不同梅品种的需冷量与需热量

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.11

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 1080-1087.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.05.11

不同梅品种的需冷量与需热量

张钰晗¹(), 张纪堂², 马开峰¹, 张若溪¹, 韦淋馨¹, 李庆卫¹^,^*()

1.北京林业大学园林学院,北京 100083
2.河南省鄢陵县林业局,河南鄢陵 461200

收稿日期:2022-09-28 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-01
作者简介:张钰晗(1994—),女,河北雄安人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事园林植物栽培与应用等研究。E-mail: 1037014301@qq.com
通讯作者: *李庆卫,E-mail: lqw6809@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000500);北京林业大学建设世界一流学科和特色发展引导专项资金(2019XKJS0324);科学研究与研究生培养共建科研项目(2016GJ-03);北京园林绿化增彩延绿科技创新工程(2019-KJC-02-10)

Chilling and heat requirements of different Prunus mume cultivars

ZHANG Yuhan¹(), ZHANG Jitang², MA Kaifeng¹, ZHANG Ruoxi¹, WEI Linxin¹, LI Qingwei¹^,^*()

1. School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Yanling City Forestry Bureau, Yanling 461200, Henan, China

Received:2022-09-28 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-06-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析不同低温积累对梅花开花特性的影响,为梅花盆景花期调控的栽培技术提供理论依据,以早玉蝶、早花绿萼、南京宫粉、骨里红4种典型早花梅品种多年生实生苗为试材,采用人工低温诱导解除梅花自然休眠和提前升温促进开花的方法,对河南鄢陵地区种植最为广泛的梅品种进行需冷量和需热量的研究。结果表明:根据犹他模型对4个品种的需冷量进行统计,早玉蝶的需冷量为372 CU,早花绿萼为348 CU,南京宫粉为396 CU,骨里红为408 CU。4个梅品种均属于低需冷量品种,其中,早花绿萼最低,另外3个品种差异较小;根据生长度时模型对开花需热量进行统计,得出早玉蝶、早花绿萼、南京宫粉、骨里红的花芽需热量分别为9 756.28、10 129.51、9 865.46、9 171.14 GDH℃,而根据有效积温模型对开花需热量进行统计,需热量分别为397.10、414.80、400.65、375.50 ℃;犹他模型下的需冷量与生长度时数模型、有效积温模型2种需热量评价模型的需热量值之间存在负相关关系。因此,4个梅品种均属于低需冷量品种,冷量积累对开花品质起到促进作用;2个需热量模型对需热量的排序估算相一致;需冷量与需热量存在负相关关系,二者对解除休眠和花芽萌发均起重要作用。

关键词: 梅, 花期调控, 需冷量, 需热量

Abstract:

In this study, four typical perennial seedlings of early-flowering Prunus mume cultivars, P. mume cv. Zaoyudie, P. mume cv. Zaohualve, P. mume cv. Nanjinggongfen and P. mume cv. Gulihong, were used as test materials. The experimental methods of natural dormancy of P. mume blossoms and early warming to promote flowering were conducted to study the chilling and heat requirements of the most widely planted P. mume cultivars in Yanling, Henan. Effects of different low temperature accumulations on the flowering characteristics of P. mume blossoms were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the cultivation techniques for regulating the flowering period of P. mume. The results showed that according to the statistics of the chilling requirement of the 4 cultivars according to the Utah model, it was concluded that the chilling requirement of P. mume cv. Zaoyudie was 372 CU, P. mume cv. Zaohualve was 348 CU, and P. mume cv. Nanjinggongfen was 396 CU, and P. mume cv. Gulihong was 408 CU. The 4 cultivars all belonged to the cultivars with low chilling requirement, among which P. mume cv. Zaohualve was the lowest, and the other 3 cultivars had little difference. According to the model of growth length, the heat requirement of flower buds of P. mume cv. Zaoyudie, P. mume cv. Zaohualve, P. mume cv. Nanjinggongfen and P. mume cv. Gulihong were 9 756.28、10 129.51、9 865.46、9 171.14 GDH ℃, respectively; According to the effective accumulated temperature model, the heat requirements for flowering were 397.10, 414.80, 400.65, 375.50 ℃, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the chilling demand value under the Utah model and the heat requirement value under the 2 heat requirement evaluation models. Therefore, the 4 P. mume cultivars were all low chilling requirement cultivars, and the accumulation of chilling capacity played a role in promoting the flowering quality; the ranking and estimation of the heat requirement by the 2 heat requirement models were consistent; there was a negative correlation between the chilling requirement and the heat requirement, which both played important role in relieving dormancy and flower bud germination.

Key words: Prunus mume, regulation of flowering period, chilling requirement, heat requirement

中图分类号:

S685.17

张钰晗, 张纪堂, 马开峰, 张若溪, 韦淋馨, 李庆卫. 不同梅品种的需冷量与需热量[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1080-1087.

ZHANG Yuhan, ZHANG Jitang, MA Kaifeng, ZHANG Ruoxi, WEI Linxin, LI Qingwei. Chilling and heat requirements of different Prunus mume cultivars[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(5): 1080-1087.

图/表 6

参考文献 26

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日期 Date	需冷量 Chilling requirement/CU	花芽萌发率germination rate of flower bud/%
日期 Date	需冷量 Chilling requirement/CU	骨里红Gulihong	南京宫粉Nanjinggongfen	早玉蝶Zaoyudie	早花绿萼Zaohualve
2021-09-12	132	1.89	0	0	0
2021-09-17	252	9.52	0	20.57	0
2021-09-19	276	15.19	0	18.20	26.12
2021-09-21	348	18.10	12.34	31.58	50.82
2021-09-23	396	40.25	49.91	63.53	58.40
2021-09-25	420	62.10	40.21	53.29	61.27
2021-09-27	492	75.36	63.52	78.54	60.03

日期 Date	需冷量 Chilling requirement/CU	花芽萌发率germination rate of flower bud/%
日期 Date	需冷量 Chilling requirement/CU	骨里红Gulihong	南京宫粉Nanjinggongfen	早玉蝶Zaoyudie	早花绿萼Zaohualve
2021-09-12	132	1.89	0	0	0
2021-09-17	252	9.52	0	20.57	0
2021-09-19	276	15.19	0	18.20	26.12
2021-09-21	348	18.10	12.34	31.58	50.82
2021-09-23	396	40.25	49.91	63.53	58.40
2021-09-25	420	62.10	40.21	53.29	61.27
2021-09-27	492	75.36	63.52	78.54	60.03

品种 Cultivar	犹他模型不同低温积累量处理的花径 Flower diameter under different low temperature accumulation of Utah model
品种 Cultivar	252 CU	372 CU	492 CU	612 CU	732 CU	852 CU
骨里红Gulihong	2.15±0.12 a	2.13±0.20 a	2.30±0.34 a	2.51±0.15 a	2.53±0.26 a	2.74±0.20 a
南京宫粉Nanjinggongfen	0 c	1.83±0.09 b	1.99±0.22 b	2.24±0.23 b	2.45±0.30 a	2.57±0.15 b
早玉蝶Zaoyudie	1.83±0.15 b	2.05±0.31 a	2.04±0.16 b	2.16±0.21 b	1.98±0.15 b	2.21±0.18 c
早花绿萼Zaohualve	0 c	1.56±0.12 c	1.75±0.12 c	1.53±0.20 c	1.83±0.10 b	2.09±0.26 d

品种 Cultivar	犹他模型不同低温积累量处理的花径 Flower diameter under different low temperature accumulation of Utah model
品种 Cultivar	252 CU	372 CU	492 CU	612 CU	732 CU	852 CU
骨里红Gulihong	2.15±0.12 a	2.13±0.20 a	2.30±0.34 a	2.51±0.15 a	2.53±0.26 a	2.74±0.20 a
南京宫粉Nanjinggongfen	0 c	1.83±0.09 b	1.99±0.22 b	2.24±0.23 b	2.45±0.30 a	2.57±0.15 b
早玉蝶Zaoyudie	1.83±0.15 b	2.05±0.31 a	2.04±0.16 b	2.16±0.21 b	1.98±0.15 b	2.21±0.18 c
早花绿萼Zaohualve	0 c	1.56±0.12 c	1.75±0.12 c	1.53±0.20 c	1.83±0.10 b	2.09±0.26 d

品种 Cultivar	生长度小时模型 Growing degree hours model/ GDH℃	有效积温模型 Effective temperature model/℃
骨里红Gulihong	9 171.14 c	375.50 c
南京宫粉Nanjinggongfen	9 865.46 b	400.65 b
早玉蝶Zaoyudie	9 756.28 b	397.10 c
早花绿萼Zaohualve	10 129.51 a	414.80 a

不同梅品种的需冷量与需热量

Chilling and heat requirements of different Prunus mume cultivars

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