 abc	1 757.50 a	1 525.83 abc	2 937.17 a	-346.17 cde	6.05 ab	82.60 a
	DS-FI	2 932.50 d	1 634.33 b	1 298.17 de	2 817.00 ab	-115.50 b	6.00 ab	79.38 b
	HT-II	3 171.50 bc	1 689.17 ab	1 482.33 bc	2 850.67 a	-320.83 cd	5.99 ab	82.18 a
	ST-II	3 351.17 a	1 677.67 ab	1 673.50 a	2 837.17 a	-514.00 e	5.92 b	81.89 a
	MT-II	3 221.50 abc	1 672.00 ab	1 549.50 abc	2 828.50 ab	-393.00 cde	6.00 ab	82.32 a
	DS-II	2 697.17 e	1 505.00 c	1 192.17 e	2 685.33 b	-11.83 a	6.00 ab	78.55 c

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处理 Treatment	直链淀粉含量Amylose content/%		胶稠度Gel consistency/mm		碱消值Alkali spreading value
处理 Treatment	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice
HT-FI	28.72±4.15 ab	20.97±1.84 ab	66.50±1.80 a	59.67±2.02 ab	6	7
ST-FI	30.51±0.32 ab	19.32±1.26 b	63.33±4.04 a	64.00±1.73 a	6	7
MT-FI	29.96±1.55 ab	18.58±1.28 b	70.50±5.22 a	64.33±1.89 a	6	7
DS-FI	26.57±1.31 b	24.19±3.12 a	68.00±4.27 a	57.83±5.58 b	6	7
HT-II	29.77±1.47 ab	20.48±0.38 ab	68.83±3.69 a	61.83±3.82 ab	6	7
ST-II	30.74±1.62 ab	20.96±2.44 ab	63.33±5.03 a	62.67±1.26 ab	6	7
MT-II	31.19±1.35 a	21.05±0.53 ab	71.00±2.00 a	60.83±2.36 ab	6	7
DS-II	28.84±0.67 ab	22.28±1.71 ab	69.50±5.41 a	56.67±2.36 b	6	7

处理 Treatment	直链淀粉含量Amylose content/%		胶稠度Gel consistency/mm		碱消值Alkali spreading value
处理 Treatment	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice	早稻Early rice	晚稻Late rice
HT-FI	28.72±4.15 ab	20.97±1.84 ab	66.50±1.80 a	59.67±2.02 ab	6	7
ST-FI	30.51±0.32 ab	19.32±1.26 b	63.33±4.04 a	64.00±1.73 a	6	7
MT-FI	29.96±1.55 ab	18.58±1.28 b	70.50±5.22 a	64.33±1.89 a	6	7
DS-FI	26.57±1.31 b	24.19±3.12 a	68.00±4.27 a	57.83±5.58 b	6	7
HT-II	29.77±1.47 ab	20.48±0.38 ab	68.83±3.69 a	61.83±3.82 ab	6	7
ST-II	30.74±1.62 ab	20.96±2.44 ab	63.33±5.03 a	62.67±1.26 ab	6	7
MT-II	31.19±1.35 a	21.05±0.53 ab	71.00±2.00 a	60.83±2.36 ab	6	7
DS-II	28.84±0.67 ab	22.28±1.71 ab	69.50±5.41 a	56.67±2.36 b	6	7