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    Crop Science
    Cloning and expression analysis of NtCIPK2 gene in Nicotiana tabacum
    ZHUO Wei, CHEN Qian, LU Liming, LI Liqin
    2017, 29(10):  1597-1604.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.01
    Abstract ( 452 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (806KB) ( 1505 )  
    CIPK(CBL-interacting protein kinase)is a class of bioactive serine/ threonine protein kinase that interacts with the calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) to regulate the physiological activity of plants in adapting or resisting to abiotic stress. The homologous sequences were used to clone the full length cDNA of NtCIPK2 gene in the tobacco cultivar K326, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the tissue-specific and abiotic stress expression pattern of NtCIPK2. The results showed that this gene contained 1 341 bp and encoded 446 amino acid. The predicted molecular weight was 50.3 ku and the isoelectric point (pI) was 8.90. The homology analysis showed that the protein had 95% homology with Nicotiana tomentosiformis CIPK2, thus it was named as NtCIPK2. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NtCIPK2 was a hydrophilic protein whose N-terminus contained a conserved active loop domain S_TKc and the C-terminus contained the regulatory domain CIPK-C, and might be localized in the plasma membrane. Expression patterns showed that the gene was expressed in roots, stems, leaves and flowers in mature stage, which has the highest expression in stems. Expression patterns under abiotic stress indicated the gene expression was induced by low-potassium, high-salt, drought, H2O2 and ABA treatment, and involved in the response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum.
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    Study on grain production in Zhejiang based on factors decomposition of cultivated land use
    WANG Yulei, WANG Jie, SHAN Yingjie, ZHU Youwei
    2017, 29(10):  1605-1610.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.02
    Abstract ( 489 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (608KB) ( 1749 )  
    To understand the trends of grain production in Zhejiang Province, wave theory was adopted to study the grain output during 1978-2015, and LMDI approach was introduced to decompose the factors of cultivated land use which influenced grain production. It was shown that grain production in Zhejiang increased first, then reduced and was tended to be stable. The production fluctuation was narrowed, yet cyclical characteristics still existed. The increase of yield per hectare was the major factor to increase grain production, while the adjustment of planting structure, the reduction of multiple-crop index and cultivated land resources led to the decrease of grain production. The dominant factor to the grain production differed among cities. The decrease of multiple-crop index was the main factor for yield reduction in Taizhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo and Zhoushan, while the structure adjustment was the main factor for the rest cities.
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    Analysis and evaluation of crop variety safety and diagnosis of obstacle factors based on AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method—Taking Hexi seed production base as an example
    FU Bin, DOU Xuecheng
    2017, 29(10):  1611-1619.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.03
    Abstract ( 488 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (769KB) ( 1582 )  
    Maize is the third largest food, whose variety safety is closely related to the food security. At present, the Hexi seed production base is facing several problems including more close varieties, less distant varieties, germplasm resources homogenization and so on. Based on the related research of maize variety safety, combined with field survey data, we used the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. From the four aspects of resource security, market security, management security and technology security, 24 indexes were selected to construct the evaluation system for the safety system of maize varieties; and the obstacle factors on the maize safety were investigated. The results showed that the safety of maize varieties in a state of insecurity, which was mainly due to the insecurity of core production link. The degree of obstacle factors for the safety of maize varieties showed in the order of technical factor>market factor>resource factor>management factor. In the single obstacle factor evaluation, the perfection of supervision and management system for seed market, Improper competition in seed markets, perfection, technical standard of seed production, management level of seed production process became the main factors affecting the safety of maize varieties.
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    Animal Science
    Current status of fishery resources in downstream section of Qiantang River
    HAO Yabin, LIU Jindian, ZHANG Aiju, GUO Aihuan
    2017, 29(10):  1620-1629.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.04
    Abstract ( 450 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (916KB) ( 1464 )  
    In order to understand the fish resources in downstream section of Qiantang River, a quarterly survey was conducted by on drift-gill-net or fishpots combining with social investigation at Tonglu section, Fuyang section, and Wenyan section from November 2014 to December 2016. The results showed that a total of 56 species were collected, which belonged to 9 orders, 13 families, 42 genera, and Cyprinidae had the largest number of species, which constituted 60.71% of the total species. The dominant species were Tachysurus nitidus, Carassius auratus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis. The species number and biomass of fish community displayed obvious variation quarterly, with the largest number in the spring of 2015, and the highest biomass in winter. The Margalef diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou diversity index also showed obvious variations quarterly,with the range of 1.24 to 2.83, 0.75 to 0.89, 1.73 to 2.53,and 0.56 to 0.74, respectively. The fish community in the survey regions changed obviously compared with the historical records, and the released fish species had become dominant except the local species Tachysurus nitidus and Carassius auratus. In addition, the presence of exotic species and hybrids may pose a potential threat to the healthy development of fishery resources in the study sections.
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    Analysis of factors related to weight change of Sunite sheep
    LI Qi, LIU Shuang
    2017, 29(10):  1630-1636.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.05
    Abstract ( 503 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (630KB) ( 1620 )  
    In order to promote the modernization of animal husbandry and guide herdsmen precision feeding and scientific breeding. the weight change features of the Sunite sheep were studied. The sheep’s body weight, body size data from June 2015 to June 2016 in a Xilinguole Meng East Su Qi herdsman farm were taken as the research object. Firstly, the method of gray correlation analysis was used to find meteorological factor limiting Sunite sheep’s daily weight gain. The rank of meteorological factors affecting the body weight of Sunite sheep was as temperature>wind speed>sunshine>precipitation>visibility>pressure>humidity. Secondly, the correlation analysis, path analysis and correlation coefficient decomposition of sheep’s body weight and size were carried out by SPSS 19.0 software. The results showed that body weight (y) and chest circumference(x3)、body length(x2)、chest depth (x4)、body height (x1) were significantly correlated (P<0.01). The body length (x2) and chest (x3) index had direct and indirect effects on weight (y). The height (x1) and chest depth (x4) were assisting other traits to influence body weight (y) indirectly.
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    Genetic variation of mitochondrial DNA Cyt b among three Siniperca scherzeri populations in Zhejiang Province
    XU Xiaojun, MENG Qinghui, CHEN Xiaoming
    2017, 29(10):  1637-1641.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.06
    Abstract ( 436 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (456KB) ( 1438 )  
    The mtDNA Cyt b gene of Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner from the upper reaches of Qiantang River (Jiangshan population and Wuxijiang population) and the upper reaches of Oujiang River (Yunhe population) were amplified and sequenced to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure. The results showed that the average content of A+T (52.11%) was higher than that of G+C (47.89%) in the aligned 965 bp partial sequences. A total of 16 polymorphic sites were detected and 8 haplotypes were recovered out of 77 individuals. The haplotype diversity of Jiangshan, Wuxijiang and Yunhe populations were 0.570±0.078, 0.668±0.067 and 0.667±0.032,respectively, while the nucleotide diversity of the three populations were 0.001 8±0.000 3、0.001 9±0.000 2、0.004 3±0.000 6,respectively. The Fst value between Jiangshan population and Wuxijiang population was low (Fst=-0.005 16, P>0.05), which indicated that the two upper reaches of Qiantang River populations did not have significant genetic differentiation. While statistically significant genetic differentiations were observed between Yunhe population and Jiangshan population (Fst=0.191 23, P<0.01), and between Yunhe population and Wuxijiang population (Fst=0.178 10, P<0.01), which indicated significant genetic differentiations between the upper reaches of Qiantang River and the upper reaches of Oujiang River.
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    Sequencing and B-cell epitopes prediction of Bordetella avium HagA protein
    YUAN Peng, ZHU Ruiliang, CUI Chenchen, YANG Pingping
    2017, 29(10):  1642-1647.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.07
    Abstract ( 460 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (560KB) ( 1429 )  
    This article is carried out to predict the secondary structure of Bordetella avium HagA and the dominant epitope of B cell antigen, in order to discuss the possibility of HagA protein in the production of monoclonal antibodies. In this study, hagA gene of B. avium was amplified, cloned and sequenced. The secondary structure and B cell epitopes of the HagA protein of B. avium were analyzed and predicted subsequently by using bioinformatics software. The results showed that the B. avium HagA protein was supposed to include 7 potential antigen epitopes and 6 potential glycosylated sites. The results provide a theoretical basis for the further study of immune mechanisms, monoclonal antibodies preparation and epitope vaccine design.
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    Comparative analysis of BNK gene sequences in different chicken breeds
    CHEN Ying, ZHENG Shenghan, KONG Linglin, ZHU Pengfei, WU Yun, GUO Qixin, CHEN Guohong, CHANG Guobin
    2017, 29(10):  1648-1653.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.08
    Abstract ( 464 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (526KB) ( 1421 )  
    The BNK (C-type lectin-like receptor 2) gene is an inhibitory receptor expressed on natural killer cells, which is closely related to the innate immune function of poultry. In this study, according to NCBI 5.0 Gallus gallus, we used MEGA6 software to analyze BNK gene in 24 types of chickens. We found several SNPs, Indels and amino acids on exons and introns. In addition, we performed the clustering in 24 chickens via MEGA6. The results showed that most of the SNPs sites occurred on Exon3, Exon5 and Exon6, and most of them were missense mutations. The SNPs sites mostly occurred on Intron1, Intron2 and Intron4. And then the Indels mostly occurred on Intron2, Intron4 and Exon5. There was no significant difference between domestic and foreign chicken breeds, and most of the Indels sequences were basically the same. By cluster analysis the chickens were divided into three groups, Langshan chicken, Ross chicken, Recessive white chicken, Chahua chicken and Rugao yellow chicken as a class; Xueshan chicken, Anka chicken, Dou chicken and Xiaoshan chicken as a class; Gushi chicken as a class. According to clustering analysis, BNK gene of Gushi chicken was a single origin. In conclusion, BNK gene has abundant genetic diversity in Chinese chicken breeds and there was close relation in innate immunity with different chicken breeds, which provide reference for immune genetics and disease resistance breeding of poultry.
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    Overexpression of human Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 in livers accelerates lipid peroxidation
    XU Chongli, XU Chongbo, GONG Yuchen, OUYANG Hongsheng
    2017, 29(10):  1654-1660.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.09
    Abstract ( 354 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1344 )  
    The transgenic Bama miniature pigs in which human Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1(hNPC1L1) was overexpressed in the livers were constructed by using somatic cell nuclear transfer technique with the minipig fetal fibroblast cells as the nuclear donor cells. The hNPC1L1 was specifically expressed in transgenic liver tissues as revealed by PCR and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis. A preliminary study on transgenic Bama miniature pigs was carried out, and the marker malondialdehyde (MDA) of lipid peroxidation was detected. The result showed that the level of MDA in transgenic pigs [(7.51±0.09) nmol·mL-1] was significantly higher than that in non-transgenic pigs [(3.56±0.16) nmol·mL-1] (P<0.001), but SOD level in transgenic pigs [(131±4.61)U·mg-1] was significantly lower than that in non-transgenic pigs [(229.2±4.39)U·mg-1] (P<0.001). All of these suggested that severe lipid peroxidation occurred in the liver and the oxygen free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced. This study revealed that overexpression of NPC1L1 in the liver led to severe lipid peroxidation, which indicated that NPC1L1 played an important role in lipid metabolism disorders and liver diseases and could be a new target for liver disease treatment.
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    Cloning, sequence analysis and tissue expression of MUSTN1 gene in sheep (Ovis aires)
    GAO Jianfeng, LU Zengkui, MA Youji, LI Taotao1, ZHAO Xingxu
    2017, 29(10):  1661-1668.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.10
    Abstract ( 501 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1490 )  
    In order to study MUSTN1 gene characteristics of sheep (Ovis aires) and its expression at different developmental stages in longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris, fifteen sheep longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris tissues were collected at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 month old stages (three replicates for each). With application of molecular biology and other methods, the bioinformatics and tissue expression of the coding region of MUSTN1 gene were cloned and analyzed. The results showed that the CDS region of the MUSTN1 gene was 248 bp, encoded with 82 amino acid, molecular weight of 8.89 ku, its theoretical isoelectric point is 9.93, the GC content is greater than AT content, 5 phosphorylation sites, 5 N-glycosylation site, 1 O-glycosylation site, 0 transmembrane structure, hydrophobic protein and the secondary structure of MUSTN1 protein is dominated by random coil; the highest homology was 99.2% and 100% in the nucleotide and the amino acid sequence of goat (Capra hircus), followed by Bos taurus(97.2% and 100%, respectively). MUSTN1 gene was expressed in the longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris at different developmental stages (0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 month old). The expression of MUSTN1 in the longissimus dorsi was the highest at 24 month-old, which was significantly higher than those at other month old (P<0.01). The expression of MUSTN1 was the lowest at 0 month and significantly lower than that in 2 and 12 month old (P<0.01), significantly lower than that in 6 month old (P<0.05). The expression of MUSTN1 in 6 month old sheep biceps femoris was the highest and significantly higher than other month old (P<0.01). The expression level of 24 month old was significantly higher than that in 12 month old (P<0.01) and 0 month old (P<0.05). The conclusion was that the coding sequence of the MUSTN1 gene of sheep was conserved among species and expressed in the sheep of the dorsal long muscle and biceps femoris muscle at different development stages. The expression level of MUSTN1 gene may be related to the growth of skeletal muscle.
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    Horticultural Science
    Mineral nutritional characteristics of different organs in fruit-bearing tree of Myrica rubra Lour.
    LIANG Senmiao, GUO Xiuzhu, ZHENG Xiliang, ZHANG Shuwen, WEN Luhua, HUANG Pinhu, QI Xingjiang
    2017, 29(10):  1669-1677.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.11
    Abstract ( 425 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (781KB) ( 1451 )  
    In order to reveal the variation and distribution characteristics of mineral elements in Chinese bayberry, 8 years old young trees and adult fruit-bearing trees of Dongkui were used as plant materials, and mineral elements contents (including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Zn and Cu) in diffrent organs were investigated at florescence, young fruit stage, autumn growth period and dormant phase. The result suggested that contents of N, K, Ca, Fe and Mn varied greatly in different organs and different growth stages, and contents of P, S, Cu, Mg and B had no significant difference. Content of N was the highest in leaves of both the young trees and adult fruit-bearing trees, and followed by the branches. Content of K was much higher in branches and leaves of the young trees, and it was the highest in fruit of the adult fruit-bearing trees, followed by the branches and leaves. Content of Ca was the highest in branches, with the content higher than 6 g·kg-1; and it was the lowest in fruit, with the content less than 0.6 g·kg-1. Content of Mn was much higher in leaves and branches, and content of Fe was much higher in roots. In the adult fruit-bearing trees, contents of N, Mn, Zn were increased, and contents of P, Fe were declined, when compared with the young trees. The results might provide principle of fertilization for management of mineral nutrition in the production of Chinese bayberry.
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    Morphological type and molecular identification of ectomycorrhiza on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
    ZHANG Wenquan, LUO Guotao, YU Yang, YAN Wei
    2017, 29(10):  1678-1685.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.12
    Abstract ( 566 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (755KB) ( 1484 )  
    The primary study on the diversity of ectomycorrhiza associated with Pinus sylvestris var mongolica in Inner Mongolia surrounding area was investigated using morphological, anatomical and molecular method, and the sequences obtained were blasted using GenBank. The results indicated that there were 19 species different ectomycorrhizas on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Inner Mongolia area. Among these 19 species ectomycorrhizas fungi, 3 species belong to Ascomycotina and the rest species belong to Basidiomycotina, they belong respectively to Cortinarius, Inocybe, Suillus, Sebacina, Russula, Lactarius, Tomentella, Hebeloma, Cenococcum, Tuber, Tricholoma. The results showed that the diversity of ectomycorrhizas on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was high, and it was different with results identified by fruiting body associated with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.
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    Plant Protection
    Pathogenic characters of Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedroviruses on Ectropis grisescens Warren and screening of high efficient strain
    TANG Meijun, GUO Huawei, GE Chaomei, YIN Kunshan, XIAO Qiang
    2017, 29(10):  1686-1691.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.13
    Abstract ( 475 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (528KB) ( 1405 )  
    Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedroviruses (EoNPV) is an effective pathogen of Ectropis obliqua Prout larvae. Ectropis grisescens Warren is a related species of E. obliqua, which is the major pest of tea plant. To investigate the using of EoNPV against E. grisescens, the pathogenic characters of EoNPV on E. grisescens and screening of high efficient strain were studied. The results showed the 1st instar larvae of E. grisescens was the most sensitive to EoNPV, the mortality was 82.7%-100% infected with EoNPV in the concentration of 2×104-2×108 PIB·mL-1. The value of LC50 for the 2nd instar larvae was 2.32×106 PIB·mL-1 on the 9th day after inoculation. The virulence of EoNPV against the larvae of 2nd generation of E. grisescens was highest among the 1st-5th generations. The strain QF4 was screened as high efficient strain through bioassay among all the strains which was extracted from the dead larvae of E. grisescens infected by EoNPV constantly. The mortality rate of E. grisescens infected by this virus strain increased by 51.5% than that of original strain, and the median lethal time was shortened by 1.5 days. Thus it is suggested that the suitable period of spraying in the field could be at the 1st instar larvae of 2nd generations and the QF4 stain could be used to multiply the virus.
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    Effects of bifenazate on eggs and oviposition inhibitory activities of Tetranychus cinnabarinus and Tetranychus urticae
    YANG Zhenguo, XIE Daoyan, NI Jing, SU Zhenguo, LUO Yanjie
    2017, 29(10):  1692-1698.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.14
    Abstract ( 410 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (591KB) ( 1384 )  
    In order to ascertain the effect of bifenazate on spider mites oviposition and mite eggs. The acaricidal activities, oviposition changes and egg hatch under different concentration of bifenazate against Tetranychus cinnabarinus and T. urticae were compared by leaf disc method in indoor condition. The results indicated that 1.25-100.00 mg·L-1 bifenazate showed significantly acaricidal activities against T. cinnabarinus and T. urticae female adults with LC50 of 7.52 and 12.42 mg·L-1, respectively, and their oviposition were significantly inhibited with the oviposition inhibitory rate between 27% to 81% and 10% to 80%, and the median oviposition inhibitory concentration were 4.16 and 6.86 mg·L-1, respectively. Moreover, hatchability significantly decreased with increasing bifenazate concentration, and the LC50 were 24.26 and 15.28 mg·L-1, respectively. Therefore, bifenazate not only killed adult mites, but also had a significant effect on oviposition inhibitory, and the hatching of sprayed mite eggs was also significantly affected.
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    DAS-ELISA detection and analysis of six kinds of viruses in plantlets regenerated from Huaiyushan high mountain potato shoot-tips
    YIN Minghua, LIU Yan, YU Xueting, LI Yuanfang, ZHOU Rong, FAN Yahong, LUO Yujie, WAN Xiaoxia
    2017, 29(10):  1699-1705.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.15
    Abstract ( 483 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (589KB) ( 1515 )  
    In order to determine the virus species and screen out its virus-free plantlets, 6 viruses (potato leafroll virus, potato virus Y, potato virus X, potato virus S, potato virus M and potato virus A) in plantlets regenerated from shoot-tips of Huaiyushan high mountain potato were detected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA, and the efficiency of different shoot tip detoxification methods were compared. The results showed that there were 6 viruses including potato leafroll virus, potato virus Y, potato virus X, potato virus S, potato virus M and potato virus A in Huaiyushan high mountain potato. Two methods such as “simple shoot tip culture” and “shoot tip culture→thermotherapy→shoot tip culture” can only remove parts of the viruses, while “shoot tip culture→thermotherapy→shoot tip culture→thermotherapy→shoot tip culture” could remove all 6 viruses. In this study, we successfully obtained the virus-free plantlets of Huaiyushan high mountain potato, of which No. 5-1-2 and No. 6-4-1 had better virus-free effect and No. 5-3-2 and No. 6-2-2 had the best virus-free effect. The results will help to provide technical support and theoretical basis for virus-free plantlet industrial production of Huaiyushan high mountain potato and its industrialization development under the background of the fourth major staple food.
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    Environmental Science
    Ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in surface sediment in coastal area of Feiyun River
    CHEN Xingxing, HUANG Zhenhua, PAN Qicun, LU Rongmao, ZENG Guoquan, KE Aiying, HUANG Zhixing, YE Shen
    2017, 29(10):  1706-1711.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.16
    Abstract ( 549 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (644KB) ( 1369 )  
    In order to explore the status of water environmental quality at Feiyun River estuary, surface sediments of 14 sites were collected in Ruian and Pingyang region in August 2016. The contents of heavy metals in surface sediment were analyzed with no flame and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the ecological risk of heavy metals were assessed by Hakanson potential ecological risk index. It was shown that the situations of heavy metals pollution in the 2 sample areas were similar. The average contamination index of Cu, Zn and Cr was greater than 1, and reached the medium pollution level. The average comprehensive contamination index of Ruian and Pingyang was 5.34 and 5.87, respectively, which were located in the low pollution level. The ecological risk index of Pingyang (21.03) was greater than that of Ruian(18.37), indicating low ecological risk level. As influenced by the river and tributaries of the Aojiang Feiyun flow, the pollution of Pingyang region was more severe than that of Ruian.
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    Study on correlation among soil dielectric properties and its influencing factors
    ZUO Dianyun, TIAN Hao, ZHOU Jincheng, ZHAO Yandong
    2017, 29(10):  1712-1719.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.17
    Abstract ( 468 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (774KB) ( 1348 )  
    Clay loam in Haidian District, Beijing was selected as research object and the impacts of soil volume moisture content (6%-36%), soil urea content (0-1%), soil bulk density (1.2-2.6 g·cm-3), temperature (10-50 ℃), salt content (0-0.42%) on soil dielectric properties were explored and analyzed by vector network analyzer NA7300A based on parallel plate technology within the test frequency (40-150 MHz), and estimation model of reactance with soil dielectric properties was built. It was shown that the reactance had good linear relation with soil moisture content at the range of 6%-30% under different test frequencies. The reactance value increased with the increase of moisture content. When the test frequency was 100 MHz, the determination coefficient (R2) of the constructed linearity was higher than 0.97. Urea did not cause the change of reactance value regularly. With the increase of bulk density, soil salinity and temperature, reactance value increased. The multiple linear regression model was established with reactance as the dependent variable and soil moisture content, bulk density, temperature, salt content and test frequency as independent variables, of which the determination coefficient (R2) was 0.92, and the probability (P) was less than the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the model could be used as estimation model to study the dielectric properties of clay loam in Beijing.
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    Effect of land use types on soil light and heavy fraction organic carbon in Karst mountain area
    LAN Jiacheng, XIAO Shizhen, LIN Junqing, SHEN Yan
    2017, 29(10):  1720-1725.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.18
    Abstract ( 464 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (552KB) ( 1537 )  
    In the present study, forest land, vegetable land, grass land and abandoned land in Karst mountainous area of Zhongliang in Chongqing were selected as study objects. Influences of different land use types on soil light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) contents, distributions and sensitivity were studied using the method of relative density fractionation, variance analysis and correlation analysis. It was shown that contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), LFOC, HFOC and LFOC/SOC in forest land, vegetable land, grass land were significantly higher than those in abandoned land. However, HFOC/SOC in abandoned land were higher than those in the other land use types. The contents of LFOC, HFOC and SOC under different land use types decreased with the increasing soil depth. Soil LFOC had the highest sensitivity, and was followed by SOC and HFOC. Soil LFOC was more sensitive to the land use changes. Therefore, soil LFOC could be used as indicator of soil quality and soil organic stability.
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    Reference of paddy soil developed from granite in eastern Hunan in Chinese Soil Taxonomy
    PENG Tao, OUYANG Ningxiang, ZHANG Liang, SHENG Hao, ZHOU Qing, HUANG Yunxiang, ZHANG Yangzhu
    2017, 29(10):  1726-1732.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.19
    Abstract ( 408 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (578KB) ( 1364 )  
    To study the attribution of genetic classification of paddy soil in Chinese Soil Taxonomy and explore the production ability of soil series, 7 typical profiles of paddy soil developed from granite in eastern Hunan Province were dug. The soil-forming environment and soil profile morphological characteristics were examined, and physicochemical properties were also analyzed. According to the Chinese soil taxonomy, under the suborder of stagnic anthrosol, 2 groups of fec-stagnic anthrosol and gen-stagnic anthrosol and 2 subgroups of typ-fec-stagnic anthrosol and typ-gen-stagnic anthrosol were identified. Six soil families and 7 soil series (Chexi series, Liujiachang series, Shuangjiachong serirs, Hongyang series, Baishu series, Wantou series and Fu’an series) were established. This study implied that quantitative indicators (particle size and texture profile) in Chinese Soil Taxonomy were more useful for soil basal classification than descriptive classification in genetic classification system.
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    Soil CO2 emission of different forest types in Sejila Mountains, southeast of Tibet
    YANG Hong, CAO Jianting, XU Changchang, GUO Fenglei
    2017, 29(10):  1733-1741.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.20
    Abstract ( 459 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (805KB) ( 1461 )  
    In order to elucidate the characteristics of soil carbon emission in different forest types and effects of O layer soil on soil carbon emission, treatments removed and retained O layer were set up, and the carbon emissions of the main types of forest (fir, rhododendron, alpine oak, spruce) in the Sejila mountains in southeastern of Tibet were measured, respectively. The results showed that: (1)Four kinds of forest soils were acidic (pH<6.0), and the pH gradually increased with deepening of the soil; (2) Soil temperature and humidity changes had the characteristics of single peak diurnal variation, the maximum value appeared during 12:00—14:00, the minimum appears during 8:00—9:00; On diurnal variation scale, soil CO2 emission rate also showed the diurnal variation characteristics of single peak type, and CO2 emission rates of the four forest types were as follows: remain O layer>remove O layer>O layer, the differences of CO2 emission rate between different treatments were extremely significant (P<0.01); The characteristics of cumulative carbon flux in different forest types were consistent with the variation of soil CO2 emission rate.
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    Food Science
    Estimation of apple leaf chlorophyll content based on hyperspectral data
    YANG Fuqin, FENG Haikuan, LI Zhenhai, YANG Guijun, DAI Huayang
    2017, 29(10):  1742-1748.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.21
    Abstract ( 589 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (636KB) ( 1504 )  
    In the present study, the apple leaf spectral and chlorophyll content of apple leaf were acquired from 2012 to 2013 in Feicheng City, Shandong Province. The correlation between chlorophyll content and the original spectral reflectance or continuum removal spectrum was analyzed to explore the estimation model of apple leaf chlorophyll content. It was shown that the optimal band correlation between apple leaf chlorophyll content and the original spectral reflectance was 553, 711 and 1 301 nm, and the optimal model for apple leaf chlorophyll content was obtained based on 711 nm spectrum, of which the determination coefficient was 0.88. The optimal band correlation between apple leaf chlorophyll content and continuum removal spectrum was 553, 738 and 801 nm, and the optimal model of apple leaf chlorophyll content was obtained based on 738 nm spectrum, of which the determination coefficient was 0.94. According to the sensitive wavelength based on correlation, the apple leaf chlorophyll content prediction model was established based on random forest (RF), of which the determination coefficient was 0.94. The established estimation models for apple leaves chlorophyll content based on random forest, spectral parameters 711 and 738 nm were compared, and it was shown that the optimum model was established by random forest, of which the determination coefficient was 0.54.
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    Biosystems Engineering
    Extraction of rice planting area based on Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image in Shenyang city
    ZHENG Luyue, XU Tongyu, ZHOU Yuncheng, DU Wen
    2017, 29(10):  1749-1758.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.22
    Abstract ( 512 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (976KB) ( 1492 )  
    In order to study the feasibility of remote sensing data and extraction method to estimate the area of rice planting, this paper used Landsat 8 OLI image as the data source and ENVI5.1 as software platform to monitor rice growth situation in June-September 2015 in Shenyang city, and extracted its acreage eventually. Based on the field survey samples, by analyzing the spectral characteristics, the normalized differential vegetation index and the characteristics of remote sensing images, this paper determined the false color synthesis by band 6, band 5 and band 2. The sampling points of the rice were selected by the mixed pixels, and the number of samples was 100, 150 and 200 respectively. The transformed divergence and Jeffries-Matusita were used to test the separability among the samples. The samples were classified by the support vector machine. The classification results were sorted by Majority/Minority analysis method, and the extraction model of different rice areas were established finally. The results showed that the sample number of 200 was most accurate in June, July and September, and the extraction area was 1 032.044 8, 1 201.125 9 and 1 180.685 5 km2. According to the results from Shenyang Agricultural Statistics (2015), the evaluation was 94.73%, 89.75% and 91.62% respectively. The experimental results showed that the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data can accurately extract the rice planting area in Shenyang, and lay the foundation for the rice planting monitoring for the multi-source data.
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    Agricultural Economy and Development
    Study on intergenerational social mobility in rural China: Evidence from national survey of 101 villages in 5 provinces
    YE Chunhui, BIAN Wei, ZHUO Ni, ZHANG Linxiu
    2017, 29(10):  1759-1768.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.10.23
    Abstract ( 484 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 1609 )  
    The reform in China has been into a critical period and a deep water area. People have more and more interest in issues like social stratification and income distribution unfairness. On the basis of relevant previous research from abroad and at home, this paper created a new class structure analysis framework that contains 6 occupational classes considering the real situation of rural residents. Then, by analyzing the large sample data from 5 provinces and 101 villages of China rural family follow-up survey, this paper drew a picture of occupational class structure in rural China and analyzed the general situation and change tendency of intergenerational social mobility. The results of empirical analysis showed that inborn factors such as the education level of farther and household registration system still have obvious effect on intergenerational social mobility of residents in rural China while afterward factors have obvious effect, which means that on person can achieve upward mobility by struggle. Community factors have some influence on intergenerational social mobility, which means that local government can do more to optimize social mobility situation.
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